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1.
The present study describes the important factors (period, duration, and intensity) involved in evaluating input ground motion
and structural response for the design of long-period structures such as high-rise buildings and base-isolated buildings.
First, the fundamental dynamic properties of high-rise buildings are explained based on the results of newly introduced vibration
observations programs. Next, the distribution of the predominant period and duration of seismic ground motion within the Nobi
Plain, one of the largest sedimentary plains in Japan, is discussed with respect to the possibility of resonance of long-period
structures. Finally, we introduce a recently developed long-stroke shaking table that is intended to convince structural engineers
and building owners to take adequate countermeasures against large floor response in high-rise buildings because of resonance.
Presented at the International Workshop on Long-Period Ground Motion Simulation and Velocity Structures Earthquake Research
Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, November 14–15, 2006. 相似文献
2.
合理的地震动强度指标是预测和评价结构抗震响应的重要基础。选取24个周期点的单自由度体系和一个高层框架核心筒长周期结构,基于不同震源机制的100条地震动记录时程分析结果,研究16种地震动强度指标与结构地震响应的相关性,并提出考虑高阶振型影响的改进反应谱相关型地震动强度指标。研究表明：（1）不同地震动强度指标与结构地震响应的相关性差别较大,随着单自由度体系自振周期的增大,地震动强度指标与单自由度体系地震响应的相关性大致呈减小的趋势;（2）对于高层长周期结构,综合对比分析各地震动强度指标分别与顶点最大位移、最大基底剪力、最大层间位移的相关性,从工程实用角度出发,推荐地面运动峰值速度为最佳地震动强度指标;（3）由于高层长周期结构受高阶振型影响显著,采用含有高阶振型因素的反应谱强度指标可提高与结构地震响应的相关性。 相似文献
3.
A spectral-velocity-based combination-type ground motion intensity measure (IM), which is inspired by the superior sensitivity of spectral velocity to structural response compared with other two spectral quantities, is proposed for super high-rise building structures with the consideration of the characteristics of ground motions and structures themselves. Two super high-rise buildings with typical frame/core-tube/outrigger lateral resisting system and a wide range of structural height (H = 258 m~660 m) are deliberately selected to identify the correlation between the maximum inter-story drift ratio and nineteen IMs developed in recent decade together with the proposed IM, with sixty chosen far-field and near-field pulse-like ground motions. With the suggested optimal number of lower vibration modes and corresponding combination factors, the efficiency, sufficiency and the scaling robustness of the proposed IM is further demonstrated. In addition, the relative sufficiency measures of other IMs with respect to the proposed IM are investigated. The results from the study indicate that, the proposed IM is believed, from the standpoint of efficiency, sufficiency, relative sufficiency measure and scaling robustness, to be a more specialized and desirable tool for super high-rise buildings, either for far-field or near-field ground motions. 相似文献
4.
为了研究地震时地面运动加速度作用下高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构的局部抗震性能，针对高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构进行局部抗震性试验分析。采用有限元软件对某高层房屋建筑深基坑工程进行分析，构建高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构有限元计算模型。利用地震模拟振动台，分别输入0.4g、0.5g、0.6g的地震时地面运动加速度，测试不同深基坑施工阶段和插入比地下连续墙深基坑支护承压结构的抗震性能，并研究不同地震烈度对深基坑支护承压结构位移的影响。通过振型分解反应谱法，获取高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构位移以及加速度响应，实现高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构局部抗震性能测试。试验结果表明，高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构的抗震稳定性与深基坑开挖深度、插入比和地震烈度有关。其中，深基坑开挖深度和地震烈度与高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构的抗震稳定性成反比，而插入比与高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构的抗震稳定性成正比，且能够有效提高高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构的抗震性能。 相似文献
5.
