共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Nelson C. Maynard 《Surveys in Geophysics》2005,26(1-3):255-280
Magnetic merging is a primary means for coupling energy from the solar wind into the magnetosphere–ionosphere system. The location and nature of the process remain as open questions. By correlating measurements from diverse locations and using large-scale MHD models to put the measurements in context, it is possible to constrain our interpretations of the global and meso-scale dynamics of magnetic merging. Recent evidence demonstrates that merging often occurs at high latitudes in the vicinity of the cusps. The location is in part controlled by the clock angle in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Y–Z plane. In fact, BY bifurcates the cusp relative to source regions. The newly opened field lines may couple to the ionosphere at MLT locations of as much as 3 hr away from local noon. On the other side of noon the cusp may be connected to merging sites in the opposite hemisphere. In fact, the small convection cell is generally driven by opposite hemisphere merging. BX controls the timing of the interaction and merging sites in each hemisphere, which may respond to planar features in the IMF at different times. Correlation times are variable and are controlled by the dynamics of the tilt of the interplanetary electric field phase plane. The orientation of the phase plane may change significantly on time scales of tens of minutes. Merging is temporally variable and may be occurring at multiple sites simultaneously. Accelerated electrons from the merging process excite optical signatures at the foot of the newly opened field lines. All-sky photometer observations of 557.7 nm emissions in the cusp region provide a “television picture” of the merging process and may be used to infer the temporal and spatial variability of merging, tied to variations in the IMF. 相似文献
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ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｐｅｃｔｒａｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｍａｙｂｅｔｒａｃｅｄｂａｃｋｔｏｌａｔｅ１９６０ｓ（Ａｋｉ,１９６７;Ｂｒｕｎｅ,１９７０;Ｈａｎｋｓ,１９７９）．Ｆｏｒｉｔｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｓｔｒ... 相似文献
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Twelve analysed leucogranites of the High Himalaya in Bhutan (Chung La, Mönlakarchung) and Garhwal (Badrinath) are among the most18O-enriched granites known (11.5–12.4‰ δ18OSMOW with two exceptions) and separate minerals show good isotopic concordance. The data strongly support an origin of the granites by anatexis of continental basement such as the Indian crystalline basement sheet or slab, undercut by the Main Central Thrust, of which five samples were analysed. In contrast, the pre-collision Transhimalayan (Gangdese) batholiths to the north of the Indus-Tsangpo suture, as exemplified by the Ladakh intrusives, show an initially oceanic trend of δ18O vs. SiO2 that becomes gradually somewhat enriched with respect to Hachijo-Jima. While not completely outside the range of enrichment that seems possible by fractional crystallisation, this could tie in with the87Sr inhomogeneities reported by Honegger et al. [9], which may be due to assimilation of variably radiogenic Eurasian continental basement. For both the leucogranites and Ladakh intrusives the18O levels and the concordance between minerals rule out significant cumulative water/rock ratios in syn- or post-magmatic interaction with subsurface waters. 相似文献
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P. Petrusevics J.A.T. Bye V. Fahlbusch J. Hammat D.R. Tippins E. van Wijk 《Continental Shelf Research》2009
Conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) observations taken in the Great Australian Bight (GAB) during ORV Franklin cruise Fr 07/94 in July 1994 indicated the presence of a dense bottom layer at the head of the GAB, which flowed along the sea floor towards the shelf-break as a gravity current The north central region of the GAB was stratified with a maximum salinity difference of between 0.4 and 0.5. The outflow was confined to the shelf and was directed in a south-easterly direction with little evidence of cross-shelf transport. The flow exhibited a well-defined bottom interface evident from the head of the GAB to near the mouth of Spencer Gulf (SG), where the surface-bottom salinity difference was about 0.3. The mean thickness of the outflow was about 15 m. An estimate of the speed of the outflow at the discharge over the shelf-break was made using the zero entrainment assumption. This yielded a speed of <16 cm s−1, which remarkably was consistent with near bottom current meter measurements (16 cm s−1) on the continental shelf edge, reported south of the Eyre Peninsula. A mass budget analysis indicated that the outflow, which probably is partially maintained by the gravity current and partly by a wind-driven circulation would exist over the period, July–December, with a peak transport of about 106 m3s−1 (1 Sverdrup) which is approximately twenty times that of the bottom outflow from the adjoining Spencer Gulf. 相似文献
