共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
岩石裂隙的非饱和渗透特性是岩土、能源和环境等领域科学研究中的热点问题。采用三维激光扫描获取花岗岩裂隙的表面形貌特征,分析裂隙微观形貌特征对非饱和渗透特性的影响。研究在张拉、压缩、剪切等复杂荷载作用下裂隙开度分布的演化规律,建立复杂荷载作用下岩石裂隙非饱和毛细压力曲线演化模型。基于裂隙的微观形貌特征推导了岩石裂隙非饱和相对渗透系数模型,通过与试验数据对比,验证了模型的准确性和有效性,并在此基础上建立了复杂荷载作用下岩石裂隙非饱和相对渗透系数演化模型。研究成果对非饱和条件下裂隙岩体的水-力耦合机制研究具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
2.
Penecontemporary tectonic forms in basement areas: evidence derived from quarry exposures on northwestern Eyre Peninsula,South Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(2):101-113
Monitoring of quarry exposures on northwestern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia has shown that the granite domes of that region are structurally complex features, commonly with several structural domes within each topographic form. The rock masses are in horizontal compression so that few steeply inclined fractures have been penetrated by water and hence are not weathered, though sheet fractures, which are tectonic features, are arched, dilated, and thus readily infiltrated by water. Neotectonic forms, such as fault scarps, A-tents, or pop-ups, and disturbed blocks are still developing. These observations provide further evidence of neotectonism, even in cratonic lands. 相似文献
3.
水力压裂技术是成功实现干热岩资源开发利用的重要手段之一,数值模拟技术能够精准预测水力裂缝扩展。针对典型花岗岩,借助黏性单元法,分别模拟了致密花岗岩和天然裂缝存在情况下的水力裂缝扩展特征,得出以下结论：致密花岗岩的水力裂缝形态单一,天然裂缝的存在增加了压裂后裂缝的复杂性;致密花岗岩水力裂缝拓展主要分为憋压和拓展两个交替往复的阶段,当存在天然裂隙时,水力压裂过程会变得复杂;天然裂缝存在时,水力裂缝的缝长和缝宽分别为致密花岗岩的5. 7倍和1. 7倍;缝网的形成需要借助复杂的压裂工艺实现。研究结果可以为增强型地热系统(EGS)储层水力刺激工作提供理论支持。 相似文献
4.
赣北石门寺矿区位于下扬子成矿省江南地块中生代铜钼金银铅锌成矿带中.根据区域地质背景和矿床地质特征,详细分析了矿区围岩、母岩和控矿断裂等成矿地质条件.矿区钨多金属矿床的围岩为晋宁晚期黑云母花岗闪长岩,判断为新元古代在不成熟陆壳基础上发育而成的火山弧同碰撞过程中形成的S型花岗岩;燕山中期似斑状黑云母花岗岩、细粒黑云母花岗岩、花岗斑岩为成矿母岩,属硅、铝过饱和钙碱性岩石,为九岭岩基在陆内碰撞挤压环境下熔融、同源演化而成的S型花岗岩;石门寺断裂与仙果山—大湖塘－狮尾洞基底断裂的交叉部位控制着矿区燕山中期含矿花岗岩的侵位和钨多金属矿床的分布,为矿区的控矿断裂. 相似文献
5.
为了研究双轴压缩下预制裂隙岩样宏细观力学行为及裂纹扩展模式,采用颗粒流程序（PFC）先分析平行粘结模型细观参数对宏观参数的影响,接着结合完整花岗岩常规三轴压缩试验结果对其细观参数进行标定,最后借助该组参数模拟有围压下预制裂隙（上裂隙①和下裂隙②）岩样的力学特性。研究表明:基于PFC程序和标定的参数能较好地模拟完整岩样的破坏情况;随着围压增大,双裂隙岩样的峰值强度和弹性模量均增大,且裂隙②与水平向夹角α2为90°时,两者均达到最大值;不同的α2下,各岩样的裂纹演化均经过裂纹萌生、发展和稳定等3个阶段;随着围压的降低和轴向应力的增大,颗粒间的力链破坏情况愈严重。由于拉伸力链的集中和分布不同,水平裂隙长度方向上的裂纹沿着轴向扩展,且两裂隙的贯通呈现不同方式。 相似文献
6.
