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1.
Estuarine wetlands serve as a natural barrier to remove the land-generated pollut-ants and attenuate the pollutant load from the land to the sea. As one of the most important estuarine wetlands, the Yangtze estuarine wetlands have attracted particular interests in the biogeochemical studies of nutrients. The objectives of this study were to characterize the seasonal and spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) fluxes across the sediment-water interface; to calculate the total DIN fluxes in a year and different seasons; and to evaluate the DIN removing capability of the sediment in the tidal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary. The spatial distribution of DIN fluxes shows complicated seasonal variations and spatial differences. The annual DIN fluxes range from -22.22 mmol N m-2 h-1 to 19.54 mmolN m-2 h-1, with an average of -1.48±1.34 mmol N m-2 h-1. The tidal wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary behave as a source of water DIN in spring when DIN is released from sediment into overlying water, and the released amount of DIN is 1.33×104 tons of nitrogen (T N). In sum-mer, autumn and winter, the sediment absorbs the DIN from the overlying water, and the absorbed amounts of DIN are 4.36×104 T N, 6.81×104 T N and 2.24×104 T N, respectively. The average amount of DIN in overlying water of the Yangtze Estuary is 52.6×104 T N yr-1, and the perennial average amount of DIN absorbed from the overlying water by the sediment is 12.1×104 T N yr-1. The annual DIN elimination rate of the tidal wetlands was 23.0%.  相似文献   

2.
长江口滨岸湿地无机氮界面交换通量量算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
基于3年长江口滨岸湿地沉积物－水界面无机氮季节性交换通量连续实测数据,建立无机氮界面交换通量空间插值模型与量算模型,对无机氮界面交换通量季节性空间分布特征、滨岸湿地不同岸段无机氮季节性界面交换总通量量算等研究。结果表明：修正GIDS插值模型在无机氮界面交换通量空间插值预测过程中精度明显优于IDS方法,而略优于普通Kriging方法;长江口滨岸湿地沉积物－水界面无机氮交换通量空间分布在不同季节表现出复杂的空间分异特征;利用修正GIDS插值模型对长江口滨岸湿地无机氮交换通量进行空间插值过程中,为提高通量量算模型精度,应采用1.2'×1.2'的空间尺度为最佳;长江口滨岸湿地无机氮界面交换总通量量算表明,长江口滨岸湿地在春季向水体释放无机氮,是水体无机氮的释放源,释放量为1.33×104 t,夏季、秋季和冬季表现为净化水体中无机氮,是水体无机氮的吸收汇,分别净化无机氮量为4.36×104 t、6.81×104 t和2.24×104 t,全年总体表现为净化水体中无机氮,净化量为12.1×104 t;长江口多年水体中无机氮通量多项式拟合分析得出,2002~2004年3年长江口水体中无机氮通量平均值为52.6×104 t,滨岸湿地对长江口水体中无机氮的年均净化率达23.0%。  相似文献   

3.
长江口潮滩沉积物－水界面无机氮交换通量   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  
对长江口滨岸潮滩7个典型断面三态氮的界面交换通量进行了三年多的季节性连续观测,结果表明无机氮的界面交换行为存在复杂的空间分异和季节变化。NO-3-N和NH+4-N的界面交换通量正负变化范围较大,分别介于-32.82~24.13 mmol.m-2.d-1和-18.45~10.65mmol.m-2.d-1之间;而NOsup>-2-N的界面交换通量很小,仅为-1.15~2.82 mmol.m-2.d-1。NO-3-N的界面交换具有明显的上下游季节性时空分异特征,而NH+4-N的界面交换则表现为南北岸季节性时空分异现象。盐度是控制长江口滨岸潮滩NH+4-N界面交换行为的主要因素,而沉积物粒度、水体 NO-3-N浓度、沉积物有机质含量、水温和溶解氧含量则以不同的组合方式,共同制约着 NO-3-N在潮滩界面交换的时空分异格局。  相似文献   