In the last decade, two tall buildings in Singapore were instrumented with accelerometers and anemometers for the original purpose of identifying the characteristics and effects of wind loading. During the monitoring it became clear that the largest acceleration responses should result from ground motions due to earthquakes having magnitudes between 6 and 8 and epicentres at least 350 km distant. The paper describes the strategy for identifying and capturing the signals from distant tremors, which depends on tracking the RMS response levels in the second vibration mode. Characteristics of some recorded signals are given. While response levels are generally small, the frequency content coincides with the range of fundamental mode frequencies for high rise residential buildings. The validity of using a tall building as a ‘weak‐motion’ seismograph is discussed by considering the mode shape of the building and the measured transfer function between basement and roof responses. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
由于承重结构构件分布不均匀,导致高层建筑框架承重构件间的距离不相等。在地震时,这种不规则分布可能引起加速度共振效应,从而导致建筑失稳。为此,以地震动强度、地震动速度峰值、最大层间位移角为参数指标,分析高层建筑的极限状态,提出基于增量动力地震易损性分析的高层结构抗震加固研究。以某实际工程为试验对象,运用ABAQUS软件构造高层建筑框架结构三维模型,选取多条地震波以及符合场地条件的地震动记录进行验证,绘制地震易损性曲线。结果表明:在高层建筑框架结构中安装阻尼器,可增强结构中各构件的承载力,改善高层建筑抗震性能;增加钢板厚度可提高结构抗震水平,降低极限状态下框架结构IO、LS与CP的超越概率;提高混凝土强度,可改善框架结构抗倒塌性能。高层结构完成抗震加固后,抗震能力由0.91提升至1.01。由此证明,以增量动力分析得到的结构易损性为基础,对建筑易损性较大的地方进行加固、完善,能够改善高层建筑框架结构地震易损性,减少地震灾害损失。 相似文献
7.
Building damage scenarios based on exploitation of Housner intensity derived from finite faults ground motion simulations 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Leonardo Chiauzzi Angelo Masi Marco Mucciarelli Marco Vona Francesca Pacor Giovanna Cultrera Frantisek Gallovič Antonio Emolo 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(2):517-545
In this paper earthquake damage scenarios for residential buildings (about 4200 units) in Potenza (Southern Italy) have been
estimated adopting a novel probabilistic approach that involves complex source models, site effects, building vulnerability
assessment and damage estimation through Damage Probability Matrices. Several causative faults of single seismic events, with
magnitude up to 7, are known to be close to the town. A seismic hazard approach based on finite faults ground motion simulation
techniques has been used to identify the sources producing the maximum expected ground motion at Potenza and to generate a
set of ground motion time histories to be adopted for building damage scenarios. Additionally, site effects, evaluated in
a previous work through amplification factors of Housner intensity, have been combined with the bedrock values provided by
hazard assessment. Furthermore, a new relationship between Housner and EMS-98 macroseismic intensity has been developed. This
relationship has been used to convert the probability mass functions of Housner intensity obtained from synthetic seismograms
amplified by the site effects coefficients into probability mass function of EMS-98 intensity. Finally, the Damage Probability
Matrices have been applied to estimate the damage levels of the residential buildings located in the urban area of Potenza.
The proposed methodology returns the full probabilistic distribution of expected damage, thus avoiding average damage index
or uncertainties expressed in term of dispersion indexes. 相似文献
8.
Although Singapore is located in a low‐seismicity region, huge but infrequent Sumatran subduction earthquakes might pose structural problems to medium‐ and high‐rise buildings in the city. Based on a series of ground motion simulations of potential earthquakes that may affect Singapore, the 1833 Sumatran subduction earthquake (Mw=9.0) has been identified to be the worst‐case scenario earthquake. Bedrock motions in Singapore due to the hypothesized earthquake are simulated using an extended reflectivity method, taking into account uncertainties in source rupture process. Random rupture models, considering the uncertainties in rupture directivity, slip distribution, presence of asperities, rupture velocity and dislocation rise time, are made based on a range of seismologically possible models. The simulated bedrock motions have a very long duration of about 250 s with a predominant period between 1.8 and 2.5 s, which coincides with the natural periods of medium‐ and high‐rise buildings widely found in Singapore. The 90‐percentile horizontal peak ground acceleration is estimated to be 33 gal and the 90‐percentile horizontal spectral acceleration with 5% damping ratio is 100 gal within the predominant period range. The 90‐percentile bedrock motion would generate base shear force higher than that required by the current design code, where seismic design has yet to be considered. This has not taken into account effects of local soil response that might further amplify the bedrock motion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
震后功能恢复能力是指建筑物、社区或城市等遭受地震影响后实现功能恢复的能力。以一钢筋混凝土框架结构为对象,基于OpenSees有限元分析平台,对其进行增量动力分析,得到其对应于不同损伤状态的地震易损性曲线。进而基于单体建筑损失评估理论,评估该结构在不同强度水准地震动作用下的地震损失,包括直接经济损失和间接经济损失等。在此基础上,分别利用直线型、指数型以及三角函数型功能恢复模型,在不同强度水准地震动作用下,分别计算该结构的震后功能恢复能力。结果表明:随着地震动强度的增加,基于3种恢复模型计算得到的震后功能恢复能力都在下降,而且直线型和三角函数型恢复模型得到的恢复能力均比指数型的下降更快;在同一强度水准地震动作用下,基于指数型恢复模型计算得到的震后功能恢复能力均高于直线型和三角函数型恢复模型,即使在较强水准地震动作用下,根据指数型恢复模型得到的恢复能力依然较大。而在各个强度水准地震动作用下,基于直线型和三角函数型恢复模型得到的震后功能恢复能力非常接近。 相似文献
10.
