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1.
在皖赣沿江地区分布着大量中生代侵入岩体及其岩石包体和相关的夕卡岩矿床。本文在综合整理作者研究团队近30年来所获得的区内大部分侵入岩体及其岩石包体和夕卡岩矿床研究资料的基础上,聚焦区域中生代壳幔相互作用与多成因夕卡岩成矿过程分析,为发展壳幔成矿学打下一定基础。基性侵入岩和镁铁质岩石包体的同位素年代学和岩石地球化学资料表明,皖赣沿江地区在中生代发生了碰撞后(145~135 Ma)富铜金和造山后(130~120 Ma)富铁金幔源岩浆底侵作用和相应的壳幔混源岩浆作用。壳幔混源岩浆作用主要包括结晶分异作用、同化混染作用、岩浆混合作用和岩浆熔离作用。夕卡岩矿床地质调研和镜下观察结果显示,两期壳幔混源岩浆侵入晚古生代到早中生代围岩地层后引发了多成因夕卡岩成矿作用,形成了接触交代、层控、岩浆和复合叠加等多成因夕卡岩矿床。接触交代、层控、岩浆和复合叠加夕卡岩矿床分别以热液交代、沉积+热液交代、岩浆结晶+热液交代和沉积+岩浆结晶+热液交代矿物组合和结构构造为特征。在碰撞后酸性-中酸性侵入岩体中产有富Cu和Zn等成矿物质的元古宙变质岩包体,表明碰撞后富铜金的底侵玄武岩浆或其演化岩浆在浅位岩浆房中同化了元古宙变质基底成矿物质(铜锌等)储库导致铜进一步富集,从而形成更富铜的酸性-中酸性岩浆。在碰撞后中基性-基性侵入岩体中产有含大量Cu-Fe硫化物(黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿)和氧化物包裹体的深位和浅位堆积岩,表明碰撞后富铜金的底侵玄武岩浆在深位岩浆房中和其演化岩浆在浅位岩浆房中发生了强烈的结晶分异作用导致铜铁亏损,形成更富金的中基性-基性岩浆。酸性-中酸性侵入岩体中夕卡岩包体和夕卡岩中辉长岩-夕卡岩过渡包体的存在表明,碰撞后富铜金的底侵玄武岩浆在侵位处同化晚古生代含铜铁矿源层的碳酸盐地层导致铜进一步富集,形成更富铜的夕卡岩岩浆。更富铜的酸性-中酸性岩浆、更富金的中基性-基性岩浆和更富铜的夕卡岩岩浆是形成碰撞后时期接触交代和层控夕卡岩铜矿、接触交代夕卡岩金矿和岩浆夕卡岩铜矿的最重要控制因素。在造山后中基性-基性侵入岩体中产有含大量Cu-Fe硫化物(黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿)和氧化物包裹体的堆积岩,表明造山后富铁金的底侵玄武岩浆在深位岩浆房中发生了强烈的结晶分异作用导致铜铁亏损,从而形成更富金的中基性-基性岩浆。造山后富铁金的底侵玄武岩浆在侵位处同化晚古生代含铜铁矿源层的碳酸盐地层、早中生代铁矿源层或者早中生代铁硅矿源层,导致铁、铁和铁硅的进一步富集,分别形成更富铁的夕卡岩岩浆、基性岩浆和中基性岩浆。更富金的中基性-基性岩浆及更富铁的夕卡岩岩浆、基性岩浆和中基性岩浆是形成造山后时期接触交代夕卡岩金矿、岩浆夕卡岩铁矿、矿浆型铁矿和接触交代夕卡岩铁矿的关键控制因素。  相似文献   

