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1.
PDO对西北太平洋热带气旋活动与大尺度环流关系的影响   总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5  
何鹏程  江静 《气象科学》2011,31(3):266-273
利用NCEP再分析资料和上海台风研究所整编的热带气旋资料,研究了在太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)冷暖位相中西北太平洋热带气旋频数与太平洋海表温度(SST)年际相关的分布差异,以及500 hPa高度场对热带气旋频数和生成源地的影响.结果表明,在PDO冷位相时期,热带气旋频数与赤道东太平洋SST存在显著相关,副热带高压位置偏东...  相似文献   

2.
全球气候变暖背景下登陆我国台风特征的分析   总被引:38,自引:4,他引:38  
利用1949-2002年西北太平洋热带气旋、登陆我国台风和全球地面温度资料,对登陆我国台风的频数、强度以及登陆位置的年际变化,特别是趋势特征进行了分析,并与西北太平洋台风的变化特征作了对比。结果表明:在全球气候变暖背景下,我国登陆台风频数的减少趋势没有西北太平洋台风频数的减少趋势强;登陆台风的平均强度和极端强度均有减弱趋势,极端强度的减弱趋势尤为明显,但其强度弱于西北太平洋台风。在1968-2002年全球明显增暖时段,我国台风登陆位置偏向我国中部,西北太平洋台风在生命史中强度达最强时的位置有向北移动的趋势。  相似文献   

3.
西北太平洋热带气旋频数的年际、年代际变化及预测   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用1950-2009年60 a的热带气旋资料、NOAA海温、NCEP再分析资料及74项环流指数等资料,研究了西北太平洋热带气旋频数的年际、年代际变化特征,结果表明,西北太平洋热带气旋生成频数既有显著的年际变化,同时也存在明显的年代际变化。自1950年以来,西北太平洋热带气旋频数经历了一个先增加再减少的过程,其中转折点在20世纪70年代中后期,与之相对应,热带气旋路径频数也呈现明显年代际变化。在此基础上,通过分析前期春季海温场、大气环流异常及环流指数与夏季(6-10月)热带气旋生成频数的相关关系,选取了影响夏季西北太平洋热带气旋活动频数的预测因子,建立了一个夏季西北太平洋热带气旋生成频数的多元回归预测模型。检验结果表明,该模型能较好地拟合1951-2003年夏季西北太平洋热带气旋生成频数的年际变化,拟合率为0.6。对2004-2009年夏季热带气旋生成频数的独立样本预测试验表明,该模型对夏季西北太平洋热带气旋活动频数具有较好的预测能力,可以为热带气旋业务预报提供一定参考。  相似文献   

4.
西北太平洋台风频数异常年的气候背景分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
申松林  江静 《气象》2010,36(5):64-70
利用中国气象局整编的热带气旋资料、NCEP再分析资料和Scripps海温资料,分析了台风季西北太平洋台风频数发生年代际和年际异常时的气候背景特征,并且比较分析了造成台风频数发生年代际和年际异常的影响因子的异同。结果表明:台风频数的年代际变化主要和副热带高压和赤道西太平洋的温跃层海温有非常显著的关系,而年际变化则与副高、季风槽、越赤道气流以及赤道中东太平洋的混合层海温都有着密切的联系。  相似文献   

5.
西北太平洋热带气旋频数和强度变化趋势初探   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
利用1951—2006年西北太平洋 (含南海) 热带气旋资料, 研究了不同强度热带气旋的气候变化特征。结果表明:超强台风 (近中心最大风速≥58m/s, 简称超强台风Ⅱ) 频数、强度和初、终旋日期的变化特征都不同于其他级别热带气旋; 西北太平洋热带气旋的总频数有长期减少趋势, 主要由热带低压和超强台风Ⅱ的长期减少趋势引起; 随着热带气旋强度增强, 出现月最大频数的月份逐渐推迟; 超强台风月频数最大值发生在秋季; 超强台风Ⅱ频数的年变化与除了超强台风Ⅰ(近中心最大风速为51~58m/s) 外的其他级别热带气旋反相关; 受超强台风Ⅱ减少影响, 热带气旋年平均最大风速有减小的长期趋势; 热带气旋的初、终旋日期没有显著的长期变化趋势, 但超强台风Ⅱ的初旋日期有推迟趋势, 终旋日期有提前趋势, 发生时间缩短。  相似文献   

6.
利用挪威卑尔根的全球大气-海洋-海冰耦合模式的300年气候态数值积分结果,结合观测资料,分析了夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动(APO)的年际变化对与西北太平洋热带气旋生成频数相关联的大尺度环流背景的影响。模式结果表明,当夏季APO异常偏强(弱)时,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏东(西)偏北(南),南亚高压位置偏北(南),西北太平洋低层大气异常辐合(辐散),高层大气异常辐散(辐合),对流活动加强(减弱)。这种环流背景条件有(不)利于西北太平洋热带气旋的发生发展,西北太平洋热带气旋频数因而偏多(少)。  相似文献   

