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本文简要地介绍了拉姆齐(Ramsayer)等人提出的适应图象识别算法,并对它应用于确定地震危险区时存在的某些问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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图象识别是近二十年来发展起来的一门学科,它已广泛应用于许多领域中。盖尔芬德(I.M.Gelfand)、普雷斯(F.Press)等人将它用于地震危险区的划分。本文将图象识别方法用于地震预测中,以识别强震发生的时间。 按一定标准将所研究的全部时间划分为危险时间段D和不危险时间段N。以问题表的形式提出大地震前中等地震活动的特性,然后分两步进行图象识别: 1.学习。对P个时间段m个问题的回答是mp的矩阵,回答以二进制(是或非)表示。通过学习,识别出一个、两个或三个问题组合的新特征,称之为D和N的性质。 2.投票。D和N性质数目的差是△,当△大于或等于某阈值时,则识别为危险段D,否则为N。 结果表明,大地震发生前的一定时期内,中等地震活动增至一定水平、相差半级的中等地震活动水平的比值较正常情况增高以及大震前中等地震活动随时间增强等性质的综合,表明未来时间段內可能发生大地震。 此外还作了控制试验,说明图象识别结果是稳定的。 相似文献
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模式识别是一门年青的学科。Gelfand、Press和Briggs等人都曾将此方法用于危险区的划分及研究地震与钱德勒颤动等的关系。有关模式识别在地震学中应用的概况,请参看文献[3]。 在“大震前地震活动的图象识别”一文中,我们将模式识别方法用于识别强震发生的时间,我们曾得到:“大震发生前的一定时间内,中等地震活动增至一定水平、相差半级 相似文献
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年度地震危险区预测问题的几点初步思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过我国年度地震危险区预测对应情况的简要分析，认为年度地震危险区判定的时效定位和异常依据的选取等存在值得注意的问题。提出年尺度中期或中短期地震危险区预测应根据不同地区震情跟踪研究进行科学的动态判定。 相似文献
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地震危险区的边界划分探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文针对目前地震危险区边界划分上存在的问题,从地震地质和地震构造的角度,结合测震学方法进行了分析,指出地震分布和地震危险区边界划定与活动构造有密切的联系。依据这一思想,阐明了构造活动与地震活动的关系,初步提出了地震危险区边界判析的原则,即把地震危险区限制在一定的地震构造区(带);其边界依据活动构造划定;在地震危险区内部进行发震构造条件研究,并对这些发震构造(活断层)进行活动度分析;分层次地对地震危险区范围及其危险度进行确定。 本文着重进行了活动构造的研究,对中国大陆的活断层、新生代盆地、地形面以及古地震等作了活动时代、活动性质、活动强度等多方面的论述。 相似文献
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对青海省1990年以来年度地震危险区进行了分析,整理总结了青海省年度地震危险区的分布、预测面积及地震对应情况,得出预测正确率为52％。将预测基本准确的地震危险区进行归并,得到确定的地震危险区共有5块：祁连地震带、三湖地区、库玛地震带东段甘青川交界地区及共和地区、唐古拉地区、茫崖地区。对历史地震危险区的整理和初步研究,对今后地震趋势预测研究积累一些值得参考的认识和经验。 相似文献
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地震危险区划工作是地震工作的一项重要任务,但是地震危险区划工作本身往往具有一定的模糊性。本文正是基于地震危险区划工作的这种特点,用模糊聚类的方法,对四川地区地震危险区作出一定的估计,取得了一些初步的结果。一、模糊聚类的基本思想及方法所谓模糊聚类,就是把所给定的对象在某种意义下分成相似的族, 相似文献
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新疆是我国大陆地区开展年度地震趋势预测最早的省区之一,自1973年以来累计划定105个年度地震危险区。整理总结新疆年度地震危险区的时、空分布及地震对应情况,结果表明年度地震预测总报准率为26％,相当于全国的平均预测水平;年度危险区预测数量与预测面积基本成正比;危险区划定次数最多的构造区域是北天山中西段,以下依次是柯枰块区、乌恰-喀什地区、南天山东段、乌鲁木齐地区、西昆仑地区和阿勒泰-富蕴地区,其中北天山中西段和乌恰-喀什危险区的时、空继承性较强,但预测效果相对较差。对新疆年度地震危险区的历史资料进行整理和总结,能为今后更好地提高新疆年度预测水平积累一些参考经验。 相似文献
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Vibration isolation of structures from ground-transmitted waves by open trenches in isotropic, linearly elastic or viscoelastic soil with a shear modulus varying continuously with depth is numerically studied. Both an exponential and a linear shear modulus variation with depth are used in this work. Waves produced by the harmonic motion of a rigid surface machine foundation are considered. The problem is solved by the frequency domain boundary element method employing the Green's function of Kausel-Peek-Hull for a thin layered half-space. Thus only the trench perimeter and the soil-foundation interface need essentially to be discretized. The proposed methodology is first tested for accuracy by solving two Rayleigh wave propagation problems in nonhomogeneous soil with known analytical solutions and/or for which experimental results are available. Then the method is applied to vibration isolation problems and the effect of the inhomogeneity on the wave screening effectiveness of trenches is studied. 相似文献
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A.S. Grigoryev I.M. Volovich A.V. Mikhailova Yu.L. Rebetsky Z.E. Shakhmuradova 《Journal of Geodynamics》1988,9(2-4)
The equilibrium of an infinite linearly viscous layer overlying a rigid basement which is separated into blocks by a narrow plane slit is considered. The state of stress in the layer is caused by slow translational motions of the basement blocks. This spatial problem is shown to separate into problems of plane and anti-plane strain; their solutions are constructed in analytic form. The theoretical study was accompanied by modelling experiments. The results are applied to a kinematic interpretation of recent movements in sediments. 相似文献
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《Advances in water resources》2005,28(10):1048-1056
For steady two-dimensional free surface flow over a horizontal impervious base, the Dupuit–Forchheimer theory assumes that the vertical component of velocity is zero, even for non-zero accretion rate at the free surface. This is improved by assuming that the vertical velocity component is zero at the base, and is proportional to height above the base. This requires the piezometric head to depend linearly on the square of the height, and the two parameters in this relation can be fitted to the two boundary conditions at the free surface, to give an expression for the free surface slope in terms of accretion, free surface height, and the pressure integral. For problems in which the pressure integral is known explicitly, this first order of ordinary differential equation for the free surface height can be solved numerically. The solutions are more accurate than the Dupuit–Forchheimer expressions for the free surface, and much easier to calculate than numerical solutions to the full two-dimensional problem. Four examples are given, leading to some simple analytical approximations for quantities of interest. 相似文献
