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1.
利用TLD减小高柔结构多振型地震反应的研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
本文提出了利多多个调谐液体阻尼器（简称TLDS）减小高柔结构多振型地震反应的方法,给出了TLD的布置方案和计算公式,通过钢框架模拟地震振动台试验和理论分析,验证了本文提出的方法的正确性． 相似文献
2.
M. P. Limongelli 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(7):1055-1074
In this paper, a criterion is proposed for the choice of the optimal location of a limited number of recording sensors for reconstruction of seismic responses of multistorey frames. Reconstruction of unknown responses is performed by modelling through a spline shape function the evolution of the relative acceleration along the height of the building. The coefficients of the spline function are determined by interpolating available responses in terms of absolute accelerations taking into account boundary conditions. The optimal location for a given number of recording sensors is defined as the one corresponding to the minimum value of the global error evaluated on the whole set of reconstructed responses. The criterion has been verified by using simulated responses of numerical models of multistorey frames and responses recorded on real buildings during the Northridge earthquake. A physical characterization of the location of available sensors leading to the minimum global error between calculated and real responses is proposed in terms of effective modal participation factors relevant to the principal modes of the structure. This characterization allows for frames of known modal characteristics the definition of a criterion for the choice of the location of a limited number of sensors for monitoring or vibration control purposes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
磁流变阻尼器在受控结构中的优化布置 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
高层建筑结构中由于地震引起的结构体系的振动是十分严重的,利用磁流变阻尼器进行振动控制的方法可以有效减小体系的振动反应、这种振动控制的效果,不仅取决于阻尼器出力大小和控制算法的优化,也取决于阻尼器在高层结构中的布置位置。首先对近年来出现的许多优化布置方法进行了阐述,论述了这些方法的优缺点,然后选用了一种优化布置方法并结合一个结构体系进行了阻尼器的优化布置研究,最后给出了阻尼器优化布置的几个原则。研究的结果表明通过阻尼器在高层结构中的优化布置可以有效提高振动控制的效果． 相似文献
4.
为开展MEMS型加速度传感器在超高层建筑振动监测应用中的性能对比测试,选取4种不同类型MEMS型加速度传感器与G1B型力平衡式加速度传感器,将其安装在地王大厦相同测点,对MEMS型、G1B型加速度传感器记录的结构环境振动数据进行时程、频谱和模态频率对比分析,并对其记录的结构地震响应进行时域及频域对比。研究结果表明,不同类型MEMS型加速度传感器仪器噪声均大于G1B型加速度传感器,其中MEMS-I型加速度传感器噪声水平相对较小,与G1B型加速度传感器模态频率识别结果及地震响应监测数据吻合较好,验证了MEMS-I型加速度传感器可较准确地记录到结构强振动响应,适用于超高层建筑日常结构振动监测。 相似文献
5.
One widespread problem in damping estimation of high-rise buildings is the neglect of structural modal directions, which may induce beating in measured dynamic responses along building geometric axes and thereby induce errors in damping estimations to some extent. Based on a proposed two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) simulation model, the effects of neglecting the modal directions on damping estimate are systematically investigated. The results show that the angular differences between the modal directions and the building geometric axes, as well as the frequency difference between the involved modes, both have significant effects on the damping estimate of high-rise buildings. This paper proposes a spectral method to determine the modal directions of high-rise buildings and further validate this method by an analysis of full-scale measurements from four skyscrapers. The damping ratios estimated based on the responses along the identified modal directions are more accurate than those based on those measured along the building geometric axes. Furthermore, an empirical prediction model for damping ratio of high-rise buildings with heights over 200 m is proposed based on the field measured damping results of several buildings with consideration of the modal directions. The objective of this study is to improve the accuracy of damping estimation of high-rise buildings and therefore provide useful information for the structural design of future skyscrapers. 相似文献
6.
利用等位移原则估计高层结构的非弹性地震反应(一) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高层建筑非弹性地震反应估计是当前结构抗震研究迫切希望解决的课题。本文概略介绍了常用非弹性地震反应分析方法在高层结构分析中应用的主要问题,从而引出利用等位移原则(对于长周期体系,弹性与非弹性地震位移反应近似相等)进行高层结构非弹性地震反应估计研究的原因,并以长周期单自由度和多自由度体系弹性与非弹性地震反应之间关系的有关研究结果论述了其可行性。 相似文献
7.