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After the Yutian M_S7.3 earthquake,the authors instantly collected 1Hz high frequency data of the 4 reference stations within 350 km around the epicenter,and calculated the GNSS data with the TRACK module. The results showed that:( 1) The co-seismic displacement of Yutian station,about 54 km from the epicenter,is the most obvious,particularly in the EW component,with a change of about 52.5 ± 11mm,which is more than three times the mean-square error of calculating precision.( 2) In the Yutian reference station,the biggest variation in the EW component appeared within 1 minute after the earthquake.( 3) The change in the NS component is not great. 相似文献
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High thresholds for avoidance of sonar by free-ranging long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas)
R. Antunes P.H. Kvadsheim F.P.A. Lam P.L. Tyack L. Thomas P.J. Wensveen P.J.O. Miller 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014
The potential effects of exposing marine mammals to military sonar is a current concern. Dose–response relationships are useful for predicting potential environmental impacts of specific operations. To reveal behavioral response thresholds of exposure to sonar, we conducted 18 exposure/control approaches to 6 long-finned pilot whales. Source level and proximity of sonar transmitting one of two frequency bands (1–2 kHz and 6–7 kHz) were increased during exposure sessions. The 2-dimensional movement tracks were analyzed using a changepoint method to identify the avoidance response thresholds which were used to estimate dose–response relationships. No support for an effect of sonar frequency or previous exposures on the probability of response was found. Estimated response thresholds at which 50% of population show avoidance (SPLmax = 170 dB re 1 μPa, SELcum = 173 dB re 1 μPa2 s) were higher than previously found for other cetaceans. The US Navy currently uses a generic dose–response relationship to predict the responses of cetaceans to naval active sonar, which has been found to underestimate behavioural impacts on killer whales and beaked whales. The navy curve appears to match more closely our results with long-finned pilot whales, though it might underestimate the probability of avoidance for pilot-whales at long distances from sonar sources. 相似文献
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CT机X射线高频高压发生器的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王秀彬 《CT理论与应用研究》2005,14(3):51-53
高频高压发生器是CT高压系统中最重要的组成部分.本文主要介绍高频高压发生器的组成和原理、高频逆变器脉冲控制的FM和PM方法、高频磁芯材料的选择、绕组的设计、损耗的计算、电磁兼容的考虑、高压整流电路的设计.研制20KHz和50kHz高压发生器的体会. 相似文献
10.
High resolution Thex stratigraphy of sediments from high-latitude areas (Norwegian Sea, Fram Strait)
Jan C. Scholten Reiner Botz Augusto Mangini Hanno Paetsch Peter Stoffers Elke Vogelsang 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1990,101(1)
We present data on the average sedimentation rates (ranging from 1.6 cm/kyr to 3 cm/kyr) for the last 300.000 years based on δ18O analyses of foraminifera in a core from the Norwegian Sea and 230Thex measurements in cores from the Norwegian Sea and the Fram Strait (Arctic Ocean). Furthermore, we relate 230Thex variations downcore to the various oxygen isotope stages. This correlation is tentatively interpreted as being a result of the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic control of bioproductivity. It is shown that based on the average sedimentation rates and characteristic 230Thex variations carbonate-poor sediment cores from northern latitudes can be correlated. 相似文献
11.
F.H. Busse 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,19(2):149-157
The theory of convection in a layer heated from below is reviewed with particular emphasis on the limit of infinite Prandtl number. The review is restricted to qualitative properties of the problems which do not depend on special conditions. Similarities and differences between convection in a plane layer and in a spherical shell are pointed out and attention is called to the fact that two-dimensional or axisymmetric forms of convection are realized only in a small region of the parameter space. 相似文献
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用石英(或花岗岩)和橄榄岩分别代表大陆地壳和上地幔,得到的大陆岩石圈强度轮廓存在多个塑性流变层,类似于"三明治"结构.这种强度模式已经被广泛接受,并成为研究大陆岩石圈动力学不可缺少的手段.例如,采用石英和花岗岩的流变实验结果估计的中上地壳流变结构,与发生在中上地壳的地震及其余震深度分布规律具有很好的对应关系,表明根据实验结果估计的这种流变结构基本反映了大陆中上地壳的真实情况.然而,地壳成分分析表明,对地壳岩石变形机制起制约作用的主要矿物由上地壳、中地壳的石英(或石英-长石组合)、长石(或长石-角闪石组合)转变为下地壳的辉石(或长石-辉石组合).因此,石英(花岗岩)流变不能完全代表大陆地壳的流变特征. 相似文献
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Q. G. Zong T. A. Fritz A. Korth P. W. Daly M. Dunlop A. Balogh J. F. Fennell J. D. Sullivan R. W. H. Friedel H. Reme 《Surveys in Geophysics》2005,26(1-3):215-240