Stress wave attenuation across fractured rock masses is a great concern of underground structure safety. This paper presents an analytical study on wave attenuation across parallel fractures at arbitrary incidence angles, where multiple reflections occurring between fractures are taken into account. Combined with displacement discontinuous model, plane wave analysis and propagator matrix method are applied to develop relations between the first layer and the nth layer with respect to potential amplitudes or displacements and stresses in matrix form. With initial and boundary conditions for different scenarios, potential amplitudes in any layer or displacements and stresses at any point can be obtained by solving corresponding matrixes. After parametric studies, it is found that parameters including incidence angle, normalized fracture stiffness, number of fractures, and fracture spacing have obvious effects on wave attenuation across parallel fractures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Qinghua Lei Xiaoguang Wang Jiansheng Xiang John-Paul Latham 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(8):2251-2262
A study about the influence of polyaxial (true-triaxial) stresses on the permeability of a three-dimensional (3D) fractured rock layer is presented. The 3D fracture system is constructed by extruding a two-dimensional (2D) outcrop pattern of a limestone bed that exhibits a ladder structure consisting of a “through-going” joint set abutted by later-stage short fractures. Geomechanical behaviour of the 3D fractured rock in response to in-situ stresses is modelled by the finite-discrete element method, which can capture the deformation of matrix blocks, variation of stress fields, reactivation of pre-existing rough fractures and propagation of new cracks. A series of numerical simulations is designed to load the fractured rock using various polyaxial in-situ stresses and the stress-dependent flow properties are further calculated. The fractured layer tends to exhibit stronger flow localisation and higher equivalent permeability as the far-field stress ratio is increased and the stress field is rotated such that fractures are preferentially oriented for shearing. The shear dilation of pre-existing fractures has dominant effects on flow localisation in the system, while the propagation of new fractures has minor impacts. The role of the overburden stress suggests that the conventional 2D analysis that neglects the effect of the out-of-plane stress (perpendicular to the bedding interface) may provide indicative approximations but not fully capture the polyaxial stress-dependent fracture network behaviour. The results of this study have important implications for understanding the heterogeneous flow of geological fluids (e.g. groundwater, petroleum) in subsurface and upscaling permeability for large-scale assessments. 相似文献
8.
Validating the ability of the discontinuous deformation analysis method to model normal P‐wave propagation across rock fractures 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The effects of fractures on wave propagation problems are increasingly abstracting the attention of scholars and engineers in rock engineering field. This study aims to fully validate the ability of discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) to model normal P‐wave propagation across rock fractures. The effects of a single fracture and multiple parallel fractures are all tested. The results indicate that DDA can accurately reflect the fracture effects, including the fractures stiffness, the fracture spacing and the fracture number, and the effects of incident wave frequency on one‐dimensional P‐wave propagation problems. Thus, DDA is able to deal well with normal incident P‐wave propagation problems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
裂隙的剪胀特性及扩展演化规律对岩体的渗流特性具有重要影响。为揭示裂隙剪胀及扩展演化对岩体渗流的影响,基于残余强度提出了一种能较好描述岩石硬化-软化特性的全剪切本构关系;结合剪切变形与裂隙开度的关系,利用最小势能原理和立方定律,建立了压剪作用下考虑裂隙剪胀特性的渗流应力耦合模型;假定压剪作用下裂隙发生Ⅰ型扩展,提出了伴有翼型裂纹的渗流模型,该模型不仅考虑了岩石的剪胀特性,更反映了裂隙扩展过程渗流的演化规律。对不同裂隙粗糙度的剪切应力-位移曲线进行分析,全剪切本构模型表现出较高的拟合精度。在剪切应力-位移关系基础上,通过剪切渗流试验数据对压剪作用下渗流模型进行验证,结果表明,该模型能较好地描述岩体剪胀阶段渗透性演化规律。利用等效裂隙简化裂隙网络,并通过试验数据进行验证,证实了裂隙扩展过程渗流-应力耦合模型的准确性与适用性。 相似文献
10.