Numerous non‐ductile reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with little or no shear reinforcement in beam‐column joints can be found in regions of moderate seismicity. To strengthen such substandard beam‐column joints, this study proposes a method in which RC wing walls are installed beside existing columns, which overcomes the lack of realistic strengthening methods for congested connections in RC buildings. The proposed strengthening mechanism improves the joint moment capacity by utilizing tension and compression acting on the beam–wing wall boundaries; thus, brittle joint hinging failure is prevented. Three 3/4‐scale RC exterior beam‐column joint specimens without shear reinforcement, two of which were strengthened by installing wing walls with different strengthening elements, were fabricated and tested. The test results verified the effectiveness of the proposed strengthening method and the applicability of this method to seismically substandard beam‐column joints. © 2017 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Dynamic responses of two buildings connected by viscoelastic dampers under bidirectional earthquake excitations 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this study,dynamic responses of two buildings connected by viscoelastic dampers under bidirectional excitations are extensively investigated.The two buildings are a 10-story building and a 16-story building,with the shorter building on the left.Viscoelastic dampers are installed at all fl oors of the shorter building.Equations of motion are formulated using a fractional derivative model to represent the viscoelastic dampers.Three cases are considered with mass eccentricities at 0,10% and-10% with respect to the dimensions of the buildings.The responses of the buildings are numerically predicted at different damper properties.The simulation results indicated that the maximum horizontal responses of the buildings without eccentricities are signifi cantly mitigated.However,torsional effects are adversely increased.For asymmetric buildings,the effectiveness of the connecting dampers is affected by building eccentricities.As a result,mass eccentricities must be taken into account in damper selection.When compared with vibrations induced by unidirectional excitations,bidirectional excitations can increase the responses of coupled asymmetric buildings.In addition,installing dampers only at the top fl oor of the shorter building may cause a sudden change in lateral stiffness of the taller building.Consequently,the story shear envelopes of the taller building are changed. 相似文献
9.
Human perception to tremors during earthquakes in high-rise buildings is usually associated with psychological discomfort such as fear and anxiety. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the level of perception to tremors for occupants living in high-rise buildings subjected to ground motion excitations. Unlike other approaches based on empirical or historical data, the proposed methodology performs a regression analysis using the analytical results of two generic models of 15 and 30 stories. The recorded ground motions in Singapore are collected and modified for structural response analyses. Simple predictive models are then developed to estimate the perception level to tremors based on a proposed ground motion intensity parameter—the average response spectrum intensity in the period range between 0.1 and 2.0 s. These models can be used to predict the percentage of occupants in high-rise buildings who may perceive the tremors at a given ground motion intensity. Furthermore, the models are validated with two recent tremor events reportedly felt in Singapore. It is found that the estimated results match reasonably well with the reports in the local newspapers and from the authorities. The proposed methodology is applicable to urban regions where people living in high-rise buildings might feel tremors during earthquakes. 相似文献
10.
This paper analyzes the soil–structure interaction (SSI) effect on vibration control effectiveness of active tendon systems for an irregular building, modeled as a torsionally coupled (TC) structure, subjected to base excitations such as those induced by earthquakes. An H∞ direct output feedback control algorithm through minimizing the entropy, a performance index measuring the trade-off between H∞ optimality and H2 optimality, is implemented to reduce the seismic responses of TC structures. The control forces are calculated directly from the multiplication of the output measurements by a pre-calculated frequency-independent and time-invariant feedback gain matrix, which is obtained based on a fixed-base model. Numerical simulation results show that the required numbers of sensors, controllers and their installation locations depend highly on the degree of floor eccentricity. For a large two-way eccentric building, a one-way active tendon system placed in one of two frames farthest away from the center of resistance (C.R.) can reduce both translational and torsional responses. The SSI effect is governed by the slenderness ratio of superstructure and by the stiffness ratio of soil to superstructure. When the SSI effect is significant, the proposed control system can still reduce the structural responses, however, with less effectiveness than that of the assumed fixed-base model. Therefore, the TC and SSI effects should be considered in the design of active control devices, especially for high-rise buildings located on soft site. 相似文献
11.