4.
长江口水域悬沙浓度时空变化与泥沙再悬浮   总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29  
根据近年来长江河口及其邻近水域8个测站1年的表层悬沙浓度逐日观测资料,并结合水动力状况,对悬沙浓度的时空变化进行了分析。结果发现,长江口自徐六泾以下悬沙浓度不断增高,并呈现口内夏高冬低,而口外冬高夏低,且量值为口外大于口内,杭州湾大于长江口。表明长江入海泥沙在海洋动力作用下强烈再悬浮;悬沙浓度在时间上呈现明显的大小潮周期和季节性变化。进一步分析认为,海洋动力 (风浪和潮流) 是泥沙再悬浮的主导因素,制约悬沙浓度的年内变化,其中潮流控制悬沙浓度的大小潮周期变化,风浪引起悬沙浓度的季节性变化,河流径流和海洋动力的对比制约悬沙浓度的空间分布。  相似文献   

5.
1IntroductionSincetheearly1970s,theimportanceofthewetlandenvironmentalprotectionhasbeenextensivelyrecognized,computertechnologieshavebeenwidelyusedinenvironmentalprotection,andalargenumberofthewetlandinformationsystemshavebeendeveloped.EspeciallyinU.S.A.,…  相似文献   

6.
Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetlands Geographic Information System (YETWGIS) is a comprehensive software system for environmental management and decision of Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands. Based on MapObjects components technology, Data Mining technology, mathematical modeling method and Visual Basic language, this software system has many functions such as displaying, editing, querying and searching, spatial statistics and analysis, thematic map compiling, and environmental quality evaluation. This paper firstly outlined the system structure, key techniques, and achieving methods of YETWGIS, and then, described the core modules (the thematic map compiling module and environmental quality evaluation model module) in detail. In addition, based on information entropy model, it thoroughly discussed the methods of environmental quality evaluation and indicators' weight calculation. Finally, by using YETWGIS, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of Heavy Metal and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) of the Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands in 2002, and evaluated the environmental quality of the Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands in 2003.  相似文献   

7.
长江口潮滩有机质稳定碳同位素时空分布与来源分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
通过测定长江口潮滩悬浮颗粒有机质和表层沉积有机质在枯水季节 (2006年2月 )和洪水季节 (2006年8月 )的稳定碳同位素值,对有机质潜在来源及局部岸段改造作用进行了分析。结果显示,悬浮颗粒有机质稳定碳同位素值在2月明显低于8月,变化范围分别在-25.8‰~-23.4‰和-25.1‰~-22.9‰,主要是受径流量枯洪季变化和浮游生物生长季节变化两种因素的叠加作用。表层沉积有机质2月和8月的稳定碳同位素分别为-25.0‰~-20.4‰和-24.7‰~-19.5‰,季节变化不明显,主要来自悬浮颗粒物的沉降。除受大背景环境因素影响,局部环境对潮滩有机质也有一定的改造作用,污水、支流河水的输入对悬浮颗粒有机质碳同位素有一定的影响,埋藏的潮滩植物和底栖微藻则对沉积有机质有部分贡献。  相似文献   

8.
The investigations on the organic carbon (OC) of core sediments were carried out in Chongming east tidal flat (CM) during Scirpus mariqueter growing stage (from April to December 2004) in Yangtze Estuary. The Yangtze River annually transports a runoff discharge of 30,000 m3/s, carrying about 480 million tons of sediments to the estuarine and coastal area, which formed a great OC pool. In the sampling spots, seven quadrats of 50 cm × 50 cm and five sediments cores of 20 cm deep (40 cm deep in December) were randomly established in order to collect vegetations and core sediments samples during the low tide each month except November. After pretreatment, the core sediments were sieved and their OC contents were measured according to the potassium dichromate method. The results show that the higher surface sediment OC content in summer comes from allochthonous terrigenous particle settlements on the Chongming east middle tidal flat S. mariqueter zone. In autumn and winter, the decomposing of the defoliated S. mariqueter increases the surface sediments OC content. Settling velocity, sediment temperature and S. mariqueter growth are the main factors that can control the sediment carbon content. Summer is the "carbon losing" period of the tidal flat sediments, while from September, it changes into the "carbon accumulating" period of sediment OC pool because of the decomposing of dead S. mariqueter community in the sediments. From this alternation of "carbon losing" period and "carbon accumulating" period, we conclude that carbon in the OC pool of the middle tidal flat S. mariqueter zone sediments mainly comes from the atmospheric carbon rooted by S. mariqueter photosynthesis.  相似文献   

