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1.
The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and response of high-rise buildings under long-period ground motions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I. Takewaki S. MurakamiK. Fujita S. YoshitomiM. Tsuji 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011
In the afternoon of March 11, 2011, the eastern Japan was severely attacked by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake (the Great East Japan earthquake). Nearly 30,000 people were killed or are still missing by that earthquake and the ensuing monster tsunami as of April 11, 2011. This paper reports some aspects of this devastating earthquake which hit an advanced country in seismic resistant design. It has been reported that long-period ground motions were induced in Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka. The properties of these long-period ground motions are discussed from the viewpoint of critical excitation and the seismic behavior of two steel buildings of 40 and 60 stories subjected to the long-period ground motion recorded at Shinjuku, Tokyo is determined and discussed. This paper also reports the effectiveness of visco-elastic dampers like high-hardness rubber dampers in the reduction of responses of super high-rise buildings subjected to such long-period ground motions. The response reduction rate is investigated in detail in addition to the maximum response reduction. In December 2010 before this earthquake, simulated long-period ground motions for earthquake resistant design of high-rise buildings were provided in three large cities in Japan (Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka) and nine areas were classified. Two 40-story steel buildings (slightly flexible and stiff) are subjected to these long-period ground motions in those nine areas for the detailed investigation of response characteristics of super high-rise buildings in various areas. 相似文献
2.
A series of relatively long-period velocity pulses appearing in the later part of ground motion, which is the characterization of far-source long-period ground motions in basin (“long-period ground motion” for short), is mainly influenced by focal mechanism, basin effect, and dispersion. It was supposed that the successive low-frequency velocity pulses in long-period ground motion caused the resonance of long-period structures in basin, which are of special concern to designers of super high-rise buildings. The authors proposed a wavelet-based successive frequency-dependent pulse extraction (WSFPE) method to identify and extract these pulses with dominant period of interest from long-period ground motions. The pulses extracted by using two frequently used methods (zero-crossing analysis, empirical mode decomposition) were compared to the pulses extracted by using WSFPE. The results demonstrate that the WSFPE provides higher resolution in time–frequency domain than the other two methods do. The velocity pulses extracted by using WSFPE are responsible for the resonance and maximum response of structure subjected to long-period ground motions. WSFPE can be used to make a better understanding of long-period ground motions and to promote the formation of long-period ground motion model which will help the seismic design of long-period structures built in sedimentary basin. 相似文献
3.
合理的地震动强度指标是预测和评价结构抗震响应的重要基础。选取24个周期点的单自由度体系和一个高层框架核心筒长周期结构,基于不同震源机制的100条地震动记录时程分析结果,研究16种地震动强度指标与结构地震响应的相关性,并提出考虑高阶振型影响的改进反应谱相关型地震动强度指标。研究表明：（1）不同地震动强度指标与结构地震响应的相关性差别较大,随着单自由度体系自振周期的增大,地震动强度指标与单自由度体系地震响应的相关性大致呈减小的趋势;（2）对于高层长周期结构,综合对比分析各地震动强度指标分别与顶点最大位移、最大基底剪力、最大层间位移的相关性,从工程实用角度出发,推荐地面运动峰值速度为最佳地震动强度指标;（3）由于高层长周期结构受高阶振型影响显著,采用含有高阶振型因素的反应谱强度指标可提高与结构地震响应的相关性。 相似文献
4.
汶川地震黄土地区强地震动加速度峰值（PGA）较小,然而震害却较为严重,局部场地震害和地震动放大效应显著。选取四川、甘肃及宁夏境内的部分强震动记录,探讨传播距离和场地条件对地震动的影响规律,重点研究黄土地区地震动幅值、频谱、持时特征以及对建筑结构的潜在影响,从地震动特征角度分析该地区震害相对较重的原因。结果表明:汶川地震黄土地区地震动速度峰值较大,地震动中频分量和中长周期成分较为突出;黄土地区自振周期为0.3~1s以及3~4s（尤其是此周期内30~40层）的结构物地震反应将显著放大;设计地震分组为第三组的Ⅲ类黄土场地,加速度反应谱拟合曲线在周期1~3.5s谱值明显高于规范设计谱;黄土场地地表地震动拥有更长持时。 相似文献
5.
隔震结构具有较长自振周期,且容易受地震动长周期特性的影响,因此其在长周期地震动作用下的抗震性能值得研究。以某基于规范设计的基础隔震结构为例,通过对该结构在规范规定地震作用和远场长周期地震作用下的地震响应进行分析和对比,研究长周期地震动对结构地震响应的影响;通过对钢筋和混凝土的损伤状态进行定义和标识,探讨长周期地震作用下基础隔震结构的损伤分布规律。研究结果表明,长周期地震动作用下隔震结构发生破坏的概率远大于具有相同峰值地面加速度的普通地震动,其中长周期地震动反应谱的谱峰值"后移"被认为是造成这种情况的主要原因,且长周期地震动作用下隔震结构的损伤分布并不均匀,其主要集中在结构的底层。 相似文献
6.
