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1.
GIS-based spatial and temporal prediction system development for regional land subsidence hazard mitigation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
An integrated GIS-based approach for establishing a spatial and temporal prediction system for groundwater flow and land subsidence is proposed and applied to a subsidence-progressed Japanese coastal plain. Various kinds of fundamental data relating to groundwater flow and land subsidence are digitized and entered into a GIS database. A surface water hydrological cycle simulation is performed using a GIS spatial data operation for the entire plain, and the spatial and temporal groundwater infiltration quantity is hereby obtained. Through the data transformation from the GIS database to a groundwater flow code (MODFLOW), a 3D groundwater flow model is established and unsteady groundwater flow simulation for the past 21 years is conducted with results which compare satisfactorily with observed results. Finally, a Visual Basic code is developed for land subsidence calculations considering aquifer and aquitard deformation. Future land subsidence in the plain is predicted assuming different water pumping scenarios, and the results provide important information for land subsidence mitigation decision-making. 相似文献
2.
Land subsidence caused by the excessive use of groundwater resources has caused serious damage to Rafsanjan area. In this study, using finite element method, a 2D plain strain simulation of land subsidence has been conducted. A linear elastic constitutive law has been used for the simulation of the soil material skeleton. Actual water level during the analysis period has been modeled via specifying nodal water pressure at piezometer wells situation. The solution procedure consists of two parts. First, an initial static analysis is carried out in order to find initial steady-state solution for the pore pressure and stress distribution. Then, the above solution is used as initial condition for dynamic computation of consolidation equations during pumpage period. Tectonic effect has been considered as a rigid body motion. Numerical results showed that if the rate of pumpage remains constant in the future, settlement due to water withdrawal near Rafsanjan city will reach up to 110 cm by the year 2022. 相似文献
3.
北京地下水系统演化与地面沉降过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用地下水动态监测网、GPS监测网数据、气象监测数据与SAR数据、GIS等技术相结合,建立地下水系统演化与地面沉降过程模型,系统分析了北京地区地下水降落漏斗区地面沉降的形成过程。研究表明:降雨量呈逐年下降趋势,地下水开采量随之增大;平原区地下水位呈下降趋势,间接导致了地下水降落漏斗和地面沉降的形成演化。地面沉降对地下水降落漏斗的响应模式存在着季节与年际差异性,时空分布上存在不均匀性,最大地面沉降速率约为41.43 mm/a;揭示了地下水降落漏斗与地面沉降漏斗空间展布特性存在一致性,但并非完全吻合。 相似文献
4.
为了分析黄河三角洲地下水动态及其与地面沉降的关系, 利用多年地下水和地面沉降监测数据, 发现黄河三角洲广饶县和东营区的地下水动态变化剧烈且地面沉降严重, 含水层多处于超采状态, 浅、深层地下水降落漏斗先后出现.深层地下水降落漏斗中心水位下降速度达2~3m/a.近年来, 东营和广饶地面沉降漏斗中心沉降量和速率分别为155.1mm、28.2mm/a和356.0mm、64.7mm/a.借助GIS技术及数理统计法, 发现深层地下水降落漏斗与沉降漏斗空间耦合良好, 深层地下水位与地面高程呈线性正相关, 相关系数为0.92, 深层地下水过度开采已成为影响沉降的最根本因素.井灌区第三粘性压缩层成为地面沉降主要贡献层, 且深层地下水降落漏斗中心的地下水位已低于第三承压含水层临界水位, 沉降趋于严重. 相似文献
5.