In this work we present and discuss the results of ambient seismic noise analyses computed at four sites where seismic stations,
managed by the INGV (Italian Institute for Geophysics and Vulcanology) and the DPC (Italian Department of Civil Protection), are installed inside buildings. The experiments were performed considering different types of installation: sensor located
at the bottom of a school, directly installed on rock (case 1); sensor located at the bottom of a medieval fortress, built
on an isolate hill, directly installed on rock (case 2); sensor installed on the foundations of a medieval fortress, built
on an isolate hill (case 3); sensor installed on the foundations of a school, built on alluvial deposits (case 4). Since recent
works proposed the use of spectral ratio techniques to study the dynamic characterization of buildings, ambient seismic-noise
measurements were performed for each site close to the stations (at the base of the structures), at the top of the structures
and outside the buildings. In order to check the source of vibrations both horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVNR) and
standard spectral ratio (SSR) techniques were applied. For all stations the results from ambient seismic noise were compared
to those obtained from earthquakes (HVSR). In order to detect preferential directions of amplification, for each site average
HVNRs and HVSRs were computed considering one azimuth for each set of 5°. We obtain different results for different types
of installation: in cases 1 and 2, where the sensors are directly installed on rock, the vibrations of the structure do not
affect the noise measures performed close to the stations, which show flat HVNR in the whole frequency range: in both cases
the eigenfrequency of the building is given by the HVNR calculated from the measures performed at the top of the structure.
In cases 3 and 4, where the sensors are installed on the foundations of the considered structures, both the amplification
peaks between 5 and 9 Hz (case 3) and between 5.5 and 7 Hz (case 4) include the contribution of the free oscillations of the
buildings. In particular, in case 4, HVNRs performed outside building highlight possible soil–structure resonance effects
in case of an earthquake. 相似文献
12.
Naoki Niwa Takuji Kobori Motoichi Takahashi Tomohiko Hatada Haruhiko Kurino Jun Tagami 《地震工程与结构动力学》1995,24(5):655-671
This paper describes a feasibility study on a high-damping device (HiDAM) installed in a building structure by way of a bracing mechanism. A seismic response analysis with respect to a high-rise building approximately 100 m high is reported. Proper adjustment of the damping coefficient of the HiDAM (oil damper) provided an over all damping factor of about 10–20 per cent to the building structure, and reductions in the response, deformation and shear forces were verified analytically. This paper reports also the performance confirmation tests conducted on a model device of the HiDAM which satisfied the specifications determined from the analytical results. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of the HiDAM and the possibility of utilizing it in high-rise buildings. 相似文献
13.
利用工业CT进行无损检测时,由于实际X射线源的宽能谱特性,目前现有的大部分重建算法得到的图像含有射束硬化伪影。射束硬化伪影降低了图像的质量,影响了CT图像应用,如CT图像诊断等。本文提出一种基于深度学习的减少硬化伪影的方法,用大量含有硬化伪影的断层图像作为输入,用相应的在固定能量下重建的不含硬化伪影的图像作为输出来训练卷积神经网络。通过建立含有硬化伪影的断层图像与不含硬化伪影的断层图像之间的映射关系,来抑制硬化伪影。实验结果证明了本文所提方法在降低CT图像硬化伪影上的有效性。 相似文献
14.
利用等位移原则估计高层结构的非弹性地震反应(二) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过高层结构弹性和非弹性地震时程反应分析,研究了两者的位移反应关系。结果表明：结构在不同地震作用下非弹性总位移角反应的平均值与弹性反应十分接近,基本符合等位移原则,可以用后者分析结果直接估计前者;结构最大层间位移角反应的平均值在弱和中等非线性阶段亦与弹性反应十分接近,在强非线性阶段则大于弹性反应,经数据拟合,初步提供了一个在此阶段由弹性最大层间位移角反应估计非弹性反应的近似公式。 相似文献
15.
传统的静力弹塑性分析方法对强震作用下的高层建筑的横向晃动反应过程模拟时,存在计算结果不准确、计算用时较长的问题。提出新的强震下高层建筑横向晃动反应过程模拟分析方法,其基于直接积分法的三种方法实施模拟分析。分别是隐式方法、显式方法以及KK模型方法。其中隐式方法和显式方法均能够对不同自由度下的高层建筑的横向晃动位移作出准确的计算,KK模型通过高层建筑Von Mises屈服面,分析高层建筑钢材Bauschinger反应基础上,精确模拟出高层建筑在横向晃动反应中的变形过程。实验结果说明,所提方法对强震作用下的高层建筑的横向晃动反应的运算准确率和效率较高。 相似文献
16.