Cone-sheets are a significant constituent of many central volcanoes, where they contribute to volcano growth by intrusion and through flank eruptions, although the exact emplacement mechanisms are still controversially discussed. In particular, it is not yet fully resolved whether cone-sheets propagate as magma-driven, opening-mode fractures or as shear fractures, and to what extent pre-existing host-rock structures and different stress fields influence cone-sheet emplacement. To shed further light on the role of these parameters in cone-sheet emplacement, we use detailed field and remote sensing data of the classic Ardnamurchan cone-sheet swarm in NW-Scotland, and we show that the cone-sheets primarily propagated as opening-mode fractures in the σ1–σ2 plane of the volcanic stress field. In addition, more than one third of the Ardnamurchan cone-sheet segments are parallel to lineaments that form a conjugate set of NNW and WNW striking fractures and probably reflect the regional NW–SE orientation of σ1 during emplacement in the Palaeogene. Cone-sheets exploit these lineaments within the NE and SW sectors of the Ardnamurchan central complex, which indicates that the local volcanic stress field dominated during sheet propagation and only allowed exploitation of host-rock discontinuities that were approximately parallel to the sheet propagation path. In addition, outcrop-scale deflections of cone-sheets into sills and back into cone-sheets (also referred to as “staircase” geometry) are explained by the interaction of stresses at the propagating sheet tip with variations in host-rock strength, as well as the influence of sheet-induced strain. As a consequence, cone-sheets associated with sill-like segments propagate as mixed-mode I/II fractures. Hence, cone-sheet emplacement requires a dynamic model that takes into account stress fields at various scales and the way propagating magma interacts with the host rock and its inherent variations in rock strength. 相似文献
11.
V. Palchik 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(6):2075-2086
The axial, crack and total volumetric strains, porosity, elastic constants, crack damage stresses, uniaxial compressive strengths, as well as fracture apertures and number of fracture traces in rock samples surface after compression were defined for different chalk, basalt, dolomite, granite, limestone and sandstone samples exhibiting negative total volumetric strain at failure. It is established that the total (summed) aperture of vertical fractures obtained on the lateral surface of rock sample is related to three characteristic strain parameters: axial strain at the onset of negative total volumetric strain, axial failure strain and negative total volumetric strain at failure. The relation is based on Descartes folium equation, where the length of the loop of folium is equal to axial strain coordinate at the onset of negative total volumetric strain. This relation shows that the total aperture increases according to power law with increasing difference between axial failure strain and axial strain at the onset of negative total volumetric strain. Simultaneously, an increase in this difference leads to an increase in the value of negative total volumetric strain at failure. It is found that a direct correlation between total aperture of fractures and negative total volumetric strain at failure is relatively weak. Nevertheless, total aperture of fractures tends to increase with increasing absolute value of negative total volumetric strain at failure. It is revealed that there is no connection between the number of fracture traces and negative total volumetric strain at failure. 相似文献
12.
Stress wave attenuation across fractured rock masses is a great concern of underground structure safety. When the wave amplitude is large, fractures experience nonlinear deformation during the wave propagation. This paper presents a study on normal transmission of P‐wave across parallel fractures with nonlinear deformational behaviour (static Barton–Bandis model). The results show that the magnitude of transmission coefficient is a function of incident wave amplitude, nondimensional fracture spacing and number of fractures. Two important indices of nondimensional fracture spacing are identified, and they divide the area of nondimensional fracture spacing into three parts (individual fracture area, transition area and small spacing area). In the different areas, the magnitude of transmission coefficient has different trends with nondimensional fracture spacing and number of fractures. In addition, the study reveals that under some circumstances, the magnitude of transmission coefficient increases with increasing number of fractures, and is larger than 1. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
Water plays an important role in the mechanical properties of roadway surrounding rocks and poses a great threat to their stability. To study the damage and failure characteristics, and the fracture development laws of surrounding rock, a uniaxial compression test for prefabricated fractures in water-bearing surrounding rock was carried out. Results indicate that water-bearing prefabricated fracture specimens are in better development condition after failure. In water-bearing specimens, the propagation direction is more complex. There are more secondary fissures, and the fracture strength is significantly lower than in dry specimens. When immersed in water, the interior structure of surrounding rock is weakened and softened; thus, the intensity is reduced, and the development and propagation of fractures is promoted. For larger angles of the prefabricated fractures, the compression failure of surrounding rock changes into shear failure. As the angles approach 90°, the shear failure again prevails. Therefore, the strength of the surrounding rock firstly decreases and then increases. A new ultimate stress strength model is developed for fractures caused by shear slip failure in water-bearing surrounding rock. The model results are consistent with the experimental results, and the validity of the model is verified. These results are helpful for deeply understanding the failure process of water-bearing surrounding rock with prefabricated fractures. The proposed model could be used for the evaluation of water-bearing surrounding rock stability in coal mines, as well as dynamic risk monitoring. 相似文献
14.