2.
The Dexing porphyry Cu–Mo–Au deposit in east China (1,168 Mt at 0.45 % Cu) is located in the interior of the South China Craton (SCC), made up of two lithospheric blocks, the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. The Cu–Mo–Au mineralization is associated with mid-Jurassic granodioritic porphyries with three high-level intrusive centers, controlled by a series of lineaments at the southeastern edge of the Yangtze block. Available age data define a short duration (172–170 Ma) of the felsic magmatism and the mineralization (171?±?1 Ma). The deposit shows broad similarities with deposits in volcanoplutonic arcs, although it was formed in an intracontinental setting. Porphyries associated with mineralization are mainly granodiorites, which contain abundant phenocrysts (40–60 %) and carry contemporaneous microgranular mafic enclaves (MMEs). They are mainly high-K calc-alkaline and show geochemical affinities with adakite, characterized by relatively high MgO, Cr, Ni, Th, and Th/Ce ratios. The least-altered porphyries yielded relatively uniform ε Nd(t) values from ?0.9 to +0.6, and wide (87Sr/86Sr)i range between 0.7046 and 0.7058 partially overlapping with the Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of the MMEs and mid-Jurassic mafic rocks in the SCC. Zircons from the porphyries have positive ε Hf(t) values (3.4 to 6.9), and low δ18O values (4.7 to 6.3?‰), generally close to those of depleted mantle. All data suggest an origin by partial melting of a thickened juvenile lower crust involving mantle components (e.g., Neoproterozoic mafic arc magmas), triggered by invasion of contemporaneous mafic melts at Dexing. The MMEs show textural, mineralogical, and chemical evidence for an origin as xenoliths formed by injection of mafic melts into the felsic magmas. These MMEs usually contain magmatic chalcopyrite, and have original, variable contents of Cu (up to 500 ppm). Their geochemical characteristics suggest that they were derived from an enriched mantle source, metasomatized by Proterozoic slab-derived fluids, and supplied a part of Cu, Au, and S for the Dexing porphyry system during their injection into the felsic magmas. The 171?±?1 Ma magmatic-hydrothermal event at Dexing is contemporaneous with the mid-Jurassic extension in the SCC, followed by 160–90 Ma arc-like magmatism in southeastern China. With respect to the tectono-magmatic evolution of the SCC, the emplacement of Cu-bearing porphyries and the associated Cu mineralization occurred in response to the transformation from a tensional regime, related to mid-Jurassic extension, to a transpressional regime, related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic lithosphere.  相似文献   

3.
The Shiribeshi Seamount off northwestern Hokkaido, the Sea of Japan, is a rear-arc volcano in the Northeast Japan arc. This seamount is composed of calc-alkaline and high-K basaltic to andesitic lavas containing magnesian olivine phenocrysts and mantle peridotite xenoliths. Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the andesite lavas indicate evidence for the reaction with the mantle peridotite xenoliths and magma mixing between mafic and felsic magmas. Geochemical modelling shows that the felsic end-member was possibly derived from melting of an amphibolitic mafic crust. Chemical compositions of the olivine phenocrysts and their chromian spinel inclusions indicate that the Shiribeshi Seamount basalts in this study was derived from a primary magma in equilibrium with relatively fertile mantle peridotites, which possibly represents the mafic end-member of the magma mixing. Trace-element and REE data indicate that the basalts were produced by low degree of partial melting of garnet-bearing lherzolitic source. Preliminary results from the mantle peridotite xenoliths indicate that they were probably originated from the mantle beneath the Sea of Japan rather than beneath the Northeast Japan arc.  相似文献   

