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1.
晋北煤层夹矸粘土岩、偏岭石及紫矸的物质来源与成因 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
产于煤层中的夹矸主要由火山碎屑经沼泽水的高岭石化结果(含高温石英等);煤层底板碎屑高岭石组成的夹矸,则多由陆源风化产物经水流搬运进一步受沼泽水高岭石化结果(含微斜长石等)。偏岭石是在pH<4的沼泽水中溶解陆源风化物或火山碎屑pH=4.8～5生成Al_2O_3与SiO_2凝胶交互沉淀,在成岩作用中经水铝英石转变为偏岭石并重结晶的.紫矸主要是陆源风化产物粘土质经水流搬运机械沉积,表生作用可脱硅为软水铝石. 相似文献
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阿刀亥矿区CP2煤段粘土岩夹矸研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
内蒙大青山煤田ＣＰ２煤段含粘土岩夹矸多达４０余层。与上覆ＣＰ３砾岩段冲刷接触的煤段顶板和顶部粘土岩夹矸，为伊利石或伊利石－高岭石粘土岩。其下煤段中夹矸及底板为高岭石粘土岩，均发生了不同程度的铵云母化和一水硬铝石化。鳞片状、纤维状、条片状及晶粒假象铵云母沿粘土岩夹矸的节理裂隙呈脉状产出；微、细晶一水硬铝石沿碳质碎屑条带及富有机质的高岭石基质条带分布。这些特征表明，在有Ｋ＾＋离子带入的开放条件下，粘土 相似文献
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我国球粘土应成为独立矿种，湖沼球粘土中含“内胶体”的自生高岭石是生物有机质作用造成，水云母、I-M间层粘土矿物及有机质会增加可塑性、粘结性及干燥强度，钾、钠的增加可降低烧结温度。沉积球粘土与残积成因高岭石为无序或较无序，古生代煤系高岭石为有序和高度有序，岩浆热液成因的高岭石常为有序或高度有序；北方古生代软质粘土（紫矸）为规模较大、较为均匀稳定的高度有序高岭石，应积极开发。硬水铝石岩溶铝土矿应属于生物有机质成矿作用的沉积型铝土矿。 相似文献
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滇东黔西晚二叠世含煤沉积中火山灰蚀变形成的伊利石粘土岩夹矸 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文对广泛分布于滇东-黔西晚二叠世含煤沉积中粘土岩夹矸的岩石学、矿物学、化学组成和微量元素进行了研究。发现粘土岩夹矸的变种伊利石粘土岩夹矸(Illite-tonstein)在沉积盆地空间上成片分布,且与晚期成岩作用有明显的成因联系。粘土岩夹矸中粘土矿物构成与煤阶大体对应的关系,揭示了同沉积火山凝灰蚀变产物的后期变化趋势和规律。 相似文献
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论高岭石粘土和铝土矿研究的新进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
过去我国地质界向前苏联学习,把球粘土(Ballclay)作为高岭土或耐火粘土的一个变种,使我们找矿走入误区,以致后来从美国进口球粘土。其实球粘土的结晶性质这个内在因素与高岭土或耐火粘土常不相同,则派生的性能更不一样,应成为独立的矿种,还可与国际接轨。又过去国内外学者认为高岭石高度有序为热液型的,而沉积型的为无序高岭石。但笔者等的研究,我国高岭石高度有序而规模大且均匀稳定的,应算沉积型的紫矸(古生代高岭石软质粘土),可以作流动性好的造纸涂料。又我国硬水铝石岩溶铝土矿,应属于生物有机质成矿作用的沉积型铝土矿。 相似文献
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煤系高岭石粘土岩的理论与应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国北方煤系中的高岭石粘土岩是具有很高经济价值的共生矿产,在煤田勘探中应予充分注意,进行详细研究和评价.它有沉积和火山灰蚀变两种成因,不同成因的矿层具有不同的特征.指出渭北太原组5煤的高岭石夹矸属火山灰成因,11煤高岭石夹矸是沉积产物.软质高岭土全属沉积成因,多产于中、新生代煤系中. 相似文献
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老石旦矿区的高岭土(木节土)呈灰白、灰紫及灰黑色,质地松软,可塑性高,是一种良好的耐火材料和陶瓷原料。对其成因过去有两种看法:(1)原生沉积的;(2)由煤层风化淋滤形成的。作者认为是煤层风化残积形成的。即煤层经地壳运动抬升到地表以后,受到强烈的风化淋滤作用,使有机组分分解,流失和逸散,铝硅矿物相对富集,在表生条件下形成木节土。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地东北部侏罗系延安组漂白砂岩成因和古风化壳形成环境探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鄂尔多斯盆地东北部侏罗系延安组顶部的砂岩漂白现象是油气运移逸散的重要证据,但前人仅从油气蚀变角度对漂白砂岩进行研究,而忽视了其形成地质环境。漂白砂岩分布在不整合面之下的风化壳中,指示不整合结构是其形成的重要地质背景。本文结合野外观察、矿物学和地球化学分析,对该区侏罗系不整合结构特征进行重点剖析,并对漂白砂岩成因进行探讨。结果表明,研究区侏罗系不整合风化黏土层不发育,不整合结构可划分为具半风化岩石和缺失半风化岩石两种类型。半风化层上部砂岩矿物成分以石英和高岭石为主,溶蚀孔隙发育,黑云母普遍发生高岭石化,砂岩中碱、碱土金属元素(K,Na,Ca,Mg)大量流失。半风化层下部砂岩钾长石含量偏高,黑云母不完全蚀变为水黑云母,砂岩中残留K和Mg。风化壳内细碎屑沉积岩物性条件差,与外部流体沟通有限,早期风化蚀变和后期烃类蚀变均较弱。漂白砂岩中的高岭石主要为风化淋滤的产物,砂岩因风化作用物性得以改善而成为重要的油气运移通道,同时富集铁氧化物而呈红色。风化壳内红色砂岩后期受到烃类的还原蚀变而发生褪色漂白,由于先后经历了风化淋滤和烃类还原两种蚀变作用,延安组顶部砂岩表现为胶结程度差、易遭受流水侵蚀的特性。碎屑岩古风化壳中的漂白现象是识别不整合结构参与油气运移成藏的重要标志。 相似文献
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河曲-保德矿区含煤地层中高岭岩资源丰富,分别赋存于太原组顶部和山西组中部,其类型以隐晶质高岭岩为主,少量为细-粗晶质及烧变高岭岩。根据大量样品试测结果,其SiO2／Al2O3摩尔比值在2．0左右,说明本区高岭岩纯度高。分析其成因属沉积型煤系高岭岩矿床,其成矿母质类型有两种,一是陆地搬运高岭岩母质多为粘土矿物,运移至静水沼泽环境中沉积,在有机质酸的作用下形成较纯的高岭岩层;二是成矿母质为火山碎屑物质,在酸性沼泽环境下经成岩作用形成,区内高岭岩质地优良,具有广泛的利用前景,为发展煤矿循环经济提供了依据。 相似文献