钢框架高层建筑结构是当前高层建筑设计中使用最为广泛的技术,为提升其抗震性能,本文研究将调谐质量阻尼器安装在钢框架高层建筑结构顶部,考虑到建筑空间需求、防止集中荷载和提升控制效果等因素,在相同楼层或同顶部接近楼层中设置数个较小的、频率一致的子控制装置,通过设置调谐质量阻尼器受控结构等效阻尼比求极值的方法,获取最优刚度与最优阻尼系数;将获取的结果在有限元软件中进行模态分析获取模态质量,实现钢框架高层建筑结构扭转振动的减振控制。实验结果表明,地震荷载下,该方法使得建筑结构顶层角位移峰值和角加速度峰值分别降低50%和30%左右,建筑结构响应下降19%～26%,提高了高层建筑结构的稳定性。 相似文献
17.
Sergio Zubelzu Leonor Rodríguez-Sinobas Daniel Segovia-Cardozo Andrés Díez-Herrero 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(5):800-812
ABSTRACTA novel methodology for the optimal placement of sensors in watercourses is presented. The methodology aimed at finding the optimal locations for the placement of sensors to maximize the amount of information to monitor flow and velocity in watercourses. The methodology is based on the maximization of the Gram determinant of the sensor responses at each possible location or a combination of locations. Two illustrative examples are presented wherein locations for one- and two-sensor cases for the velocity and flow monitoring of the Venero Claro River Basin, Spain, are selected. The kinematic wave method was used to evaluate the sensor response at every possible location. The results confirm the suitability of this methodology for finding the optimal locations for sensors to monitor flow or velocity in watercourses. 相似文献
18.
Suboptimal Rayleigh damping coefficients in seismic analysis of viscously-damped structures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An optimization method for the consistent evaluation of two Rayleigh damping coefficients is proposed. By minimizing an objective function such as an error term of the peak displacement of a structure, the two coefficients can be determined with response spectral analysis. The optimization method degenerates into the conventional method used in current practices when only two modes of vibration are included in the objective function. Therefore, the proposed method with all significant modes included for simplicity in practical applications results in suboptimal damping coefficients. The effects of both spatial distribution and frequency content of excitations as well as structural dynamic characteristics on the evaluation of Rayleigh damping coefficients were investigated with a five-story building structure. Two application examples with a 62-story high-rise building and a 840 m long cable-stayed bridge under ten earthquake excitations demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method to account for all of the above effects. 相似文献
19.
为了解决现有震后重建民用建筑碳排放监测方法未考虑节能减排条件与计算碳排放系数,导致监测结果不准确与监测效率低的问题,提出了一种新的震后恢复重建民用建筑考虑碳排放的研究与监测方法。首先针对碳排放研究的基础进行详细阐述,根据国际碳排放标准开展研究;其次采用排放系数方法,完成建筑碳排放数据采集。具体以建筑使用阶段碳排放的边界条件为基础,确定碳排放边界条件,对震后重建民用建筑全生命周期碳排放进行计算,完成震后建筑碳排放量的实时监测。结果表明：提出的震后建筑碳排放量实时监测方法,能有效的对震后建筑的碳排放量进行实时监测,且具有较高的监测效率。 相似文献
20.
提出基于构件性能的混凝土高层建筑结构地震破坏抗毁能力评估方法,采用强度与延性法分析混凝土高层建筑构件强度和变形,以对强震作用下混凝土高层建筑结构性能实施准确描述。基于建筑结构性能以及多条地震波情况下高层建筑结构倒塌极限状态的分析规范,采用IDA方法设置建筑结构抗倒塌能力系数,并依据该系数获取基于构件性能的混凝土高层建筑结构地震破坏抗毁能力评估流程,实现建筑结构地震破坏抗毁能力的准确评估。实验结果说明,所提方法实现了混凝土高层建筑结构地震破坏抗毁能力的准确评估。 相似文献