共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
目前,针对利用无人机技术在山地起伏大、山体植被密集区域,难以获取地面点及DEM等问题,本文提出了一种结合布料模拟算法和改进的局部最大值算法,利用树顶点、树高等植被信息,提取地面点,进而生成整个区域的DEM的方法。以中国传统村落德夯村为例,利用植被系数和高程信息将点云分割为植被密集区和非植被密集区两个部分。在非植被密集区,通过布料模拟算法和改进的局部最大值算法分别提取地面点和树顶点,计算平均树高;在植被密集区,通过该区域的树顶点推算得到植被密集区的近似地面点,最终将两部分的地面点云进行TIN插值得到该地区的DEM。试验结果表明,利用此方法生成的DEM均方根误差,在非植被密集区达0.037 m,植被密集区可达1.606 m,整体平均误差达1.492 m,总体精度较好,基本可以满足村落尺度空间分析的需求。 相似文献
2.
Yogesh Kant B. D. Bharath Javed Mallick Clement Atzberger Norman Kerle 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2009,37(2):201-214
The knowledge of the surface temperature is important to a range of issues and themes in earth sciences central to urban climatology,
global environmental change and human-environment interactions. The study analyses land surface temperature (LST) estimation
using temporal ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) datasets (day time and night time) over
National Capital Territory Delhi using the surface emissivity information at pixel level. The spatial variations of LST over
different land use/land cover (LU/LC) at day time and night time were analysed and relationship between the spatial distribution
of LU/LC and vegetation density with LST was developed. Minimum noise fraction (MNF) was used for LU/LC classification which
gave better accuracy than classification with original bands. The satellite derived emissivity values were found to be in
good agreement with literature and field measured values. It was observed that fallow land, waste land/bare soil, commercial/industrial
and high dense built-up area have high surface temperature values during day time, compared to those over water bodies, agricultural
cropland, and dense vegetation. During night time high surface temperature values are found over high dense built-up, water
bodies, commercial/industrial and low dense built-up than over fallow land, dense vegetation and agricultural cropland. It
was found that there is a strong negative correlation between surface temperature and NDVI over dense vegetation, sparse vegetation
and low dense built-up area while with fraction vegetation cover, it indicates a moderate negative correlation. The results
suggest that the methodology is feasible to estimate NDVI, surface emissivity and surface temperature with reasonable accuracy
over heterogeneous urban area. The analysis also indicates that the relationship between the spatial distribution of LU/LC
and vegetation density is closely related to the development of urban heat islands (UHI). 相似文献
3.
Forested areas in the United States have been altered since the time of European settlement. There is increasing interest in comparing present day vegetation with that of the Pre-Euroamerican era to understand what changes have occurred in some of our more outstanding natural areas. Studies have been conducted using Government Land Office (GLO) notes to understand historic vegetation surveys, but past studies focused on species present/absent lists. The GLO surveys included information about tree species, tree diameter and other physical features. This study used indicator kriging to interpolate the probability of tree species on the landscape using the GLO data from 62 townships. Once continuous probability models were developed, vegetation spatial patterns were analyzed throughout the sub-basin. This technique provided insight into what the vegetation pattern (spatially) was like prior to Euroamerican settlement within the Buffalo River sub-basin. It provided the base information necessary to quantify vegetation change and the spatial extent of that change. Based on this research it appears that post-Euroamerican fire suppression and agricultural practices with other human activities have been major contributors to change. Eastern Redcedar ( Juniperious virginiana ) and hickory ( Carya sp .) have increased, while oak species ( Quercus sp .) have decreased. Additionally 19% of the sub-basin has changed to non-forest. 相似文献
4.