针对钢筋混凝土高层建筑抗震时程分析输入地震波选择问题,以《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB 50011-2016）设计谱为目标谱,将满足谱匹配原则的加权调幅选波方法与国内学者建议的其它输入地震波选择方法进行了对比研究。以3栋钢筋混凝土高层建筑（15层、30层和44层）为实例,针对8度罕遇地震作用和Ⅱ类场地条件,将上述方法建议的各7条地震波输入结构进行弹塑性时程分析。以结构最大层间位移角均值沿楼层分布为比较参数。结果表明:加权调幅法可用于钢筋混凝土高层建筑抗震时程分析,可以较好地降低结构地震反应均值的离散性。在8度罕遇地震作用条件下,以不同学者建议选择的地震波为输入,高层建筑时程分析结果仍呈现出较大的不同。 相似文献
11.
利用TLD减小高柔结构多振型地震反应的研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
本文提出了利多多个调谐液体阻尼器（简称TLDS）减小高柔结构多振型地震反应的方法,给出了TLD的布置方案和计算公式,通过钢框架模拟地震振动台试验和理论分析,验证了本文提出的方法的正确性． 相似文献
12.
高层结构中的填充墙在地震作用下与周围结构构件之间的相互作用十分复杂,对建筑结构的整体抗震性能具有较大影响。然而我国规范在设计阶段通常不考虑填充墙对结构抗震性能的影响,统一采用周期折减系数来考虑其刚度变化引起的内力变化,因此准确评估填充墙对结构抗震性能的影响具有重要意义。本文在对一栋框-剪结构和一栋剪力墙高层建筑进行随机振动测试的基础上,利用Perform-3D对每栋高层分别建立了3种分析模型。其中对未考虑填充墙作用的结构模型,分别采取规范建议值和实测结果值两种方式进行周期折减。对通过添加斜撑单元来考虑填充墙作用的结构模型,利用环境激励测试识别获得的结构模态信息进行模型修正。对该3种模型进行了增量动力分析,探讨潜在危险性水平地震作用下填充墙对高层建筑抗震性能的影响。结果表明,填充墙增加了结构在弹性阶段的整体初始刚度,但随着地震动强度的增加逐渐丧失对结构刚度的贡献作用。相比考虑了填充墙作用的模型计算结果,规范建议的周期折减系数较为保守。同时研究发现,填充墙对高层框-剪结构的影响程度要比剪力墙结构大。 相似文献
13.
Zbigniew Zembaty 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(5):1403-1416
Usually rockbursts from underground mining induce minor quakes of MM intensity up to V. Sometimes however the surface tremors
reach level of MM epicentral intensity I
0 = VI to VIII. Since a fast industrial development often takes place in the mining areas then some seismic design rules for
new buildings are needed. The main obstacle is then lack of respective design response spectrum and an unclear definition
of the level of design acceleration to apply. Particularly the latter one is difficult to overcome because the rockburst ground
motion records differ from natural earthquakes when it comes to their spectral properties as well as return periods. This
paper presents a method how to rationally define the design acceleration so that a seismic code, e,g, Eurocode 8, can be applied
in practical design procedures in the mining areas. 相似文献
14.