Energetic electrons (e.g., 50 keV) travel along field lines with a high speed of around 20 REs−1. These swift electrons trace out field lines in the magnetosphere in a rather short time, and therefore can provide nearly instantaneous information about the changes in the field configuration in regions of geospace. The energetic electrons in the high latitude boundary regions (including the cusp) have been examined in detail by using Cluster/RAPID data for four consecutive high latitude/cusp crossings between 16 March and 19 March 2001. Energetic electrons with high and stable fluxes were observed in the time interval when the IMF had a predominately positive Bz component. These electrons appeared to be associated with a lower plasma density exhibiting no obvious tailward plasma flow (<20 keV). On the other hand, no electrons or only spike-like electron events have been observed in the cusp region during southward IMF. At that time, the plasma density was as high as that in the magnetosheath and was associated with a clear tailward flow. The fact that no stable energetic electron fluxes were observed during southward IMF indicates that the cusp has an open field line geometry. The observations indicate that both the South and North high latitude magnetospheric boundary regions (including both North and South cusp) can be energetic particle trapping regions. The energetic electron observations provide new ways to investigate the dynamic cusp processes. Finally, trajectory tracing of test particles has been performed using the Tsyganenko 96 model; this demonstrates that energetic particles (both ions and electrons) may be indeed trapped in the high latitude magnetosphere. 相似文献
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Rock glaciers in semiarid mountains contain large amounts of ice and might be important water stores aside from glaciers, lakes, and rivers. Yet whether and how rock glaciers interact with river channels in mountain valleys remains largely unresolved. We examine the potential for rock glaciers to block or disrupt river channels, using a new inventory of more than 2000 intact rock glaciers that we mapped from remotely sensed imagery in the Karakoram (KR), Tien Shan (TS), and Altai (ALT) mountains. We find that between 5% and 14% of the rock glaciers partly buried, blocked, diverted or constricted at least 95 km of mountain rivers in the entire study area. We use a Bayesian robust logistic regression with multiple topographic and climatic inputs to discern those rock glaciers disrupting mountain rivers from those with no obvious impacts. We identify elevation and potential incoming solar radiation (PISR), together with the size of feeder basins, as dominant predictors, so that lower-lying and larger rock glaciers from larger basins are more likely to disrupt river channels. Given that elevation and PISR are key inputs for modelling the regional distribution of mountain permafrost from the positions of rock-glacier toes, we infer that river-blocking rock glaciers may be diagnostic of non-equilibrated permafrost. Principal component analysis adds temperature evenness and wet-season precipitation to the controls that characterise rock glaciers impacting on rivers. Depending on the choice of predictors, the accuracy of our classification is moderate to good with median posterior area-under-the-curve values of 0.71–0.89. Clarifying whether rapidly advancing rock glaciers can physically impound rivers, or fortify existing dams instead, deserves future field investigation. We suspect that rock-glacier dams are conspicuous features that have a polygenetic history and encourage more research on the geomorphic coupling between permafrost lobes, river channels, and the sediment cascades of semiarid mountain belts. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Peter Bond 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2001,42(1):1.29-1.30
Peter Bond reports on exciting discoveries in the high-energy universe and rock-solid signs of water on Mars. 相似文献
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在磁共振成象（ＭＲＩ）中,对各种不同情况如何获取高分辨图象是一个比较复杂的技术问题,与很多参数,因素有关,本文给邮了图象分辨率和图象信噪比,机器灵敏度等参数的制约关系,及在理想情况下分辨率和场梯度,采集时间的定量关系,针对旨在观察单细胞的ＮＭＲ显微镜成象,分析了扩散对极限分辨率（μｍ）的限制。针地人体定域高分辨成象介绍了几种避免图象分析叠（ａｌｉａｓｉｎｇ）的方法,阐述了高分辨成象与脉冲序列的关系 相似文献
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10.6～1.5GPa、室温～1 200℃条件下青藏高原地壳岩石弹性波速特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
通过对采自青藏高原的六种地壳岩石，包括花岗闪长岩、混合岩、片麻岩、玄武岩、辉橄岩及斜长角闪岩等，进行高温高压纵波速度测量，发现绝大多数地壳岩石其纵波速度在压力高于0.2-0.3GPa时基本上随压力线性增加。在固定压力下随温度升高而降低，但在温度较低时这一现象并不明显，随温度的程式高波速出现明显降低。通过对实验后的样品进行显微薄片分析，发现含水矿物的脱水和部分熔融是造成岩石波迅速降低的主要原因。在实验过程中还发现高压下温度较高时，接收到的超声波振幅会增大。对实验中发现的这些现象本文进行了初步的分析和讨论。 相似文献
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Devi M. Patgiri S. Barbara A. K. Gordiyenko G. Depueva A. Depuev V. Ruzhin Yu. Ya. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2018,58(7):857-870
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Geomagnetic storm is one of the major disturbances in Earth’s magnetosphere and its effect on ionosphere is a well studied area, yet there are a few aspects still... 相似文献