4.
A.G. Dessai  A. Markwick  H. Downes 《Lithos》2004,78(3):263-290
Granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths in lamprophyre dykes intruded during the waning stage of Deccan Trap volcanism are derived from the lower crust beneath the Dharwar craton of Western India. The xenolith suite consists of plagioclase-poor mafic granulites (55% of the total volume of xenoliths), plagioclase-rich felsic granulites (25%), and ultramafic pyroxenites and websterites (20%) with subordinate wehrlites. Rare spinel peridotite xenoliths are also present, representing mantle lithosphere. The high Mg #, low SiO2/Al2O3 and low Nb/La (<1) ratios suggest that the protoliths of the mafic granulites broadly represent cumulates of sub-alkaline magmas. All of the granulites are peraluminous and light rare-earth element-enriched. The felsic granulites may have resulted from anatexis of the mafic lower crustal rocks; thus, the mafic granulites are enriched in Sr whereas the felsic ones are depleted. Composite xenoliths consisting of mafic granulites traversed by veins of pyroxenite indicate intrusion of the granulitic lower crust by younger pyroxenites. Petrography and geochemistry of the latter (e.g. presence of phlogopite) indicate the metasomatised nature of the deep crust in this region.Thermobarometric estimates from phase equilibria indicate equilibration conditions between 650 and 1200 °C, 0.7-1.2 GPa suggestive of lower crustal environments. These estimates provide a spatial context for the sampled lithologies thereby placing constraints on the interpretation of geophysical data. Integration of xenolith-derived P-T results with Deep Seismic Soundings (DSS) data suggests that the pyroxenites and websterites are transitional between the lower crust and the upper mantle. A three-layer model for the crust in western India, derived from the xenoliths, is consistent with DSS data. The mafic nature of this hybrid lower crust contrasts with the felsic lower crustal composition of the south Indian granulite terrain.  相似文献   

5.
Most porphyry Cu–Mo–Au deposits are found in magmatic arcs worldwide, and are associated with hydrous, high-fO2, calc-alkaline magmas, derived from a mantle wedge that was metasomatized by the fluids from a subducted oceanic slab. Recently, such deposits have been documented as occurring widely in collisional settings, where they are associated with potassic magmas generated during the collisional process, but the genesis of the fertile magmas and the mechanism of metallic enrichment remain controversial. Here we present new geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data from the post-collisional fertile and barren porphyries of the Miocene Gangdese porphyry belt in the Tibetan orogen, an orogen formed by the collision of India and Asia in the early Cenozoic. Both types of porphyry are characterized by high K2O contents, and have geochemical affinities with adakite, but the fertile magmas were most likely derived from the melting of a thickened juvenile mafic lower-crust, formed by the underplating of earlier asthenospheric melts at the base of crust, whereas the derivation of the barren magmas involved variable amounts of old lower-crust in Tibet. The melting of sulfide-bearing phases in the juvenile mantle components of the Tibetan lower-crust probably provided Cu, Au, and S to the fertile magmas. The breakdown of amphibole during melting at the source released the fluids necessary for the formation of the porphyry Cu deposits in Tibet. The thickened crust (up to 70–80 km), due to collision, is thought to be responsible for a decrease in the fO2 of the fertile magmas during their ascent to the upper crust, thus preventing the generation of more porphyry Cu–Au and epithermal Au deposits in this collisional zone.  相似文献   

6.
The Middle Miocene Tsushima granite pluton is composed of leucocratic granites, gray granites and numerous mafic microgranular enclaves (MME). The granites have a metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition and belong to the calc‐alkaline series, as do many other coeval granites of southwestern Japan, all of which formed in relation to the opening of the Sea of Japan. The Tsushima granites are unique in that they occur in the back‐arc area of the innermost Inner Zone of Southwest Japan, contain numerous miarolitic cavities, and show shallow crystallization (2–6 km deep), based on hornblende geobarometry. The leucocratic granite has higher initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7065–0.7085) and lower εNd(t) (?7.70 to ?4.35) than the MME of basaltic–dacitic composition (0.7044–0.7061 and ?0.53 to ?5.24), whereas most gray granites have intermediate chemical and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions (0.7061–0.7072 and ?3.75 to ?6.17). Field, petrological, and geochemical data demonstrate that the Tsushima granites formed by the mingling and mixing of mafic and felsic magmas. The Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data strongly suggest that the mafic magma was derived from two mantle components with depleted mantle material and enriched mantle I (EMI) compositions, whereas the felsic magma formed by mixing of upper mantle magma of EMI composition with metabasic rocks in the overlying lower crust. Element data points deviating from the simple mixing line of the two magmas may indicate fractional crystallization of the felsic magma or chemical modification by hydrothermal fluid. The miarolitic cavities and enrichment of alkali elements in the MME suggest rapid cooling of the mingled magma accompanied by elemental transport by hydrothermal fluid. The inferred genesis of this magma–fluid system is as follows: (i) the mafic and felsic magmas were generated in the mantle and lower crust, respectively, by a large heat supply and pressure decrease under back‐arc conditions induced by mantle upwelling and crustal thinning; (ii) they mingled and crystallized rapidly at shallow depths in the upper crust without interaction during the ascent of the magmas from the middle to the upper crust, which (iii) led to fluid generation in the shallow crust. The upper mantle in southwest Japan thus has an EMI‐like composition, which plays an important role in the genesis of igneous rocks there.  相似文献   

