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热储温度是划分地热系统成因类型和评价地热资源潜力的重要参数。文章在采集分析渝东南13个地热水样的基础上,利用无蒸汽损失石英和有蒸汽损失石英温标法、玉髓法a和玉髓法b,修正的SiO2温标法,K-Mg、Na-Li、Na-K、Na-K-Ca等阳离子温标法计算渝东南深部热储温度,并利用Na-K-Mg三角图解法和矿物饱和指数法检验所用方法的可靠性,结果表明:研究区利用SiO2(无蒸汽损失)温标法和修正后的SiO2温标法计算所得出的热储平均温度更适用,各地热水点热储温度范围在62.78~124.81℃,平均热储温度88.98℃。 相似文献
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地热流体水文地球化学研究是认识地热资源形成机制、赋存环境以及循环机理的有效手段.以我国华北平原典型的中低温地热系统——河北雄安新区为研究对象, 基于不同热储层和浅层地下冷水的水化学及同位素特征, 探讨地热流体中主要组分的地球化学起源, 评估深部地热流体的热储温度, 指示地热系统的深部热源及其成因机制.大气降水入渗、热储高温条件下的流体-岩石相互作用是雄安新区地热流体中主要组分的物质来源, 其中深层雾迷山组地热水中部分组分可能源于古沉积水蒸发浓缩过程中形成的蒸发岩盐的溶滤.雾迷山组地热水适宜利用Ca-Mg温标和石英温标计算其热储温度, 温度范围为76.4~90.6℃, 馆陶组地热水运用石英温标更为合理, 热储温度为66.2~71.3℃.雄安新区地热异常是深部放射性元素衰变热在特定的大地构造背景下聚集而形成. 相似文献
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蓟县系雾迷山组是天津地区最重要的基岩裂隙型热储层。通过对天津市平原区不同构造单元的70组蓟县系雾迷山组地热流体样品的水化学测试,从其化学类型、特殊组分、热储温度及地热水成因等方面进行分析研究。结果表明,流体化学类型北部以HCO_3·SO_4-Na、HCO_3·SO_4·Cl-Na为主,往南变为Cl·HCO_3-Na、Cl·HCO_3·SO_4-Na、Cl·SO_4·HCO_3-Na为主,南部为Cl·SO_4-Na为主;地热流体中的氟、偏硅酸、偏硼酸、温度均达到了"有医疗价值浓度"或"命名矿水浓度"标准;由于雾迷山组地热流体水-岩之间未达到离子平衡状态,K-Mg温标不适用于本地区热储温度的计算,采用玉髓温标来预测热储温度的方法比较适用于本地区的热储。通过成因分析可知该热储属于贫溴的含岩盐地层溶滤水,具有陆相沉积水的特征。 相似文献
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Na-K-Mg三角图作为水-岩平衡状态初步判定的方法,未考虑具体温标公式和矿物成分对平衡状态的影响,因此通过基于不同Na-K温标公式修正后的Na-K-Mg三角图判断水岩平衡状态,并利用适合的Na-K温标公式计算地下热储温度,对划分地热系统成因类型和开发利用地热资源具有重要意义。研究发现,修正后的Na-K-Mg三角图中任意一点,对某种温标公式确定的曲线处于平衡状态,对另一温标公式确定的曲线则有可能处于部分平衡状态;且温度越低,这种现象越显著。最贫Mg上边界和最富Mg下边界是由不同的温标公式确定的,随温度具有明显的分段性。利用各Na-K温标公式作出T-lg（Na/K）曲线图,绘制曲线交点对应的基于各"完全平衡曲线"的Na-K-Mg三角图,得出温标公式的选取方法,并以西藏盐井地区为例计算热储温度。 相似文献
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地热温标方法是确定地下深部热储温度的一种经济有效的手段,任何温标在使用前都要进行水-岩平衡判断。选取大孙庄氡温泉井6组不同时期的水化学组分分析数据,利用Na-K-Mg三角图解法及饱和指数法对矿物-流体的平衡状态进行判断,结果表明各水样水-岩之间尚未达到离子平衡状态,不适合用阳离子地热温标来估算热储温度,但可选择二氧化硅温标估算热储温度;玉髓与水反应在多数情况下要比石英与水反应更接近平衡,利用玉髓温标估算大孙庄氡温泉井的热储温度较为合理,估算大孙庄氡温泉井的热储平均温度为47.8℃。 相似文献
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在地热系统中,地热温标通常被用来评价地下热储温度,但是众多地热温标计算出的热储温度往往相差很大,需要进一步判断矿物-流体的平衡状态。以平顶山八矿地热系统为例,讨论了地球化学温标的应用条件;通过Na-K-Mg三角图及以WATCH程序建立的多矿物平衡法在该矿的应用,证实玉髓地热温标最适合估算该矿区深部热水温度,该矿区深部热水温度约为50℃。 相似文献
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长白山地区地热系统的研究目前还处于初级阶段,热储温度仍然是具有争议的问题。为进一步明确其高温地热成因机理,本文对该区域的4个温泉点与2口地热井进行了离子及气体组分测定与分析,并应用地球化学温标估算了热储温度。Na-K-Mg三角图和部分矿物I_S值指示长白山地区地热水与围岩未达到水岩平衡状态,稀释作用明显,仅石英、玉髓和部分含Ca2+矿物达到饱和并发生沉淀。根据本文及前人的研究,研究区同时存在高温喷气孔、高_ρ(Cl^-)水和高_ρ(SO_42-)水,这符合White汽-液分离模式提出的地热地表显示组合,因此推断长白山地区下部流体发生汽-液分离作用(沸腾)且地热系统为双相地热系统。由于双相地热系统的存在制约了水化学温标与部分气化学温标在研究区热储温度估算中的应用,因此本文结合研究区气组分特征,选取CO_2/H_2温标作为可靠温标,估算出热储温度在234.5～284.7℃之间。将长白山天池地区地质特征与地热流体特征结合,建立了长白山地区地热成因模式。 相似文献
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水化学特征不仅应用于分析地下水水质的时空变化规律,而且还提供地下水水动力环境信息。水化学分析方法已成为对探索地热田成因、地下水补给来源等常用的研究方法。基于近些年的研究资料,综合分析热储层结构特征和水化学特征,认为宜良地热田为层状热储型中低温地热田,其热储层为震旦系灯影组。研究热储层流体的化学分布特征以及热流体的化学成分与温度的关系等,用化学温标核算了热储层温度,认为K-Mg温标更适用于中低温地热田热储温度的估算。地热水水化学特征等基本地质特征可作为地热田规划和开发的理论基础。 相似文献