7.
使用中国气象局热带气旋资料中心的热带气旋最佳路径数据集和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料提供的月平均数据,对北上影响山东的热带气旋(tropical cyclone,TC)及其造成的极端降水进行统计分析,并揭示了有利于 TC北移影响山东的大气环流特征。结果表明:影响山东的 TC主要出现 于 6—9 月,其中盛夏时节(7、8 月)TC对山东影响最大;TC影响山东时,强度主要为台风及以下等 级,或已发生变性;TC会引发山东极端降水事件,TC极端降水多出现在夏秋季(7—9 月),其中8月的占比最大,9月次之,TC降水在极端降水事件中的占比约为 10%,但年际变化大,有些年份占比达60%以上,特别是1990 年以来 TC对极端降水的贡献显著增强;影响山东的 TC主要生成于西 北太平洋,多为转向型路径;当500 hPa位势高度异常场呈太平洋一日本遥相关型的正位相时,TC更易北上影响山东,此时西北太平洋副热带高压位置偏北,其外围气流会引导TC北上转向,对华东地区造成影响;850 hPa上,南海至西北太平洋存在异常气旋式环流,对流活跃,夏季风环流和季风槽加强,有利于TC的生成和发展,同时,华东、华南上空有异常上升运动,涡度增大,垂直风切变减小,水汽充沛,TC登陆后强度能得到较好的维持。  相似文献   

8.
根据西北太平洋56年(1949—2004年)热带气旋系列资料,分析了不同级别的热带气旋频数多年变化的统计特征及其与太平洋海表温度(SST)的关系。结果表明: 西北太平洋热带气旋频数主要的变化特征是年际和年代际变化,不同等级的热带气旋频数变化特征存在差异,但就变化趋势而言随时间减少,均无明显因全球增暖导致的热带气旋增加的现象。对不同海区分别讨论SST对热带气旋的影响,从存在的超前滞后相关发现赤道东太平洋SST负异常会引起更多的热带气旋频数,而且强度越大的热带气旋受到海温的影响越早;更多的热带气旋频数又会引起西北太平洋的SST负异常,热带气旋强度越大产生负异常的周期越短;北太平洋中部的SST与热带气旋的频数存在较好的正相关关系。这些关系体现了热带气旋强涡旋风场导致局地海洋上层混合作用和太平洋海气耦合经向模态对热带气旋的影响。  相似文献   

9.
利用IPCC发布的5个全球气候模式在高(SRES A2)、低(SRES B1)两种不同排放情景下的预报集成结果,对21世纪大尺度环境进行分析,进而对西北太平洋夏季热带气旋(TC)的频数进行预估。结果表明:两种情景下热带西北太平洋均呈现500 hPa位势高度偏高、太平洋东部海表温度偏高、低层菲律宾以东为异常反气旋性环流控制的特征。这种大尺度环境不利于TC生成,在高排放情景下或21世纪中叶后该环境特征更显著。未来TC频数总体呈减少的趋势,低排放情景下的TC频数变化趋势比高排放情境下平缓,TC频数存在年代际和年际变化。  相似文献   

10.
冯涛  黄荣辉  陈光华  武亮  黄平  王磊 《大气科学》2013,37(2):364-382
本文主要综述和回顾了近年来季风系统研究中心关于西北太平洋热带气旋和台风(TCs)活动的气候学研究进展及有关的国内外研究.文中不仅回顾了最近关于夏、秋季西北太平洋利于TCs生成的大尺度环流型及其与涡旋的正压能量交换、西北太平洋TCs活动的年际和年代际及季节内的变化特征、以及今后全球变暖背景下西北太平洋TCs活动的变化趋势的气候学研究进展,而且综述了西北太平洋季风槽及热带对流耦合波动对西北太平洋上TCs生成的动力作用的研究.此外,文中还指出今后有关西北太平洋TCs活动一些亟需进一步研究的气候学问题.  相似文献   

11.
Recent publications have investigated the interactions between the extratropical transitions (ETs) of tropical cyclones (TCs) and midlatitude circulations; however, studies of ET events have rarely considered the relationship between the storm and the nearby subtropical high. The TC best-track data provided by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center-Tokyo Typhoon Center of the Japan Meteorology Agency are used in conjunction with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data to discuss the potential effects of the subtropical high on ETs over the western North Pacific basin. When the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is weakened and withdrawn toward the east, more TCs follow recurving paths and the midlatitude trough activity is intensified. These changes lead to enhanced ET activity. By contrast, when the WPSH strengthens and extends westward, the number of TCs that follow direct westward paths increases and the midlatitude trough is relatively inactive. These conditions lead to reduced occurrences of ET cases. Abnormal activity of the WPSH should be considered as an important factor in determining ET activity.  相似文献   