9.
长江口水沙入海通量的观测与分析   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  
在长江口用声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）进行走航式断面观测,结果表明,采集水样获取的悬沙浓度与ADCP记录的声学信号（后向散射强度）之间存在显著相关关系,因此可据ADCP声学数据获得沿观测断面的高时空分辨率的悬沙浓度剖面。分析结果表明．在徐六泾附近断面以往复流占优势．大潮期间单位时间最大水、悬沙通量值出现于涨潮期．落潮历时较长．落潮期水、悬沙通量分别大于涨潮期水、悬沙通量,净通量向海。长江口南槽拦门沙外侧主要为旋转流．涨潮期间内的水、悬沙通量均分别大于落潮期间的水、悬沙通量。2003年11月12日的观测结果表明．潮周期内通过徐六泾断面向海输运的水与悬沙通量分别为10^9m^3和10^8kg量级：径流量与悬沙输运率分别为10^4m^3／s和10^3kg／s量级。1998年以来徐六泾ADCP流量观测数据与同时间的大通径流量之间存在着显著的相关关系．故可由大通径流量估算徐六泾径流量。作为长江人海径流量．以作为历史资料整编的一种手段。结果表明,长江人海年径流总量略大于大通年径流总量：而在枯水期间人海径流量小于大通径流量。  相似文献   

10.
近30 年来长江口岸滩沉积物与地貌演变特征   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
通过对长江口潮间带宽度、表层和浅地层柱状样沉积物、典型水下岸坡剖面的现场测量,以及对潮间带宽度及水下岸坡剖面的多幅历史海图分析,研究近30 年长江口岸滩演变特征及岸滩演变的主要原因。结果表明:(1) 岸滩沉积物整体上呈“北细南粗”的变化特征,横沙东滩北岸、长江和东海大桥下等主要大型工程附近潮间带柱状样粒序向上显著变粗;(2) 长江口部分潮间带宽度减少90%以上;水下岸坡由1980 年的“S”形向凹形、斜坡形等侵蚀型形态转变,岸坡明显变陡,侵蚀型岸滩特征凸显;南汇嘴至芦潮港岸段水下岸坡闭合水深1978-2004 年为-8 m,近10 年来滩底发生侵蚀,刷深约1 m;(3) 流域来沙量锐减导致长江口侵蚀型水下岸滩格局的形成;河口大面积围垦、青草沙水库和长江与东海大桥等大型工程建设是造成潮间带大面积损失和局部沉积物粗化的主要原因;沙体变迁是狭长型河槽局部岸滩演变的主要影响因素。  相似文献   

11.
长江口滨岸湿地环境信息系统的建立与应用   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
长江口滨岸湿地环境信息系统 (Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetland Environmental Information System,简称YETWEIS)是一个适用于长江口滨岸湿地环境管理与决策的软件系统。该系统基于MapObjects组件技术、数据挖掘技术和数学建模方法,以Visual Basic为开发平台,功能包括对长江口滨岸湿地环境信息的显示、编辑、查询检索、信息统计、空间分析、专题地图编制和环境质量评价等。本文首先介绍了YETWEIS的体系结构、实现技术和主要功能,然后重点对专题地图编制模块和环境质量评价模块的实现思想进行了阐述,同时对水体、沉积物、大气环境质量评价方法、污染因子权重确定方法、基于熵值法的环境质量综合评价方法进行了深入探讨,并利用YETWEIS分析了长江口滨岸湿地2002年重金属和持久性有机污染物的空间分布特征,并对长江口滨岸湿地2003年环境质量进行了系统评价。  相似文献   