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在实际案例分析中,采用传统地球化学温标计算的温度与实测温度往往有一定的差距,研究系统中矿物-流体的平衡状态、判断作为估算热交换温度的地热温标是否使用、选出最合适的计算结果非常重要.在讨论热水与矿物的平衡状态时,采用Na-K-Mg三角图解法和PHREEQCI程度模拟计算矿物饱和指数的方法进行研究,结果表明:(1) 粤西沿海地热系统采集的23组水样的分析发现其热水水化学特征为热水呈中低温弱碱性、氟含量较高源于热水与花岗岩的水岩相互作用、由内陆至沿海地区水化学类型由HCO3·Cl-Ca·Na型向Cl-Na型转化;(2) 浅层水的混合使得硅温标的估算值低于实测温度;只有21号水样适合用阳离子温标,其热交换平衡温度为150~170 ℃;1号和19号样可用K-Mg温标计算其热交换温度下限值,分别为136.2和151.6 ℃,其余水样则适合用log(Q/K)-T平衡法估算,深部热水在经历深循环后上升至地表,在浅层受到冷水混合. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(16):2015-2049
Deep reservoir temperatures of 10 important geothermal systems of the world were estimated by applying 13 solute (Na/K) and 21 gas geothermometers. The predicted temperatures were comprehensively evaluated and compared with measured bottom-hole temperatures using geochemometric techniques. The present study reveals (1) high prediction performances in most of the Na/K geothermometers for the majority of the geothermal fields with liquid-dominated reservoirs, whereas low prediction performances were indicated for the geothermal fields with vapour-dominated and high-temperature reservoirs; (2) the gas geothermometers, in comparison to Na/K, are more successful in predicting the subsurface temperatures in high-temperature geothermal systems; (3) the geothermal systems for which Na/K geothermometers have indicated a high prediction performance, the gas geothermometers have specified a low prediction performances, and vice versa; (4) both Na/K and gas geothermometers, generally, overestimated the reservoir temperatures for the majority of the low-enthalpy geothermal fields and underestimated for the majority of the high-enthalpy geothermal fields; (5) the reservoir temperature predictions of gas geothermometers have more scatter than those temperatures inferred from Na/K geothermometers; and (6) in general, Na/K geothermometers seem to be a more successful geochemical tool in predicting reliable reservoir temperatures than gas geothermometers. 相似文献
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贵州热矿水热储温度的估算 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文根据贵州热矿水的有关水化学组成，进行了有关水－岩平衡的判断；应用常用的石英，玉髓，Ｎａ－Ｋ、Ｎａ－Ｋ－Ｃａ和Ｋ－Ｍｇ地热地球化学温标估算了这些热矿水的热储温度。根据这些温标的原理和贵州热矿水的实际，讨论了有关温标的适用性和估算结果的可靠性。推断了贵州热矿水的热储温度。 相似文献
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高温地热系统中赋存着大量的地热能资源.为了进一步了解高温地热系统, 以腾冲热海热田为典型研究区, 利用热泉地球化学组成, 基于多种地球化学模型确定了热田深部母地热流体的温度, 并分析了其升流后经历的不同冷却过程.热海热田的硫磺塘水热区和热水塘水热区所排泄的热泉源自共同的深部热储, 该热储中母地热流体的Cl-质量浓度为265 mg/L, 温度为336 ℃.在热海热田, 母地热流体在经历绝热冷却过程后直接形成了泉口温度最高的大滚锅泉, 而其他中性泉均由母地热流体先与浅部地下冷水混合再经历绝热冷却形成.母地热流体的深部热储之上存在多个温度在200 ℃以上的热储, 这些热储的形成受控于热海地区发育的多组方向不同的断裂. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1032-1058
Subsurface reservoir temperatures of two important Mexican geothermal systems (Los Azufres and Las Tres Vírgenes) were estimated by applying all available solute geothermometers for 88 and 56 chemical data measurements of the spring waters and fluids of the deep geothermal wells, respectively. Most of the chemical data for spring water of these two geothermal fields are for HCO3 water, followed by SO4 and Cl types. For the Los Azufres geothermal field (LAGF), the reservoir