Influence of Sample Height-to-Width Ratios on Failure Mode for Rectangular Prism Samples of Hard Rock Loaded In Uniaxial Compression 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Surface-parallel slabbing is a failure mode often observed in highly stressed hard rocks in underground excavations. This
paper presents the results of experimental studies on slabbing failure of hard rock with different sample height-to-width
ratios. The main purpose of this study was to find out the condition to create slabbing failure under uniaxial compression
and to determine the slabbing strength of hard rock in the laboratory. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out using five
groups of granite specimens. The mechanical parameters of the sample rock, Iddefjord granite from Norway, were measured on
the cylindrical and Brazilian disc specimens. The transition of the failure mode was studied using rectangular prism specimens.
The initiation and the propagation of slabbing fractures in specimens were identified by examining the relationship among
the applied stress, strain and the acoustic emission. The stress thresholds identified were compared to those reported by
other authors for crack initiation and brittle failure. It is observed that the macro failure mode will be transformed from
shear to slabbing when the height/width ratio is reduced to 0.5 in the prism specimens under uniaxial compression. Micro σ
1-parallel fractures initiate when the lateral strain departs from its linearity. Slabbing fractures are approximately parallel
to the loading direction. Labotatory tests show that the slabbing strength (σ
sl) of hard rock is about 60% of its uniaxial compression strength. It means that if the maximum tangential stress surrounding
an underground excavation reaches about the slabbing threshold, slabbing fractures may take place on the boundary of the excavation.
Therefore, the best way to stop or eliminate slabbing failure is to control the excavation boundary to avoid the big stress
concentration, so that the maximum tangential stress could be under the slabbing threshold. 相似文献
15.
针对不同层理面强度的缓倾斜层状岩体在单轴压缩试验中产生不同破坏形式的问题,以室内原岩单轴压缩试验结果为依据,采用颗粒流程序建立了缓倾斜层状岩体单轴压缩数值模型,研究了不同层理面强度条件下的缓倾斜层状岩体强度及破坏形式变化特征,并分析了不同工况时缓倾斜层状岩体微裂纹发育及演化规律和细观颗粒的位移演化规律,研究表明:当层理面强度远小于层理面间完整岩体强度时,层理面在一定程度上降低了层状岩体的整体强度,宏观破断面为沿层理面和贯穿层理面的折线型破断面;当层理面强度与层理面间完整岩体强度相近时,宏观破断面主要为光滑单斜面;当层理面强度远大于层理面间完整岩体强度时,层状岩体的强度由层理面间完整岩体的强度决定,宏观破断面主要为X型共轭破坏面。 相似文献
16.
岩体内裂隙等非连续结构面对岩体的强度及变形等力学特性有着显著的影响,研究岩体裂隙起裂、扩展、相互作用和贯通机制,对工程岩体力学行为的表征和工程性能的评价十分重要。本文基于连续介质力学模型的离散元方法,通过考虑裂隙分布、模型加载条件及其与裂隙产状的关系,建立了一系列裂隙力学计算模型,研究了不同模型裂隙扩展演化特征和岩体破裂机制,分析了岩体裂隙扩展规律及其对岩体破坏路径和强度的影响,研究结果表明:（1）裂隙岩体模型加载条件下的破坏起裂点、最终贯通破坏特征及损伤分布受控于裂隙的产状及其与最大主压应力取向角度大小及围压大小。（2）裂隙弱面走向与最大主压应力取向斜交时,裂隙弱面在加载条件下其端部裂隙扩展、贯通破坏表现比较明显,反之,当裂隙弱面走向与最大主压应力取向一致时,裂隙弱面被动影响裂隙模型内新生裂隙的萌生、扩展和贯通模式,自身未出现新的扩展破坏。（3）裂隙数目的增多和围压的增大会显著增加模型内部剪切裂缝的数量和模型破坏后的破碎程度,模型内部的损伤区域主要围绕破裂面呈滑移线型交叉分布,非破裂面区域损伤呈条带状X型分布。（4）裂隙弱面走向与最大主压应力取向斜交时,裂隙对岩体模型强度的弱化程度高于裂隙弱面走向与最大主压应力取向一致的情况,而裂隙模型破坏后的残余强度则正好相反。 相似文献
17.