用基于知识的决策树方法分层提取矿区土地类型——以湖北大冶为例 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以湖北大冶为研究区,采用多时相陆地卫星遥感图像,通过不同波段组合,以及ironoxide指数和归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)等,详细分析了各地表地物光谱特征和空间特征,建立了研究区分类知识库表,采用决策二叉树法进行分类,得到了高精度分类结果图。基于不同时相分类结果的变化检测,通过对研究区水体污染、矿区复垦、耕地变化等分析,认为从1986～2002年,研究区水质虽有一定改善,但矿区植被退化严重,耕地大量减少,停产矿区复垦仅为20%,为合理保护矿区生态环境和科学管理采矿企业提供了有用资料。 相似文献
5.
顾及空间自相关的地理国情信息统计格网尺度选择——以植被覆盖信息统计为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
统计格网尺度的不同会带来统计结果的差异,如何选择统计格网是地理国情信息统计的重要工作。本文提出了一种顾及空间自相关的地理国情信息统计格网尺度选择方法。采用地理国情普查数据,在50 m、60 m、70 m、80 m、90 m、100 m、250 m、500 m和1000 m几个尺度下,以植被覆盖信息统计为例,利用面积占优法和中心点归属法两种方法分别进行格网化,得到了不同尺度的植被格网数据;计算植被覆盖面积统计误差,分析不同尺度下植被覆盖信息的空间自相关的变化特征,并利用Moran’s I系数差值进行尺度选择,得到了植被覆盖信息统计格网的适宜尺度。以龙沙区和清涧县作为研究区域,结果表明,在地理国情植被覆盖信息统计时,不同地区的格网统计适宜尺度是不一样的,植被覆盖度中低的龙沙区的适宜尺度为100 m,而植被覆盖度高的清涧县的适宜尺度为250 m。 相似文献
6.
长江流域水资源空间分配 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对当前水资源空间分配方法存在影响因素选择不全,权重设计主观性强,且难以适用于大尺度流域范围等问题,该文提出了一种面向长江流域的水资源空间分配模型。该模型选取了年均降雨量、地形坡度、地表植被覆盖和区域集水面积作为水资源分配的影响因子,利用相关性分析方法和AHP层次分析法优化了因子影响权重设计,实现了长江流域的水资源空间分配,并采用长江流域二级子流域的水资源量统计数据进行精度检验。实验结果揭示了长江流域水资源量在1km格网尺度的空间分布差异,表明了该文面向长江流域水资源空间分配模型的合理性和准确性。 相似文献
7.
草型湖泊总悬浮物浓度和浊度遥感监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
草型湖泊水质遥感监测中水生植物会造成“水体—水生植物”混合像元问题,针对因混合像元导致草型湖泊水生植物覆盖区域水质难以直接利用遥感监测的问题,本文以草型湖泊微山湖为研究对象,提出定性和定量相结合的总悬浮物浓度和浊度分区监测方法,实现微山湖水体总悬浮物浓度和浊度的时空变化监测。基于获取的2014年7月—2015年6月覆盖微山湖的多期高分一号（GF-1） WFV和HJ-1A/1B CCD影像,利用归一化水体指数将微山湖区分为水生植物覆盖区和水体区。针对水生植物覆盖区,利用时序MODIS NDVI数据获取微山湖主要水生植物的时谱曲线,识别不同水生植物的物候特征;基于不同物候期内的水生植物对总悬浮物浓度和浊度的指示作用,对微山湖水生植物覆盖区水体总悬浮物浓度和浊度进行定性监测。针对水体区,分别构建水体总悬浮物浓度和浊度的单波段/波段比值模型和偏最小二乘模型,定量反演微山湖水体区总悬浮物浓度和浊度。研究结果表明,微山湖中水生植物以光叶眼子菜、穗花狐尾藻和菹草等沉水植物为主,其中光叶眼子菜/穗花狐尾藻和菹草的空间分布和物候特征存在明显差异,不同水生植物在不同物候期内对水质具有不同的指示作用;微山湖水体总悬浮物浓度和浊度具有显著的空间变异性,基于定性和定量相结合的方法可以有效监测微山湖水体总悬浮物浓度和浊度的时空变化规律。本文提出的定性和定量相结合的监测方法为草型湖泊水质监测的业务化应用提供了新思路。 相似文献
8.