temperatures estimated by Na-K geothermometers for springs of HCO3 and SO4 waters, and by Na-Li and Li-Mg geothermometers for Cl water, are close to the average bottom-hole temperature (BHT) of the geothermal wells. However, all reservoir temperatures for spring waters from the Las Tres Vírgenes geothermal field (LTVGF) estimated by all solute geothermometers indicated significantly large differences (low temperatures) compared to the BHT. Evaluation of inferred reservoir temperatures for spring waters of the LAGF and LTVGF suggests that not all springs nor all solute geothermometers provide reliable estimation of the reservoir temperatures. Even though chemical equilibrium probably was not achieved in the water–rock system, Na-K geothermometers for HCO3 water (peripheral water mainly of meteoric origin with little geothermal component) and SO4 water (geothermal steam heated) and Na-Li and Li-Mg geothermometers for Cl-rich spring water (fully mature geothermal water) of the LAGF indicated reservoir temperatures close to the BHT. However, in comparison with the geothermometry of spring water of the LAGF and LTVGF, fluid measurements from geothermal wells of these two fields indicated reservoir temperatures in close agreement with their respective BHTs. For the best use of the solute geothermometry for spring water, it is advisable to: (1) chemically classify the springs based on water types; (2) identify and eliminate the discordant outlier observations by considering each water type as a separate sampled population; (3) apply all available solute geothermometers employing a suitable computer program such as SolGeo instead of using some specific, arbitrarily chosen geothermometers; and (4) evaluate the temperatures obtained for each solute geothermometer by considering the subsurface lithology, hydrological conditions, and BHTs or static formation temperatures whenever available. 相似文献
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Tianfu Xu Zhaoyun Hou Xiaofeng Jia Nicolas Spycher Zhenjiao Jiang Bo Feng Jin Na Yilong Yuan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(24):1502
To reconstruct deep fluid chemical composition and increase the confidence in estimated reservoir temperatures, a more integral geothermometry method was compared to other classical geothermometers. Here, we apply the integrated multicomponent geothermometry (IMG) method using the GeoT code to estimate reservoir temperatures at the Tengchong geothermal field in Southwestern China. Results show reservoir temperatures calculated using the quartz geothermometer are closest to those estimated with the IMG method. The concentrations of Al and Mg, as well as selected minerals for geothermometry computations, are key factors for successfully using the IMG. Using the IMG method together with classical geothermometers can significantly increase confidence in reservoir temperature estimations. The methods presented and simulation program used here may be useful for analysis of other geothermal fields under similar conditions. 相似文献