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David J.W. Piper Thian Hundert Georgia Pe-Piper Ann C. Okwese 《Sedimentary Geology》2009,213(1-2):51-63
Clay mineral assemblages in alluvial mudrocks are important for paleoclimatic interpretation and for understanding burial diagenetic cementation in sandstones, but it is commonly difficult to unravel the relative importance of source weathering, pedogenesis and diagenesis in their origin. The clay mineral assemblages in fluvial overbank mudrocks from the Lower Cretaceous Chaswood Formation in central Nova Scotia, investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis of the < 2 µm fraction of 45 samples, include kaolinite, illite, vermiculite, and mixed layer kaolinite/expandable clay and mica/vermiculite. The assemblages vary with depositional facies. Wetland organic-rich mudrocks have large amounts of amorphous material and kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral. In the eastern part of the basin, where overbank mudrocks were episodically uplifted by syn-sedimentary strike-slip faulting, cumulate ultisol and alfisol paleosols are common. In the ultisols, hematite is enriched and kaolinite increases at the expense of illite in the B horizon. Alfisols contain more illite and vermiculite and the B horizon is enriched in goethite. In the western part of the basin, where thin sandstones with abundant diagenetic kaolinite cement are interbedded with the mudrocks, the distinctive clay mineral assemblage of mica/vermiculite mixed layer, vermiculite with 15.5 Å peak, and kaolinite/expandable mixed layer clay with a 17.7 Å peak is interpreted to result from bacterially-mediated oxidation of organic matter below the paleo-water table during early burial diagenesis. Deeper burial diagenesis may lead to slightly higher kaolinite crystallinity. Volcanic ash appears to alter to kaolinite/expandable mixed layer clay with a 7.9 Å peak. Comparison with the continuously subsiding and rapidly accumulated Wessex Formation of southern England, formed at a similar paleolatitude, shows the strong role of pedogenic processes and early diagenesis by meteoric water in development of clay mineral assemblages in the locally tectonically uplifted Chaswood Formation. 相似文献
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氟是煤中有害元素之一,燃煤型氟排放造成的污染已经对人类的健康安全构成威胁。研究煤中氟赋存状态及其沉积环境,对掌握高氟煤分布规律及控制燃煤造成的氟排放具有重要意义。通过对沁水煤田内6座煤矿15号煤样品的分析发现:煤中氟含量与灰分显著相关,与黄铁矿硫、有机硫无相关关系,表明煤中氟主要以无机物形式赋存,且与含硫矿物无关;与钾、镁、硅、铝等元素含量具有显著的相关关系,表明氟有可能的主要赋存形式为金云母、氟金云母等矿物,以及以吸附存在于高岭石、勃姆石、伊蒙混层等黏土矿物中;与钙、磷元素含量无显著相关性,表明氟不以氟磷灰石、含氟羟基磷灰石等矿物大量赋存。此外,通过对沁水煤田15号煤的沉积环境分析发现,弱还原环境、较低盐度、偏酸性、较强的水动力条件有利于该区域煤中氟的富集。 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2023,83(2):125972
