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针对现有煤矿井下随钻测量系统信号传输必须依赖通缆专用钻杆而不能采用常规钻杆的技术限制,提出泥浆脉冲无线传输技术,以钻杆柱内环空间为信号传输通道,通过对孔内轨迹参数测量、泥浆脉冲载波信号传输、间歇工作模式设计与控制、孔口信号接收与解调处理等关键技术研究,研制了基于泥浆脉冲的矿用无线随钻测量装置YHD3-1500,并在山西晋城寺河和成庄煤矿进行了试验。试验结果表明:泥浆脉冲无线随钻测量装置信号幅度大、传输距离远、工作时间长、工作稳定性强。装置使用过程中不受钻杆限制,不但可提高钻孔深度,又可实现钻孔轨迹实时控制,进一步拓宽了定向钻进应用领域,具有极大的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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大直径定向钻进成孔技术的发展, 为“以孔代巷”技术抽采采空区上隅角瓦斯提供了技术支持。受限于井下设备条件, 常规大直径钻孔主要采用逐级扩孔工艺。然而, 逐级扩孔钻进需要多次提钻、下钻, 辅助时间长、工人劳动强度大。为提高煤层顶板大直径钻孔成孔效率, 开发了双级双速钻进工艺, 该工艺采用螺杆马达与钻机分别驱动一级、二级钻头进行单次双级扩孔钻进, 可大大提高成孔效率。通过分析双级双速钻进工艺特点、拟钻地层岩性等, 从剖面形状、切削齿排布、水路设计以及导向器设计等方面设计了双级双速钻头, 该钻头采用球头螺旋形导向器, 更容易沿既有钻孔轨迹钻进; 采用等切削布齿, 提高破岩效率、降低切削齿不均匀磨损, 进而提高钻头寿命与钻进效率。设计的双级双速钻头进行了现场试验, 试验表明双级双速钻头能够沿先导孔钻进, 较常规逐级扩孔钻头综合效率提高25%以上, 使用后钻头磨损均匀, 满足了双级双速工艺要求, 大大提高了煤层顶板大直径钻孔施工效率。 相似文献
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Bone apatite acts as a natural, timed sampling device, scavenging trace elements from local pore waters over timescales of ca. 1-50 ka. The rare earth element (REE) and U/Th composition of fossil bones reflects associated pore water compositions during the period of recrystallisation. The REE composition of fossil bones is controlled by partitioning of REE between pore waters and particle surfaces, and the REE composition of fossil bones reflects the REE composition of pore waters which vary spatially and temporally. Light REE are preferentially sorped onto particle surfaces, thus the high La/Yb values seen in many bones from coastal marine and aeolian environments are best explained by release of REE from light REE-enriched particles to local pore waters and subsequent immobilisation in recrystallising bones. The REE compositions of bones recovered from pedogenically altered diatomite sediments of the Olorgesailie Formation of southern Kenya vary over spatial scales of less than 10 m. Location accounts for 48% of the observed variation in bone chemistry and bones recovered from eight discrete excavations within the same time-equivalent stratigraphic layer can be assigned to their excavation location with >70% accuracy based on a discriminant analysis of REE, U, and Th composition. Despite this within-layer variation, bones recovered from different stratigraphic horizons within the Olorgesailie Formation can also be distinguished on the basis of their trace element composition. Bones recovered from four stratigraphic horizons spanning ca. 0.5 million years were assigned to their correct stratigraphic layer with >90% accuracy. Where sedimentological conditions are favourable, the trace element composition of fossil bone may be used to test stratigraphic provenance and burial location in excavated bone with a temporal resolution of <10 ka and a spatial resolution of <10 m. The trace element composition of fossil bone may also be used to investigate the accumulation history of vertebrate assemblages and to reconstruct pore water variability across land surfaces. 相似文献
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针对常规外平钻杆在施工大直径定向长钻孔易发生断裂、弯曲黏扣等问题,分析其失效原因,优选了钻杆材料,研制出φ73 mm高韧性高强度钻杆（High Toughness and High Strength Drilling Pipe,HHDP）。通过性能检测和现场试验:钻杆整体抗扭能力达到20 kN·m,抗弯能力达到2°/3 m,施工大直径定向长钻孔时,千米扩孔进尺钻具事故率约0.26次/km,约为其他同规格钻杆的18%。 相似文献