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Sitangshu Chatterjee Uday Kumar Sinha Archana. S. Deodhar Md. Arzoo Ansari Nathu Singh Ajay Kumar Srivastava R. K. Aggarwal Ashutosh Dash 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(18):638
Uttarakhand geothermal area, located in the central belt of the Himalayan geothermal province, is one of the important high temperature geothermal fields in India. In this study, the chemical characteristics of the thermal waters are investigated to identify the main geochemical processes affecting the composition of thermal waters during its ascent toward the surface as well as to determine the subsurface temperature of the feeding reservoir. The thermal waters are mainly Ca–Mg–HCO3 type with moderate silica and TDS concentrations. Mineral saturation states calculated from PHREEQC geochemical code indicate that thermal waters are supersaturated with respect to calcite, dolomite, aragonite, chalcedony, quartz (SI > 0), and undersaturated with respect to gypsum, anhydrite, and amorphous silica (SI < 0). XRD study of the spring deposit samples fairly corroborates the predicted mineral saturation state of the thermal waters. Stable isotopes (δ18O, δ2H) data confirm the meteoric origin of the thermal waters with no oxygen-18 shift. The mixing phenomenon between thermal water with shallow ground water is substantiated using tritium (3H) and chemical data. The extent of dilution is quantified using tritium content of thermal springs and non-thermal waters. Classical geothermometers, mixing model, and multicomponent fluid geothermometry modeling (GeoT) have been applied to estimate the subsurface reservoir temperature. Among different classical geothermometers, only quartz geothermometer provide somewhat reliable estimation (96–140 °C) of the reservoir temperature. GeoT modeling results suggest that thermal waters have attained simultaneous equilibrium with respect to minerals like calcite, quartz, chalcedony, brucite, tridymite, cristobalite, talc, at the temperature 130 ± 5 °C which is in good agreement with the result obtained from the mixing model. 相似文献
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研究工作对完善区内高温地热系统成因机理和后期勘探及钻探工作提供一定的参考意义.为进一步研究贵德盆地地热资源赋存状态及热源来源,在充分了解贵德盆地地热地质条件的基础上,采集区内地热流体样品,进行水化学全分析和氢氧同位素分析,得到该区地热流体化学特征和氢氧同位素特征,估算了区内高温热田-扎仓寺热田的热储温度.分析结果表明:该区高温地下热水的水化学类型主要为SO4·Cl-Na型,低温水水化学类型较为复杂,主要为SO4-Na、SO4·HCO3-Na型;扎仓寺热田地下热水中Li+、F-、Sr2+、As3+与Cl-存在很好的正相关性,显示了相同的物质来源,SiO22-与Cl-极高的正相关性进一步验证了扎仓寺地热为深部热源;氢氧同位素数据都集中在当地大气降水线附近,说明地下热水主要为大气降水补给.选用合理的水文地球化学温标计算了扎仓寺热田的热储温度,并利用硅-焓模型分析了该热田地热流体中冷水混入比例及冷水混入前的热储温度,分析认为扎仓寺热田4 000 m以内存在两个热储层,第一热储层热储温度约为133 °C,热循环深度为1 800 m;第二热储层热储温度约为222 °C,热循环深度约为3 200 m. 相似文献
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羊八井地热田深、浅层热水都是Cl-Na类型,具有相同的B/Cl比值,说明深层热水在上升通道中与冷水相混合形成了浅层热水。浅层流体自西北向东南流动,温度逐渐降低。浅层热储内普遍存在着水岩交换反应,对热水的化学组成有一定的影响。石英和玉髓地热温度计分别适用于计算深、浅层的热储温度。纳木错(湖)不是羊八井地热田的补给区。深层热水在井筒内绝热汽化时不会出现SiO2结垢,CaCO3是否会在井筒壁沉淀需要放喷较长时间来检验。文中还阐述了对热水的化学组分进行监测的必要性。 相似文献