共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
石家庄市地下水中氮污染分析 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：25
通过对石家庄市地下水中“三氮”污染状况的分析，发现硝酸盐是地下水中的主要氮污染物，利用氮同位素方法分析了地下水中硝酸盐氮的来源，讨论了人类开采地下水和施放环境物质对地下水中氮聚集的影响，在人类活动影响强度小的地区，地下水中的硝酸盐污染强度大大低于市区。NO3-浓度与硬度变化趋势表明：氮污染与硬度等指标值升高有一定的联系，但在不同的水文地球化学环境中，在迁移和转化等方面又有着自己的特性。 相似文献
2.
吉林省松原市地下水污染评价及污染因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
松原市是我国北方以石油化工为主的新兴工业城市,石化产业的发展对区内地下水造成了一定程度的污染。本文在区域水文地质调查的基础上,采用单因子评价和叠加指数法对该区的地下水污染现状进行评价,并对地下水污染影响加以分析。评价区地下水中Fe、Mn和NH4+超标严重,主要与原生环境背景含量高有关,全区的大部分地区为轻微污染,严重和较重污染的局部区域多以点状或带状分布。地下水中总硬度和矿化度超标也较严重,在局部污染严重地区,水中Cl、SO42–、NO3–、COD(高锰酸盐指数)、挥发酚等均有超标现象。导致地下水污染的原因除生活污染外,与石油开采、炼制、加工和运输关系密切。 相似文献
3.
地浸采铀技术已成为世界采铀的主流工艺,采区退役后地下水环境修复亦为人们所关注的热点。文章简要介绍了碱法、中性和酸法三种典型地浸采铀技术的特点,系统分析了地浸采铀对地下水环境的影响,并以酸法地浸铀矿山地下水环境修复技术为例,重点介绍了物理化学修复技术和生物修复技术及其原理与应用,归纳总结了其优缺点,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。指出下一步应加强在酸性与氧化环境中能使铀固定并长期稳定的新技术,高活性、强适应性修复菌群的选育、驯化技术,地下水异位-原位协同生物修复技术,以及放射性核素及重金属在铀矿地浸地下水环境中的吸附-解吸、氧化-还原、溶解-沉淀等行为与机理及其主控因素等方面的研究。 相似文献
4.
The effects of multiple industrial-pollutant sources on the groundwater system were evaluated in the Industrial Development
Areas (IDAs) of Medak district, Andhra Pradesh (AP), India. The quality of groundwater in the region has been affected negatively
due to the discharge of effluents on open land and into ponds, tanks, and streams. Water samples from surface-water bodies,
dug wells,and bore wells were analyzed for their major ion concentrations. The high values of electrical conductivity (EC)
and concentrations of Na+, Ca2+, Cl–, and HCO3
– indicate the impact of industrial effluents. Based on the hydrochemistry, the groundwater is classified into various types,
such as sodium-chloride, sodium-bicarbonate, calcium-chloride, and magnesium-chloride, and its suitability for drinking and
irrigation has been assessed. The present studies made it possible to demarcate areas of contaminated groundwater and those
prone to contamination in the near future. Water in the area has deteriorated all along Nakka Vagu up to a maximum distance
of 500–700 m from the eastern bank. The groundwater quality in and around Patancheru (to a depth of 30 m) has become hazardous.
Some possible remedial measures are suggested.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
5.
神府矿区身为国家级陕北能源化工基地的核心区域,地处神府煤田腹地。通过对神府矿区地下水污染现状野外调查,采集水样,室内、室外分析化验,对地下水水污染进行评价。地下水污染程度采用层级阶梯评价,在此基础上按无机毒理指标和微量有机指标将地下水的污染划分为四级,并做地下水污染风险分区图。神府矿区地下水污染的影响指标为NO_3—N、NO_2—N、F^-、Mo和Cr6+,其中NO_3—N影响程度最高,说明地下水主要污染来源于工矿企业生产和生活废物,全区大部分地区污染程度为中等偏高,污染程度高的地区沿地下水水流方向的上游分布着较多重污染型企业,说明导致地下水污染的原因除生活污染外,工矿企业已经对水源保护区内局部地下水造成了不同程度的影响。 相似文献
6.
地壳表层砷的循环与污染地下水模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了更好地监测和预测地下水砷污染,揭示由自然原因引起的地下水砷污染规律和机制,通过多年来对内蒙古河套平原地下水砷污染的调查研究,在充分了解和掌握砷的化学与地球化学性质以及世界各国地下水砷污染状况与分布特征的基础上,总结了砷在自然环境中的分布和污染地下水的机理。文章阐述了4种地下水砷污染类型的形成机理,并提出了地壳表层砷的循环与污染地下水模式,通过该模式在基本掌握某一地区地质环境背景的情况下,可以初步预测其可能发生地下水砷污染的地段。地下水砷污染是砷在地壳表层循环过程中发生的一种环境水文地球化学现象,污染区的分布与特定的地质、地理背景和环境条件有关。在还原解吸污染类型中,封闭的环境、硫元素和有机碳的存在是地层中砷溶出的主要控制因素。今后应加强对封闭的冲积或湖积平原、河流入湖或入海三角洲等地区地下水砷污染的调查与监测。 相似文献
7.