海河平原东部地区地面沉降机理与趋势 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
海河平原东部地区是中国水资源最紧缺的地区之一。地下水开采量占该地区供水总水量的60％以上。深、浅层地下水超采量均超过500亿m^3。该区也是山前拦蓄地表径流最高的地区,大小水库达1820多座,拦蓄能力320亿m^3,控制山区流域面积近90％。在地下水补给源减少与大规模超采地下水的综合作用下,造成平原区河流干涸、地下水水位持续下降、含水层疏干及地面沉降等环境地质问题。同时诱发了含水层之间强越流渗透以求动力场平衡问题,第四系松散地层出现垂向压密而导致地层塑性变形。在滨海平原区,区域性地层垂向压密变形存在缓慢发展趋势。研究表明,地面沉降致灾过程至少存在3个阶段,即自然沉降机制阶段、缓变劣变质变阶段以及快速衰变破坏阶段。缓变劣变质变阶段是采取措施减灾最佳时期。 相似文献
6.
长江三角洲地区深基坑降水复杂,且极易引起地面沉降地质灾害问题,传统的基于地下水动力学原理的解析解模型(Theis公式或Dupuit公式)已难以满足降水设计模拟计算的需要,尤其是无法预测降水引起的地面沉降问题,深基坑降水与地面沉降耦合模型将地下水渗流模型和土体应力-应变模型耦合起来,可根据基坑地下水位的控制要求,同时模拟计算出降水井的布局、各井的开采量和地面沉降量。据此确定出的基坑降水方案既能满足地下水位的控制要求,又能对降水引起的地面沉降进行最优化控制。 相似文献
7.
鲁北平原地下水的劣变特征与可持续利用的对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2005年相对于20世纪70年代,鲁北平原开采机井数由9．29万眼增至28．76万眼．浅层水、深层水开采量分别增加了近2倍和3．76倍。长期超量开采和不合理的开采布局,使地下水水位持续下降、含水层疏干体积不断增加、地下水位降落漏斗持续扩展．并产生地面沉降、成水入侵等环境地质问题。采取农业节水、调整工业开采强度布局、加强浅层水均衡开发利用、地表水与地下水联合调蓄、本地劣质水资源化、保护和涵养深层地下水资源等举措,修复和涵养鲁北平原超采区的深层地下水系统势在必行。 相似文献
8.
淮南采煤沉陷区积水来源的氢氧稳定同位素证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
淮南是我国东部重要的能源基地,由于长期地下采煤,地表形成大面积的采煤沉陷区并积水,造成严重地质灾害。针对于此,部分学者提出利用采煤沉陷区建立"平原水库"解决周边地区干旱年份农田缺水问题的设想。然而,一方面,由于煤层上覆几百米厚的新生代沉积,采煤塌陷形成的沉陷裂隙是否沟通了不同含水层之间的水力联系,并因此改变了这个地区的地下水系统,成为区域水资源评价需要了解的一个重要科学问题;另一方面,建立"平原水库"需要有稳定的补给水源,采煤形成的沉陷裂隙如果沟通了地下不同深度含水层的水力联系,是否使地下水成为塌陷区除降雨外的重要补给来源,这就成为评价"平原水库"水资源潜力的重要参考依据。氢氧稳定同位素是示踪天然水体水来源的重要手段,笔者在淮南矿区采集了旱季和雨季的浅层地下水、河水、雨水、沉陷区的积水等不同水体的水样23件,分析了其氢氧稳定同位素组成并与深层地下水进行对比。结果表明:雨季和旱季,该地区采煤沉陷区积水的氢氧稳定同位素组成都非常接近大气降水的氢氧稳定同位素组成,而与深层地下水的氢氧稳定同位素组成相差较大,说明采煤沉陷区的积水来源主要是大气降水补给。采煤沉陷区的沉陷裂隙贯穿了整个新生代地层,使地表水发生下渗与在深部与深层地下水发生不同程度的混合,而深层地下水尚不是"平原水库"的稳定补给源。 相似文献
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10.