12.
长江口拦门沙河段潮滩表层沉积物分布特征(英文)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Sediment samples with high spatial resolution (432 samples in total) and flow data were collected on the tidal flats in the mouth-bar region of the Yangtze Estuary. The data was collected in July 2005, July 2006 and May 2007. The samples were analyzed with a particle sizer, resulting in the sediment distribution. The grain sizes and related parameters were analyzed. The results were presented in a ternary diagram. The sediment mainly consisted of sand, silty sand, sandy silt, sand-silt-clay, silt and clayey silt. And sand skeletons and clay matrices were found. At Nanhui Shoal, silt skeletons could be identified as well. Furthermore, the results were discussed per shoal. Although some depth dependencies were found per shoal, no general relation was found. The results are as follows: sediment located at these tidal flats of the Yangtze Estuary was mainly composed of sand, silty sand and silt. The median grain size in sediment was relatively complex with a range from 2.5 φ to 8 φ. The distributions of sorting coefficients ranging from 1 to 2 were in agreement with median sizes. It was suggested that sediment of the tidal flats was coarser and better sorted or finer and worse sorted. The skewness in sediment distribution varied from 0.1 to 0.8. In addition, the distributions of sorting coefficient and skewness in sediment at Chongming Eastern Shoal, Hengsha Eastern Shoal and Jiuduan Shoal were of similar characteristics because there were closely positive correlated relationships among these parameters. However, due to the location difference between Nanhui Southern Shoal and Eastern Shoal, the values of sorting coefficient and skewness had relatively large distinctions. The tracks of sediment transport could be described based on the distributions of sediment, which might reveal sediment transport controlled by two dominant hydrodynamic factors of current and wave. It was appreciable that coarser sediment with lower sorted coefficient was affected by dominant ebb current action and intense wave action resulted from rapidly dissipated wave energy. Moreover, due to the effects of obstructed branches, guided current and broken wave actions of the Deep Water Channel Project, grain-size in sediment located at two sides of the groyne was of uneven distribution characteristics.  相似文献   

13.
The investigations on the organic carbon （OC） of core sediments were carried out in Chongming east tidal fiat （CM） during Scirpus mariqueter growing stage （from April to December 2004） in Yangtze Estuary. The Yangtze River annually transports a runoff discharge of 30,000 m^3/s, carrying about 480 million tons of sediments to the estuarine and coastal area, which formed a great OC pool. In the sampling spots, seven quadrats of 50 cm × 50 cm and five sediments cores of 20 cm deep （40 cm deep in December） were randomly established in order to collect vegetations and core sediments samples during the low tide each month except November. After pretreatment, the core sediments were sieved and their OC contents were measured according to the potassium dichromate method. The results show that the higher surface sediment OC content in summer comes from allochthonous terrigenous particle settlements on the Chongming east middle tidal fiat S. mariqueter zone. In autumn and winter, the decomposing of the defoliated S. mariqueter increases the surface sediments OC content. Settling velocity, sediment temperature and S. mariqueter growth are the main factors that can control the sediment carbon content. Summer is the “carbon losing” period of the tidal fiat sediments, while from September, it changes into the “carbon accumulating” period of sediment OC pool because of the decomposing of dead S. mariqueter community in the sediments. From this alternation of “carbon losing” period and “carbon accumulating” period, we conclude that carbon in the OC pool of the middle tidal fiat S. mariqueter zone sediments mainly comes from the atmospheric carbon rooted by S. mariqueter photosynthesis.  相似文献   

14.
上海滨岸潮滩水沉积物中无机氮的季节性变化   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  
对长江口南翼上海滨岸带3个站点潮滩上覆水，沉积物和间隙水中的3态无机氮的含量分布的年度季节性监测研究表明：潮滩上覆水中溶解无机氮以NO3－N为主：表层沉积物中可交换态无机氮以NH4－N为主，约占70％－85％，沉积物间隙水中主要无机氮为NH4－N和NO3－N。潮滩水体中NH4－N的季节性变化幅度不大，而NO3－N和NO2－N的季节性变化明显，在冬季含量明显降低；但沉积物和间隙水中氮氨和硝态氮的浓度在冬季则有较大增加。初步探讨了潮滩水和沉积物中无机氮分布季节性变化的主要影响因素，估算了潮滩表层沉积物－水界面无机氮的扩散通量，指出NH4－N的扩散释放对滨岸水环境质量影响较大。  相似文献   