被污染土壤的植物修复研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
植物修复是利用植物吸收、降解、挥发、根滤、稳定、泵吸等作用机理,达到去除土壤、水体中污染物,或使污染物固定以减轻其危害性,或使污染物转化为毒性较低化学形态的现场治理技术.植物修复对于重金属污染土壤的治理修复具有重要意义.已有研究在累积与超累积植物的寻找筛选、植物对重金属等有害物的耐毒和解毒机理、植物修复现场环境调控及根际处理技术等方面取得了大量成果.现代分子生物学、基因工程技术发展有可能使植物修复技术取得重大突破. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
The Irtysh river basin all the way from river spring in China across Kazakhstan as far as the Russian part of Siberia is among the most ecologically endangered and affected regions on our planet. The study provides a summary of the historical reasons for anthropological interventions in this area, which began with the construction of plants of the military—industrial complexes in the forties of the last century during World War II. These plants have a major share in extreme high concentrations of heavy metals in surface as well in groundwaters locally. The Semipalatinsk nuclear polygon plays a specific role as a source of contamination of local waters. The release of top secret data enabled us to gain knowledge about serious problems related to high radioactivity of groundwaters, which should spread uncontrollably through a system of secondary fissures activated by nuclear blasts. Another serious problem in this region is the quantitative aspect of contamination. Model simulations of water balance indicate that large industrial development in the spring area in China and continuously increasing water consumption in Kazakhstan may lead to desiccation of the lower stretch of this large river in Siberia during the summer months of 2030. 相似文献
13.
张晓云 《华北地质矿产杂志》1996,11(2):245-251
辛安泉是北方第二大泉，泉域面积１３０００ｋｍ＾２。根据环境水文地质条件，将拉域划分为四个子系统。采用饮用水卫生标准和污染起始值对系统内地下水水质进行评价，并对其污染成因进行了分析。 相似文献
14.
Magmagenesis in a subduction-related post-collisional volcanic arc segment: the Ukrainian Carpathians 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Ioan Seghedi Hilary Downes Zolt n P cskay Matthew F. Thirlwall Alexandru Szak cs Michail Prychodko David Mattey 《Lithos》2001,57(4):237-262
Calc-alkaline magmatism in the south-west Ukraine occurred between 13.8 and 9.1 Ma and formed an integral part of the Neogene subduction-related post-collisional Carpathian volcanic arc. Eruptions occurred contemporaneously in two parallel arcs (here termed Outer Arc and Inner Arc) in the Ukrainian part of the Carpathians. Outer Arc rocks, mainly andesites, are characterized by LILE enrichment (e.g. K and Pb), Nb depletion, low compatible trace element abundances, high 87Sr/86Sr, high δ18O and low 143Nd/144Nd isotopic ratios (0.7085–0.7095, 7.01–8.53, 0.51230–0.51245, respectively). Inner Arc rocks are mostly dacites and rhyolites with some basaltic and andesitic lavas. They also show low compatible element abundances but have lower 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O and higher 143Nd/144Nd ratios (0.7060–0.7085, 6.15–6.64, 0.5125–0.5126, respectively) than Outer Arc rocks. Both high-Nb and low-Nb lithologies are present in the Inner Arc. Based on the LILE enrichment (especially Pb), a higher fluid flux is suggested for the Outer Arc magmas compared with those of the Inner Arc.
Combined trace element and Sr–Nd–O isotopic modelling suggests that the factors which controlled the generation and evolution of magmas were complex. Compositional differences between the Inner and Outer Arcs were produced by introduction of variable proportions of slab-derived sediments and fluids into a heterogeneous mantle wedge, and by different extents of upper crustal contamination. Degrees of magmatic fractionation also differed between the two arcs. The most primitive magmas belong to the Inner Arc. Isotopic modelling shows that they can be produced by adding 3–8% subducted terrigenous flysch sediments to the local mantle wedge source. Up to 5% upper crustal contamination has been modelled for fractionated products of the Inner Arc. The geochemical features of Outer Arc rocks suggest that they were generated from mantle wedge melts similar to the Inner Arc primitive magmas, but were strongly affected by both source enrichment and upper crustal contamination. Assimilation of 10–20% bulk upper crust is required in the AFC modelling, assuming an Inner Arc parental magma. We suggest that magmagenesis is closely related to the complex geotectonic evolution of the Carpathian area. Several tectonic and kinematic factors are significant: (1) hydration of the asthenosphere during subduction and plate rollback directly related to collisional processes; (2) thermal disturbance caused by ascent of hot asthenospheric mantle during the back-arc opening of the Pannonian Basin; (3) clockwise translational movements of the Intracarpathian terranes, which facilitated eruption of the magmas. 相似文献
15.
16.