Quantitative and qualitative simulation of groundwater by mathematical models in Rafsanjan aquifer using MODFLOW and MT3DMS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Agriculture sector by using 80% of freshwater is the greatest water consumer in Iran. Excessive use of agricultural fertilizers in last decade, caused accumulation of enormous amounts of salts and subsequence declined the physical properties of soil. In desert and dry regions such as Rafsanjan plain, use of the groundwater resources is more than the surface water resources. Therefore, information about the quality of these resources remains a necessary task for optimum management, protection of water resources, and stopping the future damages. In this study, the groundwater quantity and quality of Rafsanjan plain was investigated by MODFLOW and MT3DMS. The presented quantitative model for this aquifer was compared by observed data and calibrated. This model was used to predict a 10-year period. Results show that water elevation decreases approximately 15 m for 10 years to come in this plain. Qualitative model results show that most quality parameters will increase. Electrical conductivity will increase more than other parameters. As values of this parameter will reach 16,000 µs/l for next 5 years. Therefore, we suggest that exploitation of water from these resources should be reduced and discharge from some of agricultural wells stop; also we suggested that recharge to groundwater resources should be increased and agricultural activities should be limited or improved using of modern irrigation systems in this plain. 相似文献
11.
冲洪积平原地面沉降特征及主控因素——以北京平原为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
北京由于长期过量开采地下水,相继引发了一系列地质环境问题,其中地面沉降问题尤为突出。回顾了北京地面沉降发展历史,从平面和垂向上分析了地面沉降特征,在此基础上对北京冲洪积平原区沉降的主控因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)平面上,沉降分为南、北2个大区,7个沉降中心。北区已由多个单独沉降中心区扩展成一个大区域,南区北扩明显;(2)垂向上,南区第一压缩层为沉降主贡献层,沉降占比42%,浅部地层沉降速率减小,深部地层沉降速率增加。土体变形特征为塑性变形,包含蠕变变形;北区第二压缩层为沉降主贡献层,沉降占比65%,浅部沉降量值很小且波动平缓,深部沉降量相对较大。土体变形特征为浅部以弹性变形为主,深部以塑性变形为主,包含蠕变变形;(3)沉降受构造作用及基底格架控制,北东方向受冲洪积扇上部单一砂卵砾石的地层条件控制扩展范围有限,沉降整体向北西、南东方向扩张;(4)地层结构决定沉降平面和垂向分布特征,尤其北部冲洪积与南部湖相沉积的差异,是产生深浅部地层沉降贡献率不同的重要因素;(5)地下水开采仍是沉降产生的主因,地下水漏斗的扩展和沉降中心的分布高度吻合,主要沉降层地下水位下降速率与沉降速率成正比。 相似文献
12.
北京平原地下水水位监测网优化 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
文章在北京市地下水水位监测现状基础上,分潜水和承压水对北京平原地下水监测网的监测密度和监测频率进行了优化设计。主要采用编制地下水动态类型图的方法进行了地下水水位监测网的优化,克里金插值法能定量评价依据监测网观测值绘制的地下水水位等高线的精度,因而可以用来评价监测优化结果。并根据时间序列分析和统计检验提供的定量标准优化了地下水水位监测频率。优化后,北京平原共有监测孔400眼,其中利用原有监测孔300眼,新设计监测孔100眼,手工监测频率由原来的每月6次优化为每月1次,专项高频率监测可以由地下水自动监测仪实现。文中还对地下水自动监测仪(DIVER)的监测结果和手工监测结果进行了对比评价,提出了地下水水位监测网的维护、管理措施和信息发布方式。 相似文献
13.
Mapping groundwater contamination risk using GIS and groundwater modelling. A case study from the Gaza Strip, Palestine 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Husam Musa Baalousha 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(3-4):483-494
Increasing pressure on water resources worldwide has resulted in groundwater contamination, and thus the deterioration of the groundwater resources and a threat to the public health. Risk mapping of groundwater contamination is an important tool for groundwater protection, land use management, and public health. This study presents a new approach for groundwater contamination risk mapping, based on hydrogeological setting, land use, contamination load, and groundwater modelling. The risk map is a product of probability of contamination and impact. This approach was applied on the Gaza Strip area in Palestine as a case study. A spatial analyst tool within Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to interpolate and manipulate data to develop GIS maps of vulnerability, land use, and contamination impact. A groundwater flow model for the area of study was also used to track the flow and to delineate the capture zones of public wells. The results show that areas of highest contamination risk occur in the southern cities of Khan Yunis and Rafah. The majority of public wells are located in an intermediate risk zone and four wells are in a high risk zone. 相似文献
14.
