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传感器优化布设是高层建筑荷载识别与振动特性研究的首要工作。总结了土木工程中几种常用的传感器优化布置方法和准则;提出了一种基于列主元QR分解的逐步累积法与逐步消去法,综合寻找最优测点数及测点位置的方法;基于大型科学计算软件MATLAB对该方法进行编程,实现了程序可视化。以330.25 m高的大连国贸大厦为例,建立三维有限元分析模型,进行了模态分析,并利用本文方法对传感器布置方案进行了优化。结果表明,该方法优化效果明显,能为高层建筑中布设振动监测仪器提供较为可靠的依据。 相似文献
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本文以非统计方法为基础,利用各种原始资料对地震台最优分布问题进行了研究,给出了确定最佳震源位置和任意规划区观测系统最佳几何图形的方法。 相似文献
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本文建立了基于二次型性能指标的结构控制系统控制器最优布置方法。以控制器撤除时的系统最优控制性能指标增量作为控制器对系统最优控制的贡献，并用做确定经济的控制器数量和最优控制器位置的定量分析准则。本文中的控制器位置和控制器设计采用同一个优化性能指标，使得控制系统设计为最优。根据逼近满设置控制器结构控制系统的最优状态求得控制器降阶后等价的反馈控制增益。应用本文的方法对剪切模型框架结构上安装的锚索控制器进行了控制器的总体优化设计。数值分析表明，本文提出的控制器数量、位置和参数优化方法不仅易于实现，而且甚为有效。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(6)
针对传统测量方法在古建木梁实际变形监测中存在的不足,本文基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应变测量技术结合构造函数法提出一种古建筑木梁挠度变形监测的新方法。该方法考虑了木梁两端榫卯连接半刚性支座、支座沉降和原木梁截面不规则三个因素,推导了应变测量结合构造函数法的古建木梁挠度计算公式;建立有限元仿真模型,得到所提方法在木梁监测中的最优传感器布设数量,并探讨了在实际工程中的适用范围;通过对木构架梁进行了静力加载试验来验证该方法的有效性,并分析支座沉降与截面不规则对挠度变形的影响程度。研究结果表明,本文所提的方法适用于半刚性支座的木梁,能够消除支座沉降与截面不规则的影响;该方法适合用于跨高比大于20的在役古建筑木梁挠度监测,仅需在5个位置布设FBG应变传感器即可满足精度的要求;支座沉降相对于截面不规则而言,其对挠度变形影响较大,且影响程度与加载模式无关。 相似文献
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水温传感器置深不同,所反映的固体潮效应不同。基于非自流井水温传感器深度,从与井底深度和含水层顶板埋深的相对位置关系,探讨水温传感器不同置深对固体潮体应变响应的影响,明确其最佳观测条件,分析认为:非自流井中水温记录固体潮效应的前提条件依次为:水位能记录到固体潮效应,水温传感器投放在观测含水层上方,传感器投放在地温梯度相对较大位置及井半径较小位置。 相似文献
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大跨度连续刚构桥健康监测加速度传感器优化布置研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文以一座145m＋2×260m＋145m的大跨度连续刚构桥为背景,首先介绍了传感器优化配置算法、评估准则和安放位置的选择方法;其次,建立了该连续刚构桥的三维有限元模型,进行了环境振动试验,得到了桥梁的基本动力特性;再次,基于MAC矩阵和Fisher信息阵标准为理论基础的传感器优化布点算法,对桥梁健康监测加速度传感器布点方案进行了研究;最后结合该桥的实际情况,提出了加速度传感器优化布置方案。实时健康监测表明：基于本文的传感器布置方法实时监测能够获得该桥梁前10阶振型,可满足桥梁长期监测的需要。 相似文献
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本文提出一个通过正交三角分解快速计算有效独立法系数的方法。有效独立法是传感器布设中影响最广泛的一种方法,它使目标模态尽可能线性独立。传统的有效独立法计算需要对信息阵进行特征值分解或者计算矩阵逆,计算量较大。本文在笔者以前得出的有效独立法与模态动能法关系的基础上,提出先通过对模态矩阵进行正交三角分解（QR）,然后比较其行范数即可得到有效独立法的系数,进而对各待选传感器位置进行排序并迭代依次删除。在待选传感器位置比感兴趣的模态数较多时,该法的计算效率明显提高。同时,采用正交三角分解删除一行后的更新算法,进一步提高了迭代计算的效率。最后通过I-40桥的算例表明该法的有效性。 相似文献
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井孔水温对远场巨震同震响应及其机制的数模研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
热量的流动必然伴随着温度的改变, 地震活动期间的井孔水温同震响应也服从热力学的基本规律。 本文以汶川8.0级地震和日本9.0级地震为例, 以海口ZK26井水温同震响应的观测数据为基础, 运用热力学传导方程的数值模拟方法, 研究了同震响应过程中井孔水温度变化与热量传导之间的关系及相关的热力学机制问题.通过正演的方法, 得出沿井深方向不同时刻水温同震响应变化的数值模拟曲线, 水温数值模拟曲线与实际测量数据一致. 研究结果表明, 井孔中水温同震响应方式(上升、 下降或不变), 与水温传感器的位置、 热源的位置和分布、 传感器与热源之间的相对空间等因素有关。 相似文献
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The optimal design and placement of controllers at discrete locations is an important problem that will have impact on the control of civil engineering structures. Though algorithms exist for the placement of sensor/actuator systems on continuous structures, the placement of controllers on discrete civil structures is a very difficult problem. Because of the nature of civil structures, it is not possible to place sensors and actuators at any location in the structure. This usually creates a non‐linear constrained mixed integer problem that can be very difficult to solve. Using genetic algorithms in conjunction with gradient‐based optimization techniques will allow for the simultaneous placement and design of an effective structural control system. The introduction of algorithms based on genetic search procedures should increase the rate of convergence and thus reduce the computational time for solving the difficult control problem. The newly proposed method of simultaneously placing sensors/actuators will be compared to a commonly used method of sensors/actuators placement where sensors/actuators are placed sequentially. The savings in terms of energy requirements and cost will be discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Sergio Zubelzu Leonor Rodríguez-Sinobas Daniel Segovia-Cardozo Andrés Díez-Herrero 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(5):800-812