作为一种特殊的地震动,长周期地震动对结构的危害已引起国内外学者的关注。选取10条KiK-net、K-NET台网中典型的长周期地震动,以及10条国内外的短周期地震动,对比分析两者时程特征和反应谱特征的差异。将所选长、短周期地震动输入钢框架结构模型;通过非线性时程分析,研究钢框架结构在长、短周期地震动作用下的响应差异。结果表明：短周期地震动的平均地面峰值加速度是长周期地震动的3.26倍,而平均地面峰值位移比长周期地震动低10.89%;短周期地震动作用下,钢框架结构顶点加速度响应平均值是长周期地震动的5.16倍,结构顶点位移响应平均值仅比长周期地震动多0.91%;长周期地震动作用下,钢框架结构层间位移角响应较大,结构底部受影响范围更广。对于长周期地震动隐患地区的高层钢框架结构,应对长、短周期震害分别进行考虑;对于中、长周期钢框架结构,建议选用峰值位移作为抗震分析指标。 相似文献
7.
Human perception to tremors during earthquakes in high-rise buildings is usually associated with psychological discomfort such as fear and anxiety. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the level of perception to tremors for occupants living in high-rise buildings subjected to ground motion excitations. Unlike other approaches based on empirical or historical data, the proposed methodology performs a regression analysis using the analytical results of two generic models of 15 and 30 stories. The recorded ground motions in Singapore are collected and modified for structural response analyses. Simple predictive models are then developed to estimate the perception level to tremors based on a proposed ground motion intensity parameter—the average response spectrum intensity in the period range between 0.1 and 2.0 s. These models can be used to predict the percentage of occupants in high-rise buildings who may perceive the tremors at a given ground motion intensity. Furthermore, the models are validated with two recent tremor events reportedly felt in Singapore. It is found that the estimated results match reasonably well with the reports in the local newspapers and from the authorities. The proposed methodology is applicable to urban regions where people living in high-rise buildings might feel tremors during earthquakes. 相似文献
8.
A seismological overview of long-period ground motion 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Long-period ground motion has become an increasingly important consideration because of the recent rapid increase in the number
of large-scale structures, such as high-rise buildings and oil storage tanks. Large subduction-zone earthquakes and moderate
to large crustal earthquakes can generate far-source long-period ground motions in distant sedimentary basins with the help
of path effects. Near-fault long-period ground motions are generated, for the most part, by the source effects of forward
rupture directivity. Far-source long-period ground motions consist primarily of surface waves with longer durations than near-fault
long-period ground motions. They were first recognized in the seismograms of the 1968 Tokachi-oki and 1966 Parkfield earthquakes,
and their identification has been applied to the 1964 Niigata earthquake and earlier earthquakes. Even if there is no seismogram,
we can identify far-source long-period ground motions through the investigation of tank damage by liquid sloshing. 相似文献
9.
传统高层建筑地震损伤模型不能反映构件极限滞回耗能随累积幅值的改变情况,无法有效确定组合参数,离散性较大。为此,设计一种远场长周期地震下高层建筑的地震损伤模型。针对不同层次高层建筑结构,依据广义力-广义变形曲线,构建变形损伤模型。结合累积能量比、远场长周期地震瞬时输入能比构建能量损伤模型。从变形与能量两方面综合评价损伤,依据钢筋混凝土结构构建最大反应变形与耗损能量的线性组合地震损伤模型,并对其进行改进。实验选用ILA003、ILA048和TCU115三种长周期地震波,计算不同构件和高层建筑结构整体损伤结果,验证所提模型的可靠性。将所提模型应用于实际高层建筑中,发现其实用性强。 相似文献
10.
山地和平原地形在破坏性地震中对震害和地震动有很大影响,不同地形对地震动有不同的地形效应。为研究山地和平原地形对地震动的影响规律,基于集集地震后续M L6.6余震的强震观测记录,对位于不同地形且与震中位于同一直线上的四个强震台记录处理计算,从波形特征、频谱分析、加速度反应谱计算、与规范谱比较等方面进行对比分析,完成长周期地震动反应谱分布的计算。研究表明,山地地形对地震动的高频成分有地形放大效应,沉积平原对地震动的低频长周期部分有放大作用,并且长周期反应谱的峰值区域始终位于沉积平原中部。平原上强震记录产生的长周期放大系数谱已超出规范谱,沉积平原上长周期建筑的抗震设防应引起重视。 相似文献
11.