15.
The stability of flood channels has attracted considerable attention because of their complicated interactions with the prevailing hydrodynamics and importance in ship navigation. This research examines long-term morphodynamic evolution in the Yangtze Estuary from 1861 to 2002 and the equilibrium mechanism of the Xinqiao Channel in the Yangtze Estuary by digitizing 15 selected maritime charts and calculating the volume of the channel. Although the total period of channel development is much longer than the historical data used in this paper, three stages are identified during the study period: the first embryonic stage (66 years), the second formation stage (33 years) and the third equilibrium stage (45 years). Variations in coastline location, channel volume, and hydrodynamics in the channel during the three stages indicate that the channel equilibrium was reached and maintained when the channel direction was aligned with the direction of offshore tidal wave propagation. Variations in river and sediment discharges affect erosion and deposition in the channel and thus channel geometry. However, future reduction in sediment supply by 10–33% due to the ongoing river engineering projects would increase the volume of the Xinqiao Channel only by 1–3%. It seems unlikely that the above change in sediment discharge will disrupt the equilibrium of the Xinqiao Channel.  相似文献   

16.
Samples of suspended particulate matters (SPMs), surface sediment and road dust were collected from the Yangtze estuarine and nearby coastal areas, coastal rivers, and central Shanghai. The samples were analyzed for the presence of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the USEPA priority-controlled list by GC-MS. The compound-specific stable carbon isotopes of the individual PAHs were also analyzed by GC-C-IRMS. The sources of PAHs in the SPMs and surface sediments in the Yangtze estuarine and nearby coastal areas were then identified using multiple source identification techniques that integrated molecular mass indices with organic compound-specific stable isotopes. The results revealed that 3-ring and 4-ring PAH compounds were dominant in the SPMs and surface sediments, which are similar to the PAH compounds found in samples from the Wusong sewage discharge outlet, Shidongkou sewage disposal plant, Huangpu River, coastal rivers and central Shanghai. Principal component analysis (PCA) integrated with molecular mass indices indicated that gasoline, diesel, coal and wood combustion and petroleum-derived residues were the main sources of PAHs in the Yangtze Estuary. The use of PAH compound- specific stable isotopes also enabled identification of the PAHs input pathways. PAHs derived from wood and coal combustion and petroleum-derived residues were input into the Yangtze Estuary and nearby coastal areas by coastal rivers, sewage discharge outlets during the dry season and urban storm water runoff during the flood season. PAHs derived from vehicle emissions primarily accumulated in road dust from urban traffic lines and the commercial district and then entered the coastal area via the northwest prevailing winds in the dry season and storm water runoff during flood season.  相似文献   

17.
精准围垦的生态预警研究,需要从较短的时间尺度上和较集中的空间尺度上及时精准地监测滩涂的淤积量和淤积位置,这是滩涂围垦工程规划和实施的参考依据。以崇明东滩为例,结合滩涂湿地淤积量的直接测定和滩涂微地貌调查,尝试基于淤积量长期累积的相对高程评价促淤围垦的合理性。淤积量的测定结果表明:1微地形下的植被群落分带差异大到足以掩盖高程逐渐下降的梯度趋势;2潮间带和高潮滩的年均淤积速度均不足1 cm,而低潮滩的年均淤积速度达到了7 cm左右;3微地貌高程与淤积量之间呈极显著的负相关关系,呈现出两种不同的淤积机制。在此基础上,对目前以"生物促淤+物理围垦"的模式治理互花米草外来种入侵的促淤围垦进行了评价:1在快速淤涨的崇明东滩湿地中,生态系统工程师效应起着重要作用;2尽管在本研究实验区的围垦边界高程选择是合理的,但在实验区以外的围垦边界高程甚至延展到了0 m线以下,这是滩涂湿地过度围垦的直接证据之一;3与过去几次大围垦所不同的是,本次围垦范围选择的留一半、围一半的模式,一方面可以有效治理互花米草,另一方面可以预留足够的生态栖息地保留区。总之,淤积量的长期定点观测,为长江三角洲滩涂资源的动态管理和科学围垦提供了参考依据,可更客观地协调滩涂湿地保护和开发利用之间的矛盾。  相似文献   