Fertility, or the availability of nutrients and water, controls forest productivity. It affects its carbon sequestration, and thus the forest's effect on climate, as well as its commercial value. Although the availability of nutrients cannot be measured directly using remote sensing methods, fertility alters several vegetation traits detectable from the reflectance spectra of the forest stand, including its pigment content and water stress. However, forest reflectance is also influenced by other factors, such as species composition and stand age. Here, we present a case study demonstrating how data obtained using imaging spectroscopy is correlated with site fertility. The study was carried out in Hyytiälä, Finland, in the southern boreal forest zone. We used a database of state-owned forest stands including basic forestry variables and a site fertility index. To test the suitability of imaging spectroscopy with different spatial and spectral resolutions for site fertility mapping, we performed two airborne acquisitions using different sensor configurations. First, the sensor was flown at a high altitude with high spectral resolution resulting in a pixel size in the order of a tree crown. Next, the same area was flown to provide reflectance data with sub-meter spatial resolution. However, to maintain usable signal-to-noise ratios, several spectral channels inside the sensor were combined, thus reducing spectral resolution. We correlated a number of narrowband vegetation indices (describing canopy biochemical composition, structure, and photosynthetic activity) on site fertility. Overall, site fertility had a significant influence on the vegetation indices but the strength of the correlation depended on dominant species. We found that high spatial resolution data calculated from the spectra of sunlit parts of tree crowns had the strongest correlation with site fertility. 相似文献
9.
基于Aster数据的新疆渭——库绿洲及其周边地区土地沙化信息提取 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以新疆渭干河——库车河绿洲及其周边地区为研究区,在野外调查的基础上,基于Aster数据,利用NDVI、植被盖度作为特征变量,结合偏最小二乘回归法模型反演得到的盐分含量(SSC)指标作为决策树分类的各节点的判别函数,通过决策树分类方法实现了沙化土地信息的提取与制图。结果表明结合植被覆盖信息与土壤特性能够在提取沙化信息的同时区分出盐渍化土壤,结果与野外调查较为一致。该研究为大区域土壤沙化信息提取与制图提供了较好的方法。 相似文献
10.
The Niger River is one of the most important sources of water supply for human consumption and agriculture in Western Africa. Two Landsat‐5 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images, corresponding to the dry and wet seasons, over a selected area of the Niger River interior delta were classified to produce a land cover/land use map that reflects the geo‐hydrological units of this area. To classify the satellite data, training statistics were generated using a clustering algorithm with parameter values that maximize the separability among spectral classes. Both dry and wet season images are required to obtain an accurate classification for evaluation of hydrological parameters. The spatial resolution of the MSS proved to be adequate for this kind of work, since all the major cover types and geographic features were correctly recognized. 相似文献
11.
南水北调中线工程是我国大规模跨流域调水工程的一部分,开展该区域植被覆盖度变化的研究与分析,对于保护该区域的生态环境及水质具有重要意义。该文以2000年和2009年两期遥感图像为本底数据,利用基于NDVI的像元二分模型对南水北调中线水源区的植被覆盖度进行了估算,并分析了该区植被覆盖度的时空变化特征。结果表明:2000年该水源区植被覆盖度的平均值为67.5%,2009年的平均值达到72%,植被覆盖度总体呈增长趋势;植被覆盖度增幅的空间特征表现为水源区中部地区高,东西部地区相对较低;在不同植被类型中,落叶针叶林的覆盖度平均值增幅最大,草地覆盖度增幅最小;位于水源区的大多数县(市)的植被覆盖度在近十年来都有不同程度的增加,其中柞水县的植被覆盖度平均值增长幅度最大,这与国家实施退耕还林、封山育林、基本农田建设等政策有关。 相似文献
12.