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为提高吉林白城地区的吉洮地1井、吉白地1井两口油气地质调查井钻探生产效率,在覆盖地层钻井中应用绳索取心技术。基于所钻地层岩性特征,结合提钻取心与绳索取心工艺特点,通过设计钻头、钻井冲洗液,改进钻进规程参数与钻具水口流经通道,在覆盖地层（厚约1 100 m）钻井中成功应用绳索取心钻进方法。相比传统单管/双管提钻取心方法,钻进效率与岩心采取率提高两倍以上,提大钻周期提升至2 d以上,大大降低了劳动强度,节约工期近30 d。详细介绍了白城地区覆盖地层钻井中应用绳索取心技术的改进方法与施工经验,对今后在覆盖地层钻井中推广应用绳索取心技术具有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
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There was a famous saying by Sage Archimedes over 2,000 years ago that giving him a long enough lever and a fulcrum, he would tilt the entire earth. As an old driller, I propose another non‐famous saying that giving me a chance to drill a coring hole, and I will create a telescope to insert the deepest earth for you. Nowadays, drilling is one of most significant methods to collect samples from the deep earth. Those samples are extremely important for geoscientists to focus on the dynamic evolution of deep earth. Therefore, drilling engineering is thought to be inseparable for the geosciences. Unfortunately, some young geologists, especially students majoring on geology, have no meanings of what the drilling is, and of the importance for their geological researches. In this case, education popularization drilling knowledge should be strengthened in future. And we hope that sufficient attention of drilling engineering will be taken by geologists in the world. Moreover, in order to obtain high‐quality cores by various coring drilling methods. Drilling techniques and special coring tools must be continuously developed to successfully perform with regard to a variety of complex geological conditions. We have developed coring tools these years as follows: Splitted core barrel Triple tube coring drill tool, Advanced tube coring tool, Vacuum suction coring tool, Shock‐type coring tool, Long core barrel coring tool, WL‐drilling system with hydro‐hammer, WL‐drilling system with mud motor. These new coring tools have played a very important role in China's scientific drilling program. All in all, without advanced drilling technology, pickup of high quality samples from the deep Earth and geological research on the dynamic evolution will be restricted. 相似文献
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我国干热岩勘探刚刚起步。为准确评价干热岩型地热资源的资源量,需要钻获高质量的干热岩岩心,但目前针对高温、高硬度、高研磨工况下的干热岩取芯钻进工艺研究较少,严重制约了干热岩型地热资源的准确评价。为此,自主研发了Φ127 mm涡轮钻具,在福建漳州HDR-1井和青海共和GR1井进行了干热岩钻井取芯应用研究,研究验证了研发的涡轮钻具与KT-140取芯钻具的适配性、涡轮钻具与金刚石取芯钻头的匹配性,揭示了高温和硬岩井况下涡轮钻具工作特性,经受住了孔底236 ℃高温考验,钻获了高质量岩心,取得了涡轮钻具现场测试应用的各项参数;涡轮取芯钻进工艺与常规取芯钻进工艺相比,既充分发挥了涡轮钻具高转速的性能,也发挥了其耐高温、耐研磨、耐高地应力、使用寿命长和现场劳动强度低的特性,干热岩取芯钻速和质量大大提高。该工艺是高温深孔干热岩井下动力回转钻具驱动取芯钻头进行取芯钻进的首次成功尝试,为干热岩涡轮钻具复合取芯钻井技术的进一步科研攻关、现场试验与推广应用提供了宝贵的施工应用经验和借鉴,也将为我国干热岩科学钻探与深部地热资源勘探提供新的技术支撑。 相似文献
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汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目是在龙门山"北川-映秀"断裂及龙门山前缘安县-灌县断裂附近实施5口科学群钻,由于所实施的5个钻孔都位于地震断裂带上,地层十分松软破碎,普通取心钻进的取心率低、岩心扰动大。为解决该问题,设计并采用了一种超前式隔水防冲蚀PDC取心钻头,取得了良好的效果,提高了岩心采取率,并保证了岩心的原状性。论文通过UG建立的实体模型导入ANSYS Workbench下的CFX流场分析和Steady-Thermal稳定热分析模块,分析了该钻头的井底流场分布、大小以及钻头的冷却效果,并计算孔底有效排粉的最低泵量,以确定超前式隔水防冲蚀PDC取心钻头取心钻进时保证取心率和岩心原状性要求的最优泵量。 相似文献
