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集团结构和生态位特征是量化动物群落组织过程的重要指标,鸟类集团结构及其食物资源分割的分析对于理解群落中不同鸟种生态适应性具有重要意义.越冬水鸟集团结构和生态位特征取决于食物资源的丰富度和可获得性.本文通过对升金湖越冬水鸟的觅食生境和觅食行为的观察,对水鸟群落的集团结构进行划分,采用Levins指数和Pianka指数计算生态位宽度和生态位重叠度.结果表明,升金湖越冬水鸟可被划分为4个觅食集团,即G1浅水啄食集团、G2草滩啄食集团、G3广食性集团和G4深水潜水觅食集团.在浅水和中水区的觅食集团物种组成比深水区的水鸟集团丰富.G3广食性集团的生态位宽度远高于其余3个特化集团.比较而言,所有水鸟物种的觅食行为均较特化,但在觅食生境方面却较宽化.同一集团内物种间的生态位重叠远高于集团间的生态位重叠.G3广食性集团内物种的生态位重叠度低于其它特化集团内物种的生态位重叠度.研究结果表明,升金湖越冬水鸟群落集团结构主要受食物资源空间配置及其可利用性的影响.水鸟群落结构和生态位特征的信息对监测升金湖湿地的质量和制定有效的湿地保护策略都具有重要意义. 相似文献
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提出了基于RouterOS路由系统的地震应急现场3G一体化组网方案,利用3G通信技术的优势,实现了前方地震应急现场和后方地震应急指挥中心的视频会议、IP电话等业务应用。3G网络是当前地震应急通信模式的补充。 相似文献
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探讨如何利用GRE隧道实现3G无线接入地震行业网络的技术方案,并对中国联通的3G网络作基本分析,以流动观测台为例,简要介绍3G网络接入的应用成果. 相似文献
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现有广域电磁接收机采集监控设备便携性、人机交互、续航能力不佳给野外数据采集带来一定困难,为此可借助Android智能手机在普及率高、用户基础好、便携性佳、计算能力相对较强、人机交互好、续航能力佳、随时随地的无线通信能力等方面的优势实现监控设备朝轻量化和移动化发展,而实现该目标的关键在于设计一款针对通用Android平台智能手机的采集监控软件.该文在搭载Android系统的通用智能手机上设计开发了集Wi Fi(Wireless Fidelity)通信、多线程并行、实时监控、数据可视化、SQLite存储、文件存储于一体的应用程序,在其中可设置或接入WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network)无线局域网,设置测点、测线、采集周期、工作次数等采集任务参数,实时监控多台电磁接收机的运行状态,实现处理数据的双对数坐标显示等.经过试验表明该监控软件功能高效、便携性好,能极大方便工作人员的野外数据采集,具有一定的实际应用价值. 相似文献
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《世界地震译丛》2017,(6)
地震网络研究项目旨在实现利用智能手机作为加速度计的全球地震预警系统。地震波会产生地震动,我们根据没有地震动时的预期报告数目设定阈值,当地震发生后30s报告地震动的智能手机数目超过阈值时,中央服务器的软件就会发布地震事件。本文中,我们分析了地震网络项目的智能手机网手机的数据,以推断是否具有初步确定震中估计值的足够信息。数据包含智能手机空间位置和服务器接收时间。对智能手机数据的初步分析结果表明,信号时间并非如预期一样,能显示出震相的系统偏移。因此,一种利用网络中大量智能手机的新方法应运而生。尤其是,震中估计仅需要考虑报告地震和未报告地震智能手机的空间位置。我们利用非参数方法和基于模型方法,通过利用模拟地震数据和系统检测到的智利49次地震事件数据,研究了两种方法对震中估计的性能。在线资料2015年9月16日至11月11日期间地震网络项目的地震预警系统检测到的49次智利地震事件的估计结果 相似文献
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目的:探讨胰腺内分泌肿瘤（NETP）的CT表现及诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实19例NETP患者的CT表现,运用Fisher精确检验法分别比较不同级别、功能性和非功能性肿瘤与病灶大小之间关系。结果:19例共23个病灶,其中功能性NETP4例,非功能NETP 15例。根据WHO分级,G1级7例,G2级10例,G3级2例。CT平扫完全实性病灶6个,囊实性17个,完全囊性为0个,钙化4个,主胰管扩张10个。低级别肿瘤小于3 cm 72.7%（8/11）,高级别肿瘤大于3 cm 83.3%（10/12）,两者具有显著性差异（P<0.05）;而功能性肿瘤小于3 cm66.7%（4/6）,非功能性肿瘤大于3 cm 82.4%（14/17）,同样两者具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:胰腺内分泌肿瘤CT表现具有一定特征性,肿瘤的最大径有助于不同及功能性、非功能性肿瘤的判断,并可指导临床制订治疗方案。 相似文献
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结晶岩的水化膨胀研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
室温下的应变实验表明 ,低孔隙度的结晶岩如花岗岩、片麻岩、闪长岩和变基性岩 ,水饱和时膨胀 ,干燥时收缩 ,这种效应是可重复的 .用水的吸附和解吸 （在相对湿度下 ） ,也可以观察到膨胀和收缩 .膨胀效应是由于表面力 （VanderWaals吸引、双电层排斥及溶剂化排斥 ）引起的 .水饱和体应变约为其孔隙度的 1 /1 0 .用庚烷饱和的体应变比用水饱和的小 .用CaCl2 溶液饱和的应变随着盐克分子浓度的增加而减小 .杨氏模量E、切变模量G、品质因数Q的准静态测量表明 ,随着相对湿度的增加 ,E、G、Q减少 ,吸附水的增加改变了孔隙内表面分子的相互作用力 .大约在岩石孔隙表面吸附达到 3个水分子层时 ,可观察到最强烈的膨胀效应 . 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献