A storage pile of de-icing agent consisting principally of sodium chloride was placed in the recharge area of two springs, and remained there for 2 years. Water flow is through fractures in rocks with low matrix permeability, along a hydraulic gradient developed along fracture zones. Salt contamination in the springs was noticed about 1 year after the salt was placed. When the salt was removed 1 year later, chloride concentrations in the springs exceeded 500 mg/L. Monitoring for the following 5 years showed salt contamination rising for the first year, but receding to normal background after 5 years. Chloride to sodium ratios of the spring waters indicated that some sodium was initially sequestered, probably by ion exchange on clay minerals, in the early part of the monitoring period, and released during the latter part; thereby extending the period of contamination.Richard S. diPretoro: deceased 相似文献
17.
An Evaluation of the Effects of Primary and Cross‐Contamination during the Preparation of Rock Powders for Chemical Determinations 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 José P. Sertek Sandra Andrade Horstpeter H. Ulbrich 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2015,39(3):381-397
Quartz crystals from the Batatal site, Minas Gerais, southern Brazil, were used to determine quantitatively primary contamination when submitting the samples to milling processes. Crushing devices used were a primary steel jaw crusher (br1), a secondary tungsten carbide (WC) crusher (br2) and a hydraulic press with stainless steel plates (pr). Fragments with suitable sizes were then ground in different Fritsch planetary mills, equipped with agate, WC and chromium‐steel rings for 7, 4 and 3 min, respectively. Solutions of the powders were analysed initially with the TotalQuant? method in a quadrupole ICP‐MS instrument, providing semi‐quantitative results for seventy‐five elements. Contamination from crushers and mills was visible in major and minor elements such as Fe, Mn and Ti, and noticeable in trace elements such as Cr, Co, Ni, Cu and also V, Zr, Sc; significant contamination was observed from W, Mo, Co, Ta and Nb (mainly by use of the WC devices). Little or no contamination was observed for Pb, REE, Sr and Rb, elements that are important in routine isotopic determinations. Cross‐contamination was tested by grinding either a granite or a basalt sample, followed by conventional cleaning with mica‐free quartz sand, before the working quartz powder was prepared. 相似文献
18.
Mercury speciation and mobilization in contaminated soils of the Valle del Azogue Hg mine (SE,Spain) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hg mobilization from contaminated soils and mine wastes was the source of environmental contamination in the Valle del Azogue
mining area. We researched solid-phase speciation and aqueous mobility of Hg through Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis analysis, solid-phase-Hg-thermo-desorption (SPTD) and laboratory column
experiments. We found that in contaminated soils and mine wastes, the predominant Hg species was cinnabar (HgS), mainly formed
from the weathering of Hg-rich pyrite, and metallic Hg (0) in the matrix, whereas in calcines and tailings the dominant species
was metallic Hg (0). The mobilization of Hg in the aqueous phase seems to have originated from the dissolution of elemental
Hg (0) present in soils and wastes, reaching concentrations of up to 67 μg l−1, and showing a higher long-term environmental potential risk, in addition to atmospheric emissions. 相似文献
19.
地下水常见无机污染物研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,随着人类社会工业化的不断发展,地下水污染问题也日益严重。全球对地下水污染的研究飞速发展,欧美等发达国家对地下水污染的研究开展较早,已形成了较完善的研究和水污染治理机制,而我国对地下水的研究和治理起步较晚。文章综合论述了地下水中几种常见无机污染物的研究和治理现状,总结了它们的检测技术、污染物来源以及危害和目前主要治理技术,以引起对地下水污染研究和治理的高度重视,为正确认识和辨别地下水污染的毒害,达到科学准确检测、合理高效治理的目的。 相似文献
20.
Ian W. Oliver Angus B. MacKenzie Rob M. Ellam Margaret C. Graham John G. Farmer 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):96-96
In its natural state uranium has three isotopes; ^238U （99.27 atom % abundance）, ^235U （0.72%） and ^234U （0.0055%）, with the ^235U ： ^238U activity ratio having a constant value of 0.045 and the ^234U：^238U activity ratio commonly ranging 0.8-1.2 for soils and sediments （e.g. Fisenne 1996）. Uranium enrichment, the process by which the fissile isotope ^235U is concentrated for the production of nuclear fuel, generates a waste product that is depleted in both ^235U and ^234U. Depleted uranium （DU） therefore has a distinct isotopic signature that can be used to monitor contamination arising from the use of munitions containing it （i.e., DU weapons and armour）. The UK Ministry of Defense has tested such munitions at coastal locations in SW Scotland and NW England, resulting in possible contamination of the surrounding terrestrial and marine environments. We examined the U isotope distribution in surface soil （top 10 cm） and salt marsh sediment samples from these locations using alpha spectrometry to determine the extent of any DU contamination from the munitions testing programme. Despite 〉30 t of DU shells having been fired into the sea in this region there was no evidence of deviation from the natural ^234U ： ^238U activity ratio range in salt marsh samples. The ^235U ： ^238U activity ratio could not be used to assess these salt marsh samples because ^235U activities were at the limit of detection for alpha spectrometry. 相似文献