18.
基于多参数指标的长江口滨岸多环芳烃来源辨析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在长江口滨岸及临近排污口、滨岸河流、城市中心城区采集悬浮颗粒物、表层沉积物、街道灰尘等样品, 分别利用GC-MS 和GC-C-IRMS 定量分析了不同环境介质中的多环芳烃 (PAHs) 与有机单体化合物稳定碳同位素(δ13C), 开展了基于PAH 环数、分子量特征比值和有机单体化合物稳定碳同位素组成等参数指标的长江口滨岸悬浮颗粒物与表层沉积物中PAHs 源解析研究。研究结果显示, 长江口滨岸悬浮颗粒物与表层沉积物中的PAH 化合物主要以3~4 环为主, 与吴淞排污口、石洞口污水处理厂、黄浦江、滨岸小河流以及上海中心城区等潜在来源区域不同环境介质中的PAHs 组成特征相似, 主要来源于汽油、柴油、煤炭和木材的不完全燃烧以及石油残余物的混合。其中, 木材和煤炭不完全燃烧形成的PAHs 以及石油残余物, 枯季经过滨岸河流及排污口直接输入, 洪季则为城市街道灰尘被暴雨冲刷, 随地表 径流最终汇入河口; 汽车排放(汽油、柴油不完全燃烧) 产生的PAHs 主要富集在城市交通区和商业区的街道灰尘中, 枯季借助区域盛行风迁移至河口区, 洪季则主要通过暴雨径流冲刷进入河口。  相似文献   

19.
Based on the results of water sample measurements of nutrient concentrations at the Datong Station of the Changjiang River from 1998 to 1999, combined with historical data of water quality, seasonal variations of nutrient concentrations and nutrient transports are discussed.The following results have been obtained: (1) the fluxes of the nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen increased by time-series from 1962 to 1990, even if runoff volume had a little variation; (2) the concentrations and fluxes of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) increased notably with time, but those of the dissolved silicon (DSI) decreased pronouncedly; and (3) the concentrations and fluxes changed synchronously with time between the Datong Station and the Changjiang Estuary.  相似文献   

20.
Sediment dynamics have an important influence on the morphological evolution of tidal wetlands, which consist of mudflats and salt marshes. To understand the nature of sediment behavior under combined current-wave action at an exposed tidal wetland, we measured the waves, currents, water depths, bed-level changes, and sediment properties at a mudflat-salt marsh transition on the Yangtze Delta, China, during five consecutive tides under onshore winds of ~ 8 m/s, and calculated the bed shear stresses due to currents (τc), waves (τw), combined current-wave action (τcw), and the critical shear stress for erosion of the bottom sediment (τce). The bed shear stresses under combined current-wave action (τcw) were approximately five times higher on the mudflat (up to 1.11 N/m2; average 0.27 N/m2) than on the salt marsh (up to 0.14 N/m2; average, 0.06 N/m2). On the mudflat, τcw was larger than the critical erosion shear stress (τce = 0.103 N/m2) for 70% of the period of submergence, whereas τcw was always lower than τce at the salt marsh site (τce = 0.116 N/m2). This result indicates that the sediment dynamics on the mudflat were dominated by erosion, whereas at the salt marsh they were governed by deposition, which is in agreement with the observed bed-level change during the study period (− 3.3 mm/tide on the mudflat and 3.0 mm/tide on the salt marsh). A comparison of τcw values calculated using the [van Rijn, 1993] and [Soulsby, 1995] models for bed shear stresses under combined current-wave action indicates that both models are applicable to the present case and effectively predict the bottom shear stress under combined current-wave action. Overall, we conclude that τcw in combination with τce is useful in assessing the hydrodynamic mechanisms that underlie the morphological evolution of exposed tidal wetlands.  相似文献   

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