As part of the effort to assess the seismic hazards of Singapore and the Malay Peninsula, representative ground motion prediction models have to be established. Seven existing attenuation relationships developed for shallow crustal earthquakes in stable continent and active tectonic regions are examined, and they are found to consistently over‐predict the ground motions of Sumatran‐fault earthquakes recently recorded in Singapore. This may be attributed to the differences in the regional crustal structures and distance ranges considered. Since the number of recorded ground motions in the region is very limited, a new set of attenuation relationships is derived based on synthetic seismograms. The uncertainties in rupture parameters, such as stress drop, focal depth, dip and rake angles, are defined according to the regional geological and tectonic settings as well as the ruptures of previous earthquakes. Ground motions are simulated for earthquakes with Mw ranging from 4.0 to 8.0, within a distance range from 174 to 1379km. Besides magnitude and distance, source‐to‐station azimuth is found to influence the amplitudes of the ground motions simulated. Thus, the azimuth is taken as an independent variable in the derived ground motion attenuation relationships. The Sumatran‐fault segments that have the potential to generate a specified level of response spectral accelerations in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur are identified based on the newly derived ground motion models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
传统的静力弹塑性分析方法对强震作用下的高层建筑的横向晃动反应过程模拟时,存在计算结果不准确、计算用时较长的问题。提出新的强震下高层建筑横向晃动反应过程模拟分析方法,其基于直接积分法的三种方法实施模拟分析。分别是隐式方法、显式方法以及KK模型方法。其中隐式方法和显式方法均能够对不同自由度下的高层建筑的横向晃动位移作出准确的计算,KK模型通过高层建筑Von Mises屈服面,分析高层建筑钢材Bauschinger反应基础上,精确模拟出高层建筑在横向晃动反应中的变形过程。实验结果说明,所提方法对强震作用下的高层建筑的横向晃动反应的运算准确率和效率较高。 相似文献
16.
The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and response of high-rise buildings under long-period ground motions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I. Takewaki S. MurakamiK. Fujita S. YoshitomiM. Tsuji 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011
In the afternoon of March 11, 2011, the eastern Japan was severely attacked by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake (the Great East Japan earthquake). Nearly 30,000 people were killed or are still missing by that earthquake and the ensuing monster tsunami as of April 11, 2011. This paper reports some aspects of this devastating earthquake which hit an advanced country in seismic resistant design. It has been reported that long-period ground motions were induced in Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka. The properties of these long-period ground motions are discussed from the viewpoint of critical excitation and the seismic behavior of two steel buildings of 40 and 60 stories subjected to the long-period ground motion recorded at Shinjuku, Tokyo is determined and discussed. This paper also reports the effectiveness of visco-elastic dampers like high-hardness rubber dampers in the reduction of responses of super high-rise buildings subjected to such long-period ground motions. The response reduction rate is investigated in detail in addition to the maximum response reduction. In December 2010 before this earthquake, simulated long-period ground motions for earthquake resistant design of high-rise buildings were provided in three large cities in Japan (Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka) and nine areas were classified. Two 40-story steel buildings (slightly flexible and stiff) are subjected to these long-period ground motions in those nine areas for the detailed investigation of response characteristics of super high-rise buildings in various areas. 相似文献
17.
Influence of earthquake ground‐motion duration on damage estimation: application to steel moment resisting frames 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents an analytical study evaluating the influence of ground motion duration on structural damage of 3‐story, 9‐story, and 20‐story SAC steel moment resisting frame buildings designed for downtown Seattle, WA, USA, using pre‐Northridge codes. Two‐dimensional nonlinear finite element models of the buildings are used to estimate the damage induced by the ground motions. A set of 44 ground motions is used to study the combined effect of spectral acceleration and ground motion significant duration on drift and damage measures. In addition, 10 spectrally equivalent short‐duration shallow crustal ground motions and long‐duration subduction zone records are selected to isolate duration effect and assess its effect on the response. For each ground motion pair, incremental dynamic analyses are performed at at least 20 intensity levels and response measures such as peak interstory drift ratio and energy dissipated are tracked. These response measures are combined into two damage metrics that account for the ductility and energy dissipation. Results indicate that the duration of the ground motion influences, above all, the combined damage measures, although some effect on drift‐based response measures is also observed for larger levels of drift. These results indicate that because the current assessment methodologies do not capture the effects of ground motion duration, both performance‐based and code‐based assessment methodologies should be revised to consider damage measures that are sensitive to duration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献
18.