12.
基于西北地区东部81站1961—2010年夏季(6—8月)逐月降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,利用距平合成分析,探讨其多雨年和少雨年逐月500 hPa高度场和700 hPa湿度场特征。结果表明:西北地区东部多雨年,影响降水的天气特征表现为乌拉尔山脊逐月偏强,7月鄂霍次克海脊偏强,贝加尔湖高压脊转为低槽,7月巴尔喀什湖低槽较6月偏强。8月贝加尔湖长波槽较7月偏强;少雨年天气系统表现为6—8月西北地区东部受高压脊前西北气流控制。西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称:副高)多雨年较少雨年偏西偏强。6—8月多(少)雨年比湿的变化表明,西北地区东部降水多雨年,大气的含水量较高,西北地区东部降水少雨年,大气的含水量较低。  相似文献   

13.
越赤道气流准双周振荡对西北太平洋台风路径的调制作用   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
利用美国联合台风预警中心(Joint Typhoon Warning Center,JTWC)热带气旋(tropicalcy—clone,TC)数据、NCEP/NCAR再分析风场资料,研究了越赤道气流准双周振荡对西北太平洋台风路径的调制作用。将西北太平洋台风路径划分为:西行路径、西北行路径、转向登陆中国路径、转向中日之间路径、转向登陆日本路径、转向日本以东路径和140°E以东路径。利用超前滞后回归方法,合成分析了6—10月不同路径台风对应的越赤道气流准双周振荡的低频环流演变过程。结果表明,925hPa越赤道气流及与其相联系的经向风存在明显10~20d准双周振荡现象,且对西北太平洋台风路径预报具有一定的指示作用。在西太平洋赤道地区,低频越赤道气流强度、演变特征影响着西北太平洋低频气旋的位置和移动方向,调节风场强辐合带与季风槽的位置与强度,继而对台风生成位置、移动路径产生重要的影响。初步认为,强向北低频越赤道气流分量有利于北侧低频气旋加强和向北传播,继而使得强辐合带、季风槽位置偏北,台风易于在此区域生成且沿着强辐合带位置移动。而弱向北低频分量或向南低频分量则不利于台风转向移动。  相似文献   

14.
利用1961—2008年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及陕西地面月降水资料,采用EOF分解、合成分析等方法,分析了陕西夏季旱涝的时空分布特征以及前期气候系统的异常信号特征。结果表明:陕西夏季多雨年乌拉尔山高压脊和鄂霍次克海高压偏强,贝加尔湖低槽偏深,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,西伸脊点偏西。并且前期冬季中高纬度中亚长波脊偏强偏西,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,印缅槽偏弱,700hPa西北地区东部至华北偏北风异常偏强,赤道东太平洋出现暖水位相,西风漂流区海温偏低,印度洋海温偏高,陕西夏季易多雨;而陕西夏季少雨年西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,西伸脊点偏东,陕西主要受中亚高脊前西北气流控制。前期冬季中高纬度欧洲西北部低槽偏强,中亚长波脊偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,印缅槽偏强,700hPa西北地区东部至华北偏南风异常偏强,赤道东太平洋出现冷水位相,西风漂流区海温偏高,印度洋海温偏低,陕西夏季易少雨。  相似文献   

15.
Bin Yu  Hai Lin 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(5-6):1183-1200
The secular trends and interannual variability of wintertime temperatures over northern extratropical lands and circulations over the northern hemisphere are examined using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis from 1961 to 2010. A primitive equation dry atmospheric model, driven by time-averaged forcing in each winter diagnosed from the NCEP reanalysis, is then employed to investigate the influences of tropical and extratropical forcing on the temperature and circulation variability. The model has no topography and the forcing is thus model specific. The dynamic and thermodynamic maintenances of the circulation and temperature anomalies are also diagnosed. Distinct surface temperature trends over 1961–1990 and 1991–2010 are found over most of the extratropical lands. The trend is stronger in the last two decades than that before 1990, particularly over eastern Canadian Arctic, Greenland, and Asia. The exchange of midlatitude and polar air supports the temperature trends. Both the diagnosed extratropical and tropical forcings contribute to the temperature and circulation trends over 1961–1990, while the extratropical forcing dominates tropical forcing for the trends over 1991–2010. The contribution of the tropical forcing to the trends is sensitive to the period considered. The temperature and circulation responses to the diagnosed tropical and extratropical forcings are approximately additive and partially offsetting. Covariances between the interannual surface temperature and 500-hPa geopotential anomalies for the NCEP reanalysis from 1961 to 2010 are dominated by two leading modes associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific-North American (PNA) teleconnection patterns. The diagnosed extratropical forcing accounts for a significant part of the NAO and PNA associated variability, including the interannual variability of stationary wave anomalies, as well as dynamically and thermodynamically synoptic eddy feedbacks over the North Atlantic and North Pacific. The tropical forcing contributes to the PNA related temperature and circulation variability, but has a small contribution to the NAO associated variability. Additionally, relative contributions of tropical Indian and Pacific forcings are also assessed.  相似文献   