In China, the lack of Li resources is in stark contrast to a large amount of coal gangue produced by coal mining. To determine the distribution patterns and existing status of lithium (Li) elements in the coal gangue, the mineralogical and geochemical analysis were formed on samples of the roof, floor, and parting of No. 02, 2, 8, and 9 coal seams, being mined in Malan mine, Xishan coalfield, Shanxi Province. The results show that the lithium content in this study area is relatively enriched, the highest content is 499 μg/g in sample 02-G, and the average content is 109.8 μg/g, which is two times that of the world average value of claystone (45 μg/g). XRD analysis shows that the mineral composition of parting samples is mainly clay mineral kaolinite, while the coal seam roof and floor samples also include quartz and some iron-bearing minerals, such as pyrite and siderite. Likewise, possible lithium-rich mineral phases and possible lithium-rich factors were investigated in this paper. A comprehensive clay separation experiment and correlation analysis between lithium and major elements indicate that lithium is likely to exist in the clay mineral kaolinite in the study area. It is also found that the content of Li adsorbed by cryptocrystalline kaolinite is generally higher than that of crystalline kaolinite. According to the mechanism of Li+ adsorption in clay minerals, the higher lithium content of cryptocrystalline kaolinite is due to its larger specific surface area, which can adsorb more lithium on the surface. 相似文献
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Further Information of the Associated Li Deposits in the No.6 Coal Seam at Jungar Coalfield,Inner Mongolia,Northern China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
SUN Yuzhuang ZHAO Cunliang LI Yanheng WANG Jinxi ZHANG Jiany JIN Zhe LIN Mingyue Wolfgang KALKREUTH 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(4):1097-1108
Total 138 coal samples and 14 parting samples were taken from the No. 6 Seam of the Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia. These samples were analysed by optical microscopy, sequential chemical extraction procedure (SCEP), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope in conjunction with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) analysis. The results indicate that the Li contents have reached the industrial grade of the coal associated Li deposit, and the total Li reserves have reached 2406600 tons, that is, 5157000 tons Li2O in the No. 6 seam in the Jungar Coalfield. The sequential chemical extraction procedure results suggest that the Li concentration is mainly related to inorganic matter. The minerals in the coals consist of kaolinite, boehmite, chlorite-group mineral, quartz, calcite, pyrite, siderite and amorphous clay material. Some Li could be absorbed by clay minerals in the Li-bearing coal seam. The chlorite phase?could be?most likely the host for a part of Li. The Yinshan Oldland should be the most possible source of Li of the coal. 相似文献