长周期地震动的频谱特性是影响长周期结构动力响应的重要因素,目前关于其频谱特征周期参数的研究尚有欠缺.根据长周期地震动的界定方法,选取65条远场长周期地震动和50条近场脉冲型地震动,计算各条地震动的10个频谱特征周期参数,通过分析各周期参数与长周期地震动低频特性指标的相关性和离散性,探讨合适的长周期地震动频谱特征周期表征... 相似文献
12.
针对上海及邻近区域划分的46 个潜在震源区,采用概率地震危险性分析方法计算上海中心地区基岩地震动参数,分析对反应谱不同周期起主要影响的潜在震源区,并研究主要潜在震源区对不同周期反应谱的概率贡献。研究结果表明:对于长周期反应谱,远距离高震级潜在震源区概率贡献随着周期的增加而增大,甚至超过场地所在潜在震源区的概率贡献;在上海地区进行长周期项目地震安全性评价中,应充分考虑150 km以外的高震级潜在震源区的影响;对于上海地区的超高层建筑等长周期建筑物而言,长江口、南黄海等地区的地震影响风险较大,郯城地区的地震影响也不容忽视,应引起重视。 相似文献
13.
A spectral-velocity-based combination-type ground motion intensity measure (IM), which is inspired by the superior sensitivity of spectral velocity to structural response compared with other two spectral quantities, is proposed for super high-rise building structures with the consideration of the characteristics of ground motions and structures themselves. Two super high-rise buildings with typical frame/core-tube/outrigger lateral resisting system and a wide range of structural height (H = 258 m~660 m) are deliberately selected to identify the correlation between the maximum inter-story drift ratio and nineteen IMs developed in recent decade together with the proposed IM, with sixty chosen far-field and near-field pulse-like ground motions. With the suggested optimal number of lower vibration modes and corresponding combination factors, the efficiency, sufficiency and the scaling robustness of the proposed IM is further demonstrated. In addition, the relative sufficiency measures of other IMs with respect to the proposed IM are investigated. The results from the study indicate that, the proposed IM is believed, from the standpoint of efficiency, sufficiency, relative sufficiency measure and scaling robustness, to be a more specialized and desirable tool for super high-rise buildings, either for far-field or near-field ground motions. 相似文献
14.
由于承重结构构件分布不均匀,导致高层建筑框架承重构件间的距离不相等。在地震时,这种不规则分布可能引起加速度共振效应,从而导致建筑失稳。为此,以地震动强度、地震动速度峰值、最大层间位移角为参数指标,分析高层建筑的极限状态,提出基于增量动力地震易损性分析的高层结构抗震加固研究。以某实际工程为试验对象,运用ABAQUS软件构造高层建筑框架结构三维模型,选取多条地震波以及符合场地条件的地震动记录进行验证,绘制地震易损性曲线。结果表明:在高层建筑框架结构中安装阻尼器,可增强结构中各构件的承载力,改善高层建筑抗震性能;增加钢板厚度可提高结构抗震水平,降低极限状态下框架结构IO、LS与CP的超越概率;提高混凝土强度,可改善框架结构抗倒塌性能。高层结构完成抗震加固后,抗震能力由0.91提升至1.01。由此证明,以增量动力分析得到的结构易损性为基础,对建筑易损性较大的地方进行加固、完善,能够改善高层建筑框架结构地震易损性,减少地震灾害损失。 相似文献
15.
沉积平原中存在地表低速沉积层是长周期地震动产生的关键因素,而长周期地震动会对长周期建筑物造成严重威胁和震害。本文基于邢台地震的历史地震震源模型和含地表沉积层的地壳速度模型,采用离散波数有限元法,对邢台地区进行了长周期地震动的计算分析。研究表明,邢台平原地区在大震中会产生长周期地震波,邢台地震中反应谱峰值区域位于宁晋南,与极震区基本重合。震中距小于55km区域内的周期1.5—4s的放大系数谱超过了抗震设计规范谱,反应谱放大系数值在周期2s附近达到峰值。因此,邢台地区因存在地表软弱沉积层,该区抗震设防可能对长周期地震动估计不足,建议应予以特别考虑。 相似文献
16.