因过量开采地下水而引发的地面沉降问题已成为北京平原区最主要的地质灾害。北京地面沉降监测网络从2002年开始建设,到2008年底已经基本覆盖整个平原区。本文基于地面沉降分层标和地下水位监测资料,从土体变形与水位随时间的变化、土体变形和水位的关系出发,分析了不同岩性、不同深度土体在不同的水位变化模式下的压缩变形特征,最终将土体在水位变化下的变形特征概括为5类。结果表明:现阶段北京地面沉降区浅部土体压缩减缓,中深部土体和深部土体多以较快的速度持续压缩。砂层以弹性变形为主;不同埋深的粘性土体存在弹性变形、塑性变形和蠕变变形,具有显著的粘弹塑性。 相似文献
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根据深层地下水开采对地面沉降的影响比较,天津中部平原和滨海平原第二、三含水层组深层地下水开采对地面沉降影响较小,为适宜开采层位。地面沉降控制在10 mm/a,第二、三含水层组深层地下水可开采量为2.68亿m3/a。中部平原浅层地下淡水、微咸水,在技术经济上鼓励开采,可开采量为1.64亿m3/a;山前平原地下水现状开采强度未引起明显的环境地质问题,开采强度适当,可开采量为2.79亿m3/a。天津平原生态环境保持良好,地下水总的可开采量为7.11亿m3/a。 相似文献
17.
华北平原是世界上最大的地下水系统之一,地面沉降问题突出。由于沉积环境变化多样、地质条件差异性显著和人类开采活动强烈,使得该地区地面沉降成因机理复杂。本文采用卫星对地观测技术与传统手段相结合,监测地面沉降灾变过程,分析华北平原地面沉降发展历史和现状。结合应力-应变图解法及土工实验研究地面沉降差异性特征及滞后变形成因机理。取得了以下关键认识:(1)华北平原地面沉降空间分布差异性明显,沉降主要分布在平原区第四纪沉积凹陷,呈现东西分带、南北分段特点。地面沉降空间发展部分受到北东向和北西向构造控制。在沧县隆起区,地面沉降也比较发育,主要原因是沧县隆起在第四纪时期构造运动相对不活跃,沉积了较厚的第四系;存在与构造走向一致的3期古河道,该地区赋存丰富的地下水资源并被大量开采。(2)地面沉降发生发展与地下水开采历史密切相关,沉降主要压缩贡献层随地下水开采层位变化而变化。北京平原100 m以深地层对地面沉降贡献呈增加趋势。天津平原目前地面沉降的主要贡献层来自300 m以下地层。(3)气候干旱导致地下水补给量减少,同时增加了地下水的开采,因而是引起地面沉降的重要间接驱动因素。高层建筑荷载、基坑降排水、地热开采对地面沉降的影响应引起足够重视。(4)地面沉降具有很强的滞后性,最大滞后时间可达25年。除了渗透固结成因以外,土体蠕变是另外一个重要原因。更新世地层在不同荷载下,蠕变特征明显。沧县隆起晚更新世地层次固结可达到总变形28.3%。(5)土的物理性质、地下水位变化模式对土层变形特征具有重要影响。不同埋深地层在地下水位变化条件下的变形特征存在较大的差异(弹性、黏弹性、黏弹塑性)。浅部含水组呈现以弹性为主的变形特征。 相似文献
18.