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A generalized dual porosity method (GDPM) has been developed to incorporate sub-grid scale heterogeneity into large-scale flow and transport simulations. The method is spatially variable in the sense that the method can be applied with different levels of resolution for different spatial nodes in the simulation. The method utilizes the nodal connectivity structure and linear equation solvers of unstructured grids like those used in the finite element method, and can be applied to any problem without externally modifying the numerical grid. The algorithm scales linearly in CPU time and storage with the number of GDPM nodes. We demonstrate the utility and computational efficiency of the technique with two verification problems and an example problem of a field site. 相似文献
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V. G. Getmanov A. D. Gvishiani K. Stroker G. Mungov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2012,48(9-10):671-679
The problem of recognizing the time intervals with Rayleigh-wave disturbances in the signals from the depth pressure transducers of the ocean-bottom seismic stations (OBS) is considered in the context of the tsunami-warning problem. A new recognition algorithm, which makes use of the frequency-time distribution functions (FTD) of the OBS signals, and the decision-making procedure based on the comparison of the calculated and reference FTD functions are developed. The results of recognizing the Rayleigh wave disturbances in the OBS signals are presented. The suggested approach can serve as an efficient means for solving the problems of recognition and classification of the disturbances in the time series of various geophysical observations. 相似文献
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BP神经网络和支持向量机(SVM)是两种主流的分类识别方法,用于天然地震和人工爆炸事件波形信号分类识别时取得了较好的效果。但BP神经网络存在易陷入局部最优及隐层数和隐层节点数与训练样本数据密切相关而无法有效预先确定;而支持向量机(SVM)方法则缺乏有效手段来选取合适的核函数,从中不能很好地扩展到多分类。针对天然地震和人工爆炸事件波形信号的分类识别问题,文中将上述两种方法和集成学习——BP-Adaboost方法进行了对比实验研究。据对所选用的地震、爆炸事件波形信号数据集的分类识别结果表明,BP-Adaboost方法得到了98%以上的正确识别率,并且具有较好的泛化能力。相较于BP神经网络和PCA-SVM方法,BP-Adaboost方法对于数据集的划分和识别结果具有更好的鲁棒性,应用于天然地震和人工爆炸事件波形信号分类识别时,可取得更好的识别效果。同时,结合Adaboost方法的原理,阐述了BP-Adaboost方法拥有更好分类结果和泛化能力的原因。 相似文献
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A new iterative algorithm for interactive multiobjective programming is proposed. The algorithm is based on the Lagrange multiplier technique of generating noninferior solutions, and it is shown to converge under certain conditions. It reduces a complex multiobjective problem into a sequence of two-objective problems which the decision maker can handle more easily. The number of two-objective problems with which the decision maker is confronted, as well as the total number of noninferior solutions that must be generated, increase more or less linearly with the number of objectives. Computational efficiency is further enhanced by avoiding the need for regression. The decision maker interacts with the model directly in the functional space, and he is not required to translate his judgment of relative worth into numbers. Due to the iterative nature of the algorithm, the decision maker can articulate his preferences in a progressive manner. Furthermore, he may modify his attitude at any stage of the computation, based on partial results, without adversely affecting the quality of the solution. An example problem previously solved by other methods, including the surrogate worth trade-off approach, is used to illustrate the new algorithm. 相似文献
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针对随机地震反演中存在的两个主要问题,随机实现含有噪声和难以从大量随机实现中挖掘有效信息,提出了一种基于神经网络的随机地震反演方法.通过对多组随机实现及其正演地震数据的计算,构建了基于序贯高斯模拟的训练集.这也为应用神经网络求解地球物理反问题,提供了一种有效建立训练集的方法.较之传统的神经网络反演,这种训练集不仅保证了学习样本具有多样性,同时还引入了空间相关性.数值模拟结果表明,该方法只需要通过单层前馈神经网络,就可以比较有效的解决一个500个阻抗参数的反演问题. 相似文献
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Artificial neural networks for parameter estimation in geophysics 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
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随着世界上多个国家和地区的地震预警系统投入运行,误报和漏报等问题逐渐突显,特别是将标定以及强干扰波形误识别为大震事件,快速、精确地区分地震与其他波形是一个难题。针对于此,该研究提出了基于卷积神经网络地震波形智能识别方法。首先收集并处理了2012—2017年中国境内福建以及周边邻省共683个地震和478个爆破事件,并对这些样本筛选、截取和基线校正等预处理,共得到了27 500条三通道波形。在此基础上,构建了3 s波形输入的卷积神经网络模型(SW-CNN)。结果表明：模型对地震、噪声、爆破和异常波形的识别率分别为97.9、99、99.2和99.3%。相比于人工手动分类识别,该模型更省时和更稳定,为地震预警目前所面临的问题提供了一个新的解决方法。 相似文献