This study applied a computerized parametric methodology to monitor, map, and quantify land degradation by salinization risk detection techniques at a 1：250 000 mapping scale using geo-information technology. The northern part of the Shaanxi province in China was taken as a case. Multi-temporal remotely sensed materials of both Landsat TM and thematic maps （ETM＋） were used as the bases to provide comprehensive views of surface conditions such as vegetation cover and salinization detection. With ERDAS ver. 9.1 software, the Normalized Differential Salinity Index （NDSl） and Salinity Index （S.I.） were computed and then evaluated for land degradation by salinization. Arc/Info ver. 9.2 software was used along with field observation data （GPS） for analysis. Using spatial analysis methods, results showed that 19 973.1 km^2 （72%） of land had no risk of land degradation by salinization, 3 684.7 km^2 （13%） had slight land degradation by salinization risk, 2 797.9 km^2 （10%） had moderate land degradation by salinization risk, and 1 218.9 km^2 （4%） of the total land area was at a high risk of land degradation by salinization. The study area, in general, is exposed to a high risk of soil salinization. 相似文献
13.
Classifying historical remotely sensed imagery using a tempo-spatial feature evolution (T-SFE) model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yichun Xie Zongyao Sha Yongfei Bai 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(2):182-190
Large and growing archives of orbital imagery of the earth’s surface collected over the past 40 years provide an important resource for documenting past and current land cover and environmental changes. However uses of these data are limited by the lack of coincident ground information with which either to establish discrete land cover classes or to assess the accuracy of their identification. Herein is proposed an easy-to-use model, the Tempo-Spatial Feature Evolution (T-SFE) model, designed to improve land cover classification using historical remotely sensed data and ground cover maps obtained at later times. This model intersects (1) a map of spectral classes (S-classes) of an initial time derived from the standard unsupervised ISODATA classifier with (2) a reference map of ground cover types (G-types) of a subsequent time to generate (3) a target map of overlaid patches of S-classes and G-types. This model employs the rules of Count Majority Evaluation, and Subtotal Area Evaluation that are formulated on the basis of spatial feature evolution over time to quantify spatial evolutions between the S-classes and G-types on the target map. This model then applies these quantities to assign G-types to S-classes to classify the historical images. The model is illustrated with the classification of grassland vegetation types for a basin in Inner Mongolia using 1985 Landsat TM data and 2004 vegetation map. The classification accuracy was assessed through two tests: a small set of ground sampling data in 1985, and an extracted vegetation map from the national vegetation cover data (NVCD) over the study area in 1988. Our results show that a 1985 image classification was achieved using this method with an overall accuracy of 80.6%. However, the classification accuracy depends on a proper calibration of several parameters used in the model. 相似文献
14.
Currently there is a lack of knowledge on spatio-temporal patterns of land surface dynamics at medium spatial scale in southern Africa, even though this information is essential for better understanding of ecosystem response to climatic variability and human-induced land transformations. In this study, we analysed vegetation dynamics across a large area in southern Africa using the 14-years (2000–2013) of medium spatial resolution (250 m) MODIS-EVI time-series data. Specifically, we investigated temporal changes in the time series of key phenometrics including overall greenness, peak and timing of annual greenness over the monitoring period and study region. In order to specifically capture spatial and per pixel vegetation changes over time, we calculated trends in these phenometrics using a robust trend analysis method. The results showed that interannual vegetation dynamics followed precipitation patterns with clearly differentiated seasonality. The earliest peak greenness during 2000–2013 occurred at the end of January in the year 2000 and the latest peak greenness was observed at the mid of March in 2012. Specifically spatial patterns of long-term vegetation trends allowed mapping areas of (i) decrease or increase in overall greenness, (ii) decrease or increase of peak greenness, and (iii) shifts in timing of occurrence of peak greenness over the 14-year monitoring period. The observed vegetation decline in the study area was mainly attributed to human-induced factors. The obtained information is useful to guide selection of field sites for detailed vegetation studies and land rehabilitation interventions and serve as an input for a range of land surface models. 相似文献
15.