16.
林家尧  王文  蔡晓军 《气象科学》2016,36(6):810-818
利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和地面观测资料,基于改进的综合气象干旱指数(IC)对长江中下游地区2011年春季和2013年夏季干旱过程的低频振荡特征进行了分析。结果表明:2011年春季干旱过程的主要低频IC周期为30~60 d,西太平洋500 hPa正异常低频高度场系统的西移、南支锋区上游500 hPa正异常低频高度场系统的东移和北扩、西北地区东部低层低频反气旋的向南移动可能是低频IC传播变化特征的重要原因。2013年夏季干旱过程的主要低频IC周期也为30~60 d,西亚和西北太平洋500 hPa正异常低频高度场向我国南方地区移动、孟加拉湾和西北太平洋的低层低频反气旋向西和向北移动与低频IC传播变化特征有重要联系。  相似文献   

17.
An intercomparison of summertime (JJA)subtropical geopotential heights from the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis is specifically conducted over East Eurasia and the western North Pacific. The NCEP/NCAR is obviously lower than the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere in most regions of East Eurasia before the mid-1970s, but becomes higher than the ERA-40 after the mid-1970s and thus demonstrates stronger increased trends during the period of 1958-2001. Both reanalyses are lower than the observations in most regions of China. The NCEP/NCAR especially shows tremendously systematic lower values before the mid-1960s and displays abrupt changes before the 1970s. Several indices of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), calculated from both reanalyzed summer geopotential heights, also reveal that the variation trend of the NCEP/NCAR is stronger than that of the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere from 1958 to 2001. Through singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, the summer geopotential heights at 500 hPa from the ERA-40 are better than the NCEP/NCAR counterparts at interacting with the precipitation over the East Asian monsoon region. The results indicate that the NCEP/NCAR in the mid-and-lower troposphere may overestimate interdecadal changes and should be used cautiously to study the relationship between the WNPSH and precipitation ove ther East Asia Monsoon region before the mid-1970s.  相似文献   

18.
An intercomparison of summertime (JJA) subtropical geopotential heights from the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis is specifically conducted over East Eurasia and the western North Pacific. The NCEP/NCAR is obviously lower than the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere in most regions of East Eurasia before the mid-1970s, but becomes higher than the ERA-40 after the mid-1970s and thus demonstrates stronger increased trends during the period of 1958--2001. Both reanalyses are lower than the observations in most regions of China. The NCEP/NCAR especially shows tremendously systematic lower values before the mid-1960s and displays abrupt changes before the 1970s. Several indices of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), calculated from both reanalyzed summer geopotential heights, also reveal that the variation trend of the NCEP/NCAR is stronger than that of the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere from 1958 to 2001. Through singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, the summer geopotential heights at 500 hPa from the ERA-40 are better than the NCEP/NCAR counterparts at interacting with the precipitation over the East Asian monsoon region. The results indicate that the NCEP/NCAR in the mid-and-lower troposphere may overestimate interdecadal changes and should be used cautiously to study the relationship between the WNPSH and precipitation ove ther East Asia Monsoon region before the mid-1970s.  相似文献   

19.
 An intercomparison of the thermal structure and the annual cycle in the tropical lower stratosphere of two reanalysis datasets is presented. These are from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF Re-Analysis: ERA). Generally, the ERA data are coldest and in better agreement with radiosonde observations; this is particularly apparent at 100 hPa where there is also a strong geographic bias, the maximum differences (more than 4 K) occurring over the southern Pacific and the Indian Ocean, with much smaller (sometimes reversed) differences over land. The NCEP temperatures are biased towards satellite-derived values, while the ERA data resolve the low tropopause temperatures much better. The lower ERA temperatures have important implications for the cross-tropopause exchange of water vapor. The meridional-height structure of the annual cycles agree quite well, but the amplitude in the ERA data is about 50% stronger than in NCEP at 70 hPa (in better agreement with previous studies) and weaker at lower pressures. As in previous studies, an anticorrelation is found between the tropical and extratropical temperatures of the reanalyses. The mean meridional flow at the equator is northward all year at all stratospheric levels in the NCEP data, implying a mass transport from the Southern to the Northern Hemisphere; in the ERA data the expected annual cycle (flow from summer to winter) is reproduced with very small annual mean exchange. Received: 17 June 1997/Accepted: 17 December 1997  相似文献   

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