ABSTRACTA novel methodology for the optimal placement of sensors in watercourses is presented. The methodology aimed at finding the optimal locations for the placement of sensors to maximize the amount of information to monitor flow and velocity in watercourses. The methodology is based on the maximization of the Gram determinant of the sensor responses at each possible location or a combination of locations. Two illustrative examples are presented wherein locations for one- and two-sensor cases for the velocity and flow monitoring of the Venero Claro River Basin, Spain, are selected. The kinematic wave method was used to evaluate the sensor response at every possible location. The results confirm the suitability of this methodology for finding the optimal locations for sensors to monitor flow or velocity in watercourses. 相似文献
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Estimation of lateral displacement and acceleration responses is essential to assess safety and serviceability of high-rise buildings under dynamic loadings including earthquake excitations. However, the measurement information from the limited number of sensors installed in a building structure is often insufficient for the complete structural performance assessment. An integrated multi-type sensor placement and response reconstruction method has thus been proposed by the authors to tackle this problem. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, an experimental investigation using a cantilever beam with multi-type sensors is performed and reported in this paper. The experimental setup is first introduced. The finite element modelling and model updating of the cantilever beam are then performed. The optimal sensor placement for the best response reconstruction is determined by the proposed method based on the updated FE model of the beam. After the sensors are installed on the physical cantilever beam, a number of experiments are carried out. The responses at key locations are reconstructed and compared with the measured ones. The reconstructed responses achieve a good match with the measured ones, manifesting the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Besides, the proposed method is also examined for the cases of different excitations and unknown excitation, and the results prove the proposed method to be robust and effective. The superiority of the optimized sensor placement scheme is finally demonstrated through comparison with two other different sensor placement schemes: the accelerometer-only scheme and non-optimal sensor placement scheme. The proposed method can be applied to high-rise buildings for seismic performance assessment. 相似文献
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Efficient Bayesian sensor placement algorithm for structural identification: a general approach for multi‐type sensory systems 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this paper, a Bayesian sequential sensor placement algorithm, based on the robust information entropy, is proposed for multi‐type of sensors. The presented methodology has two salient features. It is a holistic approach such that the overall performance of various types of sensors at different locations is assessed. Therefore, it provides a rational and effective strategy to design the sensor configuration, which optimizes the use of various available resources. This sequential algorithm is very efficient due to its Bayesian nature, in which prior distribution can be incorporated. Therefore, it avoids the possible unidentifiability problem encountered in a sequential process, which starts with small number of sensors. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated using a shear building and a lattice tower with consideration of up to four types of sensors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Structural identification with incomplete output‐only data and independence of measured information for shear‐type systems 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Structural identification is the inverse problem of estimating physical parameters of a structural system from its vibration response measurements. Incomplete instrumentation and ambient vibration testing generally result in incomplete and arbitrarily normalized measured modal information, often leading to an ill‐conditioned inverse problem and non‐unique identification results. The identifiability of any parameter set of interest depends on the amount of independent available information. In this paper, we consider the identifiability of the mass and stiffness parameters of shear‐type systems in output‐only situations with incomplete instrumentation. A mode shape expansion‐cum‐mass normalization approach is presented to obtain the complete mass normalized mode shape matrix, starting from the incomplete non‐normalized modes identified using any operational modal analysis technique. An analysis is presented to determine the minimum independent information carried by any given sensor set‐up. This is used to determine the minimum necessary number and location of sensors from the point of view of minimum necessary information for identification. The different theoretical discussions are illustrated using numerical simulations and shake table experiments. It is shown that the proposed identification algorithm is able to obtain reliably accurate physical parameter estimates under the constraints of minimal instrumentation, minimal a priori information, and unmeasured input. The sensor placement rules can be used in experiment design to determine the necessary number and location of sensors on the monitored system. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于神经网络的大型空间网架结构的有限元模型修正 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文提出了依据神经网络方法完成大型空间网架结构节点固结系数的识别，实现空间网架结构有限元模型修正的方法。文中，通过有效独立法优化配置有限数量传感器的安放位置。在此基础上，利用从优化位置处的结构时程响应中获取的结构自振频率和局部位移模态信息，本文建立了基于径向基神经网络的空间网架结构有限元模型修正的计算方法。数值仿真的计算结果表明，该方法能有效地用于空间网架结构的有限元模型修正。 相似文献
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土木工程结构安全性评估、健康监测及诊断述评 总被引：106，自引：6，他引：106
阐述了土木工程结构的安全性评估、健康监测及损伤诊断的必要性和迫切性，系统论述了结构健康监测和诊断的概念、理论和方法，重点讨论了传感器的优化布置、损伤识别等健康监测中的关键问题，介绍了光纤等新型传感器的应用情况，最后指出了值得进一步研究的问题。 相似文献
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地热井的观测规范要求尽可能将水温传感器放置在井下深处, 一般放置深度应当大于100 m, 小于200 m。 然而, 近几年的观测结果表明, 水温传感器的放置深度对水温动态特征的影响较大。 在多数观测井中, 同井水温与水位的时值动态、 潮汐效应、 同震响应及震后阶变等动态特征的相关性或一致性, 多与水温传感器的放置深度有关。 本文主要探讨了传感器放置深度对水温动态特征的影响, 水温传感器放置在观测含水层中, 都受井—含水层间水流运动的影响, 会造成水温动态随井水位变化而变化; 当放置在观测含水层下部时, 水温动态则不受井水位变化的影响, 多表现为动态相对稳定。 其原因是水温动态的形成受水热动力学与地热动力学两种不同机制的控制, 此外, 井—含水层系统的条件也会产生影响。 相似文献
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基于小波包分解和模糊聚类的网格结构损伤诊断方法 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文针对网格结构的特点,利用其在快速正弦扫频激励下的动力响应,基于小波包分解频带能量分析和模糊聚类法,提出了一种适合于网格结构的损伤诊断方法。利用两个传感器损伤信息的联合诊断,有效地解决了使用一个传感器无法检测出对称损伤的难题。利用有限元模拟,应用上述方法对一单层球面网壳结构进行了损伤诊断。结果表明,对网壳杆件较小程度的损伤,子频带能量成分变化敏感,用其构造诊断向量和建立损伤样本库,并进行模糊聚类和目标识别,基本可以正确地识别出网壳杆件的损伤位置和程度。同时该方法测试时间短,使用设备少,有可靠的理论基础,具有一定的工程应用参考价值。 相似文献
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In experimental modal testing, the measurement locations and the number of measurements have a major influence on the quality of the results. In general, there are several alternative schemes for sensor placement, and the accuracy of the data increases as the number of sensors utilized increases. However, the number of transducers that can be attached to a real structure is limited by economic constraints. Therefore, algorithms that address the issue of limited instrumentation and its effects on resolution and accuracy are important from the standpoint of experimental modal analysis. The authors are particularly interested in structural dynamics based damage evaluation of large structures, and the development and implementation of suitable sensor location algorithms are critical for such a problem. A kinetic energy optimization technique (EOT) has been derived, and numerical issues are addressed and applied to real experimental data obtained from a model of an asymmetric long span bridge. Using experimental data from the bridge model, the algorithm proposed in this paper is compared to Kammer's EIM algorithm, which optimizes the transducer placement for identification and control purposes. 相似文献