ICESat-2机载试验点云滤波及植被高度反演 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新一代星载激光雷达卫星ICESat-2将采用多波束微脉冲光子计数技术,并进行高程剖面式的对地观测。由于该点云数据具有背景噪声大、密度低并呈线状分布等特点,传统的点云滤波算法并不适用,研究新的点云滤波算法十分必要。本文以ICESat-2的机载模拟器MABEL数据为例,首先介绍了微脉冲光子计数激光雷达的基本原理和数据特点,并针对高程剖面点云提出基于局部距离统计和最小二乘局部曲线拟合的点云滤波算法;然后,对美国加利福尼亚州Sierras-Forest地区MABEL试验中532 nm通道的光子点云进行滤波处理,并利用识别的地面点插值得到3 m分辨率的线状DEM,进而估算了该区域美国云杉的平均树高;最后,对该滤波算法进行精度评价,并分析了误差来源及其对DEM精度和树高反演精度的影响。结果表明:(1)该算法整体精度达97.6%,能有效剔除绝大部分噪声点且对地形起伏具有较强的自适应能力;(2)误分噪声点影响了滤波过程中局部地形的拟合,而滤波过程中的分类误差将降低DEM和树高反演的精度。 相似文献
16.
Debashis Chakraborty Dibyendu Dutta H Chandrasekharan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2001,29(3):115-128
The vegetation dynamics and land use/land cover types of Birantiya Kalan watershed located in the arid tracts of western Rajasthan have been characterized and evaluated using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). The watershed under study falls in the transitional plain of Luni Basin and is characterized by Aravali ranges in the eastern half and vast alluvial plains in the west. The land use/land cover types, as identified are cropland, fallow, forest, land with scrub, land without scrub, sandy area and the water body. Land with scrub occupied maximum area (39% area of the watershed) in 1996 in place of crop land which was dominant (43% of total area) in the year 1988. During eight years period, seasonal fallow land increased significantly and the areal extent of water body decreased to almost half. Vegetation vigour types have been classified into very poor, poor. moderate, good and very good categories. Moderate vigour type reduced from 62 to 27% and poor type increased from 34 to 68% during the period 1988 to 1996. Other vegetation vigour types have not shown any significant changes. To quantify the changes over the years in both vegetation and land use/land cover, weightages have been given to each type and composite values of both vegetation vigour and land use types for 1996 and 1988 have been calculated. It has been observed that the ratio for vegetation vigour has been found to be 0.85 showing that the overall vegetation have not improved after the treatment. The ratio for land use is found to be 1.01, which indicates negligible change in land use. 相似文献
17.
利用Landsat ETM+分析城市热岛与下垫面的空间分布关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用数理统计与空间统计相结合的方法,利用Landsat ETM 数据对北京、上海、沈阳和武汉等4个大城市的夏季城市热岛相对强度与城市下垫面的空间分布关系进行对比研究。用混合像元线性光谱分解方法提取的城市植被覆盖度与不透水面表征城市下垫面;用城市地表亮温与水体亮温差值表征城市热岛相对强度。结果显示,4个城市的植被覆盖、不透水面与热岛强度的分布呈较强的空间正自相关,并且存在较为一致的自相关范围,该范围相当于城市街道与建筑组合特征尺度;自相关引起的结构性是导致3者空间分布异质性的主要因素。植被覆盖对城市热岛的缓解效果与不透水面对城市热岛的增强作用均呈分段线性特征,但区域差异较为明显;交叉相关系数曲线则显示出相关性的空间异质性与多尺度现象,同时存在一个约550 m的空间作用特征尺度。该研究结果有助于在城市规划实践中合理配置建筑与植被的间隔和比例,以缓解城市热岛效应。 相似文献
18.