研究了具有不同自振特性的建筑结构在近断层速度脉冲型及非速度脉冲型地震动作用下的结构层间变形分布,揭示了近断层速度脉冲对工程结构地震响应的特殊影响. 从汶川MS8.0地震近断层强震记录中选取两组典型速度脉冲型记录和非脉冲型记录, 根据确定的目标地震动强度水平,利用时域叠加小波函数法对选择的强震记录进行调整, 使之与目标地震动水平对应的加速度反应谱保持一致, 以此作为结构地震反应分析的地震动输入. 选取具有不同自振特征的3层、11层和20层典型钢筋混凝土框架结构, 建立有限元分析模型, 分别计算在速度脉冲型与非速度脉冲型记录作用下这些结构层间变形分布. 研究表明,速度脉冲型记录与非速度脉冲型记录作用下结构层间变形有明显差异, 且与结构自振特征有关.就低层结构的层间变形而言, 非速度脉冲型记录的影响较速度脉冲型记录的影响大. 随着结构自振周期的增加, 高阶振型的影响更加明显. 与非速度脉冲型记录相比,速度脉冲型记录的结构层间位移反应中值及离散程度较大. 速度脉冲型记录更容易激发高层结构的高阶振型, 产生较大的层间位移反应. 非速度脉冲型记录对中低层结构层间变形影响较大.因此, 在开展近断层结构地震影响评价时, 应考虑近断层速度脉冲的影响. 相似文献
19.
Xavier Romão João Guedes Aníbal Costa Raimundo Delgado 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(2):309-333
Probabilistic seismic assessment requires extensive computational effort resulting from variability both in input ground motions
and mechanical properties. Nonetheless, such methodologies are of considerable importance, namely for pre-earthquake disaster
planning or development of retrofitting programs. A framework for the analytical definition of closed form expressions for
exceedance probabilities of structural component limit states, defined by limit values of structural response parameters,
is proposed herein. The definition of these expressions is based on the probabilistic representation of the ground motion
intensity and on the establishment of suitable expressions characterizing the evolution of structural demand with increasing
earthquake intensity. Distinction is made between deformation-based and force-based structural parameters in the definition
of such relations. Within the proposed framework, the limit states are defined by single deterministic thresholds of structural
response quantities at the component level, as defined in structural codes. Different approaches are also discussed to account
for the randomness of the mechanical properties and ground motion input within the proposed methodology. An application of
the assessment of different limit state probabilities of members from a reinforced concrete building is presented, for which
limit states and limit state capacities are defined according to the upcoming Part 3 of the Eurocode 8. Although the presented
application only deals with member chord rotation and shear force limit state probabilities, the proposed methodology can
be generalized to other deformation-based and force-based structural parameters. 相似文献
20.
This paper presents site-specific and spatially-distributed ground-motion intensity estimates which have been utilized in the aftermath of the 2010–2011 Canterbury, New Zealand earthquakes. The methodology underpinning the ground motion intensity estimation makes use of both prediction models for ground motion intensity and its within-event spatial correlation. A key benefit of the methodology is that the estimated ground motion intensity at a given location is not a single value but a distribution of values. The distribution is comprised of both a mean and standard deviation, with the standard deviation being a function of the distance to nearby observations at strong motion stations.The methodology is illustrated for two applications. Firstly, maps of conditional peak ground acceleration (PGA) have been developed for the major events in the Canterbury earthquake sequence, which among other things, have been utilized for assessing liquefaction triggering susceptibility of land in residential areas. Secondly, the conditional distribution of response spectral ordinates is obtained at the location of the Canterbury Television building (CTV), which catastrophically collapsed in the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The conditional response spectra provide insight for the selection of ground motion records for use in forensic seismic response analyses of important structures at locations where direct recordings are absent. 相似文献