岩体中普遍存在着断层﹑节理和裂隙等结构面,这些结构面的存在和发展对岩体的整体强度﹑变形及稳定性有极大的影响。因此,研究岩体中原生结构面的萌生﹑发展以及贯通演化过程对评估岩体工程安全性和可靠性具有非常重要的理论与现实意义。扩展有限元法（XFEM）作为一种求解不连续问题的有效数值方法,模拟裂隙时独立于网格,因此,在模拟岩体裂隙扩展﹑水力劈裂等方面具有独特优势。针对扩展有限元法的基本理论及其在岩体裂隙扩展模拟中的应用展开了研究,建立了扩展有限元法求解岩体裂隙摩擦接触、岩体裂隙破坏等问题的数值模型,并将计算模型应用于岩质边坡稳定性分析和重力坝坝基断裂破坏等工程问题。 相似文献
18.
为研究填充裂隙水流速度对岩体温度和应力的影响，选取甘肃北山地区的花岗岩，制作了稀疏非正交裂隙岩体模
型，采用河砂填充裂隙后进行模型试验；并对模型试验进行离散元数值模拟，分析了模型试验所测岩体温度和热应力与数
值模拟结果的差异和原因。结果显示：填砂裂隙强化了裂隙介质的热导能力，无填充时岩体温度和热应力比填砂时低；模
型试验和离散元模拟均表明，岩体温度和岩体应力随裂隙水流速度增大而减小，但是系统达到稳态所需要的时间变短；模
型试验中斜裂隙水流对温度场起主要作用；由于现有3DEC软件不能考虑水的热物性参数随温度的变化，进而产生自然对
流换热，斜裂隙水流和靠近热源侧的竖裂隙水流对温度场起主要作用。 相似文献
19.
为研究填充裂隙水流速度对岩体温度和应力的影响,选取甘肃北山地区的花岗岩,制作了稀疏非正交裂隙岩体模
型,采用河砂填充裂隙后进行模型试验;并对模型试验进行离散元数值模拟,分析了模型试验所测岩体温度和热应力与数
值模拟结果的差异和原因。结果显示：填砂裂隙强化了裂隙介质的热导能力,无填充时岩体温度和热应力比填砂时低;模
型试验和离散元模拟均表明,岩体温度和岩体应力随裂隙水流速度增大而减小,但是系统达到稳态所需要的时间变短;模
型试验中斜裂隙水流对温度场起主要作用;由于现有3DEC软件不能考虑水的热物性参数随温度的变化,进而产生自然对
流换热,斜裂隙水流和靠近热源侧的竖裂隙水流对温度场起主要作用。 相似文献
20.
Experimental studies were carried out in laboratory in order to investigate the effects of fracture on compressional (P) wave and shear (S) wave velocity propagation and therefore the relations between seismic properties and rock mass parameters. The discontinuity index, Id, fracture density parameter C, linear fracture parameter Γ and the rock quality designation (RQD) were used to describe the rock mass parameters. These parameters are analyzed and then related to the seismic properties. Four vertical aligned fractures were created on an intact calcarenite block, 0.6 m long, 0.4 m thick and 0.4 m width, by sawing. The measures were carried out in four different blocks of cacarenite, having the same physical properties, and in four different phases: in first block the fractures were filled with air; in the second block the fractures were filled with “terra rossa”; in third block the fractures were filled with wet “terra rossa” and in the fourth block the fractures were filled with clay. The test results were statistically analysed using the method of least squares regression and polynomial relationships with high correlation coefficient were found between the fractured rock parameters and P-wave, S-wave velocities and Vp/Vs ratio. The investigations suggest that the P-wave and S-wave velocities decrease with increasing the fracture parameters, while the Vp/Vs ratio increases with decreasing the fracture parameters.
Furthermore the results of the experimental studies were applied on the seismic refraction tomography data acquired in a great measurements campaign undertaken in the Adriatic salentina coast (south Italy) in order to monitor the coastal erosion.
The geophysical results, using the polynomial relationships between the fractured rock parameters and P-wave velocity, are in good agreement with the geomorphological and geological results. 相似文献