A. Brosinsky A. Lausch D. Doktor C. Salbach I. Merbach S. Gwillym-Margianto M. Pause 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2014,42(2):311-324
The assessment and quantification of spatio-temporal soil characteristics and moisture patterns are important parameters in the monitoring and modeling of soil landscapes. Remote-sensing techniques can be applied to characterize and quantify soil moisture patterns, but only when dealing with bare soil. For soils with vegetation, it is only possible to quantify soil-moisture characteristics through indirect vegetation indicators, i.e. the “vitality” of plants. The “vitality” of vegetation is a sum of many indicators, whereby different stress factors can induce similar changes to the biochemical and physiological characteristics of plants. Analysis of the cause and effect of soil-moisture properties, patterns and stress factors can therefore only be carried out using an experimental approach that specifically separates the causes. The study describes an experimental approach and the results from using an imaging hyperspectral sensor AISA-EAGLE (400–970 nm) and a non-imaging spectral sensor ASD (400–2,500 nm) under controlled and comparable conditions in a laboratory to study the spectral response compared to biochemical and biophysical vegetation parameters (“vitality”) as a function of soil moisture characteristics over the entire blooming period of Ash trees. At the same time that measurements were taken from the hyperspectral sensors, the following vegetation variables were also recorded: leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll meter value — SPAD-205, vegetation height, C/N content and leaf water content as indicators of the “vitality” and the state of the vegetation. The spectrum of each hyperspectral image was used to calculate a range of vegetation indices (VI’s) with relationships for soil moisture characteristics and stress factors. The relationship between vegetation indices and plant “vitality” indicators was analysed using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM). The results show that leaf water content is the most appropriate vegetation indicator for assessing the “vitality” of vegetation. With the Water Index (WI) it was possible to differentiate between the moisture treatments of the control, moisture drought stress and the moisture flooding treatment over the entire growing season of the plants (R 2?=?0.94). There is a correlation between the “vitality” vegetation parameters (LAI, C/N content and vegetation height) and the indicators NDVI, WI, PRI and Vog2. In our study with Ash trees the vegetation parameter chlorophyll was found not to be a suitable indicator for detecting the “vitality” of plants using the spectral indicators. There is a possibility that the sensitivity of the indicators selected was too low compared to changes in the chlorophyll content of Ash trees. Adding the co-variable ‘time’ strengthens the correlation, whereas incorporating time and moisture treatment only improves the model very slightly. This shows that changes to the biochemical and biophysical characteristics caused by phenology, overlay a differentiation of the moisture treatments. 相似文献
19.
The hydrologic response of a catchment is sensitive to the morphology of the drainage network. Dimensions of bigger channels are usually well known, however, geometrical data for man-made ditches is often missing as there are many and small. Aerial LiDAR data offers the possibility to extract these small geometrical features. Analysing the three-dimensional point clouds directly will maintain the highest degree of information. A longitudinal and cross-sectional buffer were used to extract the cross-sectional profile points from the LiDAR point cloud. The profile was represented by spline functions fitted through the minimum envelop of the extracted points. The cross-sectional ditch profiles were classified for the presence of water and vegetation based on the normalized difference water index and the spatial characteristics of the points along the profile. The normalized difference water index was created using the RGB and intensity data coupled to the LiDAR points. The mean vertical deviation of 0.14 m found between the extracted and reference cross sections could mainly be attributed to the occurrence of water and partly to vegetation on the banks. In contrast to the cross-sectional area, the extracted width was not influenced by the environment (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.87). Water and vegetation influenced the extracted ditch characteristics, but the proposed method is still robust and therefore facilitates input data acquisition and improves accuracy of spatially explicit hydrological models. 相似文献
20.
以深圳市为研究区,在考虑距离衰减效应的重力型两步移动搜索法（gravity two-step floating catchment area method,G2SFCA）基础上,引入Huff模型,并考虑需求点位置要素及地形要素,分别从供给点竞争、需求点定位、路网距离优化三方面对G2SFCA进行改进,并采用改进的G2SFCA对深圳市室内应急避难场所空间可达性进行研究。实验结果表明,改进的G2SFCA不仅能很好地揭示深圳市各社区室内应急避难场所的空间可达性,而且也能有效反映避难场所可达性与人口密度分布的空间匹配规律,较其他模型更符合现实情况;已建成室内应急避难场所数量、容纳人口及空间可达性的统计与分析结果真实、可靠,相关结论可为深圳市未来的防灾工作以及室内应急避难场所的空间规划与建设提供参考。 相似文献