Takashi Furumura Toshihiko Hayakawa Misao Nakamura Kazuki Koketsu Toshitaka Baba 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(3-4):585-607
Strong ground motions recorded in central Tokyo during the 1944 Tonankai Mw8.1 earthquake occurring in the Nankai Trough demonstrate significant developments of very large (>10 cm) and prolonged (>10 min) shaking of long-period (T > 10–12 s) ground motions in the basin of Tokyo located over 400 km from the epicenter. In order to understand the process by which such long-period ground motions developed in central Tokyo and to mitigate possible future disasters arising from large earthquakes in the Nankai Trough, we analyzed waveform data from a dense nation wide strong-motion network (K-NET and KiK-net) deployed across Japan for the recent SE Off-Kii Peninsula (Mw 7.4) earthquake of 5 September 2004 that occurred in the Nankai Trough. The observational data and a corresponding computer simulation for the earthquake clearly demonstrate that such long-period ground motion is primarily developed as the wave propagating along the Nankai Trough due to the amplification and directional guidance of long-period surface waves within a thick sedimentary layer overlaid upon the shallowly descending Philippine Sea Plate below the Japanese Island. Then the significant resonance of the seismic waves within the thick cover of sedimentary rocks of the Kanto Basin developed large and prolonged long-period motions in the center of Tokyo. The simulation results and observed seismograms are in good agreement in terms of the main features of the long-period ground motions. Accordingly, we consider that the simulation model is capable of predicting the long-period ground motions that are expected to occur during future Nankai Trough M 8 earthquakes. 相似文献
17.
地震波散射问题的解析解是研究局部场地、地形、盆地等不规则地层结构对地震动参数放大效应影响的重要理论工具。现有解析解大部分在频域内给出，无法直接用于研究不规则地层结构对地震动峰值、反应谱等参数的放大效应。本文基于平面SH波入射下圆弧状沉积盆地动力响应宽频带稳态解析解，通过Fourier变换，获取瞬态响应解析解。基于此，研究El Centro波入射下，沉积盆地对地震动峰值加速度、峰值速度、峰值位移及不同周期反应谱的放大效应。研究结果表明，盆地宽度和深度、沉积介质波速、入射波角度等对盆地放大效应具有显著影响，地震动反应谱谱比最大值超过2.0，且宽度达10 km的较大型盆地对长周期地震动参数具有显著放大效应，对于位于该类盆地的超高层建筑、大型储液罐、大跨度桥梁等长周期结构，应充分考虑盆地对抗震设防参数的影响。 相似文献
18.
Performance-based earthquake engineering requires accurate estimation of structural response associated with different damage states because of strong ground motion. In recent work (Meza-Fajardo and Papageorgiou, 2018, EESD), we demonstrated that a significant contribution to the response of elastic soil-structure systems for high-rise buildings is attributed to base rocking associated with Rayleigh waves. The present paper presents results of a study investigating the effects of Rayleigh waves on the response of soil-structure systems with nonlinear behavior at the level of the superstructure. By introducing a rigid-elastic rotational spring at the base of the building, we take into account the stiffness reduction due to damage to the lateral load-resisting system at its root, and with it, increased displacement demands. Considering different levels of ductility and post-yield stiffness, we investigate the impact of rocking because of Rayleigh waves on maximum and residual interstory drift ratios. Our results indicate that rocking due to surface waves should be an important consideration for design and evaluation of tall buildings, as inelastic action elongates their effective natural period, and consequently, they are more prone to be damaged by resonance and excitation of extended duration because of Rayleigh waves. 相似文献
19.
汶川地震远场地震动特征及其对长周期结构影响的分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
汶川8．0级大地震中,中国数字强震动台网获得了大量的数字强震动记录,这些记录特别是远场记录具有丰富的长周期地震动分量。本文根据东南强震动中心获取的区域数字强震动记录,分析汶川8．0级地震的远场地震动特征,研究了基岩场地及深厚软弱场地的长周期地震动及其差异;根据长周期结构的特点,选取建于深厚软弱场地上的江苏A050强震台的超长地震记录进行结构地震反应分析,研究汶川8．0级地震对远场长周期结构的影响,并结合实际震害特点,提出了长周期结构抗震及地震安全对策中一些值得注意和思考的问题。 相似文献
20.
为优化处于长周期地震动输入下的大型建筑剪力墙结构,进行了振动台试验。分析普通地震动与长周期地震动波的区别,证明了长周期地震波具有显著长周期分量的特性。将某一高层酒店剪力墙作为研究案例,设计模拟实验台的构建流程与传感器布局,将建筑模型缩尺比例设置为1∶10。选择CA波、RG波、EL波作为实验用地震波,从位移与结构周期、层间剪力与位移比、易损性以及损失评估等方面对大型建筑剪力墙的抗震性能进行了评估。振动台试验结果表明,在位移相同的情况下,长周期地震波下的建筑极限承载力最小;在经历CA波、RG波、EL波后,模型的自振周期均发生变化,而EL波作用下模型的自振周期始终比基本周期略长;不同地震波下,X、Y向层间剪力变化基本趋于一致;CA波、EL波作用下,X向位移比较为接近,而剪力墙Y向上位移比在三种地震波作用下具有较大差异性;在长周期地震波作用下,大型建筑剪力墙损伤最为严重。 相似文献