天津市地下水流-地面沉降耦合模型 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
天津市平原区地面沉降主要由地下水大量开采引起,影响范围广、危害大,已成为天津市主要的环境地质问题。分析了研究区的水文地质条件,结合地下水开发利用状况,将研究区概化为6个含水层组,地下水流考虑三维非稳定流,地面沉降选用一维固结压缩模型,运用地下水流模型Modflow 2005和地面沉降模拟模块 Sub,建立了天津市平原区地下水流-地面沉降数值耦合模型,模型面积为1.1×104 km2,利用1998-2008年地下水位等值线、过程线、地面沉降过程线等资料对模型进行了识别。模拟期的地下水均衡分析表明,在多年开采条件下,越流补给、压缩释水、侧向边界流入分别占深层含水层补给量的41.84％、32.15％和24.17％。将调试后的模型应用于南水北调实施后地下水控采条件下的地面沉降趋势预测,显示出停采或减少地下水的开采,有利于减缓地面沉降下降速度,且表现出开采层位越往下,地面沉降恢复难度越大的变化趋势。 相似文献
19.
Omid Ghorbanzadeh Hashem Rostamzadeh Thomas Blaschke Khalil Gholaminia Jagannath Aryal 《Natural Hazards》2018,94(2):497-517
In this paper, we evaluate the predictive performance of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) using six different membership functions (MF). In combination with a geographic information system (GIS), ANFIS was used for land subsidence susceptibility mapping (LSSM) in the Marand plain, northwest Iran. This area is prone to droughts and low groundwater levels and subsequent land subsidence damages. Therefore, a land subsidence inventory database was created from an extensive field survey. Areas of land subsidence or areas showing initial signs of subsidence were used for training, while one-third of inventory database were reserved for testing and validation. The inventory database randomly divided into three different folds of the same size. One of the folds was chosen for testing and validation. Other two folds was used for training. This process repeated for every fold in the inventory dataset. Thereafter, land subsidence related factors, such as hydrological and topographical factors, were prepared as GIS layers. Areas susceptible to land subsidence were then analyzed using the ANFIS approach, and land subsidence susceptibility maps were created, whereby six different MFs were applied. Lastly, the results derived from each MF were validated with those areas of the land subsidence database that were not used for training. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn for all LSSMs, and the areas under the curves were calculated. The ROC analyses for the six LSSMs yielded very high prediction values for two out of the six methods, namely the difference of DsigMF (0.958) and GaussMF (0.951). The integration of ANFIS and GIS generally led to high LSSM prediction accuracies. This study demonstrated that the choice of training dataset and the MF significantly affects the results. 相似文献
20.
Jichun Wu Xiaoqing Shi Yuqun Xue Yun Zhang Zixin Wei Jun Yu 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(8):1725-1735
Land subsidence in China occurs predominantly in 17 provinces (cities) situated in the eastern and middle regions of the country,
including Shanghai, Tianjin and Jiangsu, and Hebei provinces. It is primarily caused by groundwater overpumping. One of the
areas most severely affected by land subsidence is the Yangtze Delta, most of which consists of Shanghai City, the Su-Xi-Chang
area (Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou cities) of Jiangsu Province, and the Hang-Jia-Hu area (Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou cities)
of Zhejiang Province. The excessive exploitation of groundwater forms in a large regional cone of depression and, consequently,
land subsidence is also regional, currently centered in the Shanghai and Su-Xi-Chang areas. In 2002, the maximum cumulative
subsidence of Shanghai, Su-Xi-Chang and Hang-Jia-Hu were 2.63 m, 2.00 and 1.06 m, respectively. The land subsidence area is
continuing to expand throughout the Yangtze Delta. To study the characteristics and the pattern of this land subsidence, the
government has implemented a monitoring system involving the placement of 37 groups of extensometers (layers marks) and drilling
of more than 1000 observation wells. These provide an invaluable historical record of deformation and pore water pressure
and facilitate studies on the special features of soil deformation when the groundwater level changes due to pumping. Several
measures have been taken in recent years to control the development of the land subsidence in the different areas; these include
groundwater injection, prohibition of pumping deep confined groundwater, and an adjustment of the pumping depth and magnitude
of the groundwater withdrawn. At present, although the subsidence area is still increasing slowly, the subsidence rate is
controlled. 相似文献