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A technique to sample groundwaters in the basal sediment aquifers of regions characterized by thick glacial sediments using reverse circulation drilling has been developed together with a methodology for carrying out detailed groundwater hydrogeochemical surveys aimed at discovery of sub-outcropping and deep-seated ore deposits. The method consists essentially of five steps, namely: (1) overburden drilling using a stable tracer dye to monitor the effects of drill water input into the basal aquifer, (2) removal of the tricones from the drill bit to allow emplacement of the piezometer unit and injection of filter sand packs and bentonite seals, (3) development of groundwater in the basal aquifer to remove drill water inputs, (4) emplacement of the piezometer unit and injection of the filter sand pack and bentonite seal, and (5) further development of the piezometer installation followed by sampling of basal aquifer groundwater and measurement of piezometric heads. The piezometer installation and sampling procedures can be performed with a minimal amount of training by geological technicians either employed by mining companies or more generally by overburden drilling management companies as part of their contractual agreement with a mining company. 相似文献
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以顺煤层超长定向钻孔组覆盖整个工作面,对矿井大盘区瓦斯进行采前预抽是区域瓦斯治理的新模式。从大盘区瓦斯抽采顺煤层超长定向钻孔施工工艺出发,介绍了顺煤层超长定向钻孔成孔的几大关键技术,包括钻孔递进式轨迹延伸技术、复合钻进轨迹控制技术、水力加压减阻钻进技术、正反扭转减阻钻进技术及复合侧钻分支技术等。还介绍了顺煤层超长定向钻孔施工的主要配套装备,包括ZDY15000LD大功率定向钻机、BLY460/13泥浆泵车、YHD3-3000泥浆脉冲测量系统、无缆大通孔钻杆、水力加压螺杆马达等。利用该技术与装备在保德矿二盘区进行了工程示范应用,应用结果表明,该套工艺技术与装备具备施工长度超过3 300 m顺煤层超长定向钻孔能力。最后对瓦斯抽采效果进行了分析,结果显示超长定向钻孔抽采周期长,抽采量高,可以对大盘区瓦斯进行超前综合治理。 相似文献
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苏州马环连接线强风化安山玢岩地质勘察钻探技术 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
强风化岩体裂隙节理发育,风化程度不均,岩石强度软弱不均,为提高钻进效率,改常规的复合片钻头为孕镶金刚石钻头,使钻进时以研磨岩石方式改为切削岩石方式;为提高岩心采取率,保护取心钻具内强风化岩心及防止钻具内岩心段间相互研磨,改单管钻具为单动双管钻具,采用相对优质泥浆进行护壁,预防钻进及提下钻时的卡钻。 相似文献
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海洋沉积地层多功能取样钻具研制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前,海洋钻探取心主要采用提钻或绳索打捞的方式获取岩心。随着对取心质量和采取率要求越来越高,再加上海底沉积层变化多样,单一的取样器具已经不能满足当前的取样需要。为此,本文研制了一种海洋沉积地层多功能取样钻具,能够根据海底地层性质,开展低扰动、高品质的取样操作。通过海洋钻进取样试验表明,针对海底的淤泥、粘土及砂质地层,超前取样钻具、液压剪切取样钻具和半合管取样钻具能够有效获取海底的沉积层岩样,平均采取率为73.34%。研制的多功能取样钻具采用超前取样和液压压入取样技术,降低了对沉积物岩心的扰动,提升了岩心品质和采取率,为下一步的工程化应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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车载钻机是矿山事故地面钻孔救援的核心装备,在国内外历次成功救援中发挥了重要作用,给进系统是车载钻机的主要执行机构,使用过程中暴露出长工作行程制约整机通过性、定位轮系维护困难、双油缸运动同步性不强、动力头偏载引起导轨磨损、液压表显示起拔力延时等问题。研制的ZMK5550TZJF50/120型救援车载钻机采用基于油缸—钢丝绳倍速传动机构的伸缩桅杆式结构,实现了长工作行程和短运输尺寸;设计快换式轮系、钢丝绳防扭转张紧系统,解决一二级给进机身的辅助定位系统安全保护和维护困难的难题;采用给进系统油路同步补偿和先导控制技术,解决给进装置双油缸同步的难题;研发抽屉式调平体和测力销轴结构,实现动力头钻进过程中自平衡式调节及起拔力监测。经过静态、模态分析、应变测试和现场工业性应用,给进系统最大起拔力达1 205 kN,能够有效处理大直径救援井施工过程中卡钻、埋钻等孔内事故,配合动力头、钻杆加卸系统,具有快速起下钻具功能,可大幅度提高倒杆效率,单根起下钻效率小于3 min/根。研究结果表明:救援车载钻机伸缩桅杆式给进装置运输尺寸短,钻机机动性强,道路通过性好;现场试验中处理了多次孔内卡钻、埋钻事故隐患,稳定和可靠性较高、可维护性好、起拔力监测准确、倒杆效率高,可以满足600 m深度救援井施工需求。给进装置轻量化,以及执行系统、传动系统、动力系统之间的响应匹配优化研究是今后的重点方向。 相似文献
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潜孔锤反循环钻进技术在某水电站的试验应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水利工程中的钻孔工程具有特殊的工况,采用正循环潜孔锤钻进方法在狭窄封闭的洞室内进行钻孔施工,粉尘污染严重,施工环境恶劣,影响作业工人的身体健康。为了解决施工洞室内的粉尘污染问题,在某水电站的排水孔施工中,首次应用了潜孔锤反循环钻进技术,并在上仰孔和下行孔施工试验中获得成功,有效控制和降低了洞室内的粉尘问题,有利于维护良好的施工环境。设计的A、B两种结构类型钻头主要差别是内喷孔的位置不同,A型钻头的内喷孔设计在花键上的各个平键之间,B型钻头的内喷孔则设计在花键的平键上。CFD数值模拟计算结果显示,A型钻头对环空抽吸的空气量是0.199 987 04 kg/s,略大于B型钻头的0.177 524 64 kg/s,说明A型钻头的抽吸能力优于B型钻头。上仰孔和下行孔的钻进试验结果表明,内喷孔设计在花键上的各个平键之间且具有双排12个内喷孔的A型钻头结构更为合理,在施工中A型钻头比B型钻头的孔口粉尘少。从反循环排渣效果看,A型钻头破碎的大部分岩粉和大颗粒岩块从中心通道排出,反循环排渣效果优于B型钻头。 相似文献