7.
初论大陆环境斑岩铜矿   总被引：43，自引：1，他引：42  
世界范围内大型-巨型斑岩铜矿多数产于岩浆弧（岛弧、陆缘弧）环境,含矿斑岩岩浆起源与大洋板块的俯冲作用有关。综合研究了与大洋板块俯冲无关、产于中国大陆环境的若干大型-巨型斑岩铜矿。研究发现,这些大陆环境的斑岩铜矿,虽然其基本地质特征与岩浆弧环境斑岩铜矿具有广泛的类似性,但其动力学背景、含矿斑岩性质、岩浆起源演化、金属富集过程及其构造控制机制却独具特色。这些大陆环境斑岩铜矿至少可产出于4类环境：晚碰撞走滑环境、后碰撞伸展环境、后造山伸展环境和非造山崩塌环境。大陆环境含矿斑岩以高钾质为特征,多具高钾钙碱性和钾玄质特征,通常显示埃达克岩地球化学亲和性。其岩浆通常起源于加厚的新生镁铁质下地壳或拆沉的古老下地壳。陆间碰撞期的地壳大规模增厚以及其后的软流圈上涌和岩石圈拆沉,是形成含矿岩浆的主导性机制。含矿岩浆的金属初始富集通常经历两阶段过程：（1）幔源物质直接供给金属阶段;（2）伴随含水、高氧逸度埃达克质岩浆演化金属富集阶段。在第一阶段,幔源物质主要通过两种形式供给金属：（1）以幔源组分为主的新生下地壳直接熔融;（2）拆沉下地壳熔融产生的埃达克质熔体与地幔岩石圈发生水/岩反应。在第二富集阶段,下地壳角闪榴辉岩熔融过程中角闪石大量分解产生富水的、高度氧化的埃达克质熔体,其分异演化使金属元素作为不相容元素得以在残浆中富集。大陆环境含矿斑岩的浅成侵位主要受大规模走滑断裂系统、切割造山带的断裂系统和基底线性断裂构造控制。与走滑断裂系统相伴发育的走滑拉分盆地、切割造山带的张性断裂与平行造山带的逆冲断裂带交汇部位以及不同方向的线性断裂构成的棋盘格子构造,常常控制斑岩岩浆-热液系统的空间定位。  相似文献   

8.
The origin and petrogenesis of the Cameroon Volcanic Line(CVL),composed of volcanoes that form on both the ocean floor and the continental crust,are difficult to understand because of the diversity,heterogeneity,and nature of available data.Major and trace elements,and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data of volcanic rocks of the CVL spanning four decades have been compiled to reinterpret their origin and petrogenesis.Volcanic rocks range from nephelinite,basanite and alkali basalts to phonolite,trachyte and rhyolite with the presence of a compositional gap between Si O258e64 wt.%.Similarities in geochemical characteristics,modeled results for two component mixing,and the existence of mantle xenoliths in most mafic rocks argue against significant crustal contamination.Major and trace element evidences indicate that the melting of mantle rocks to generate the CVL magma occurred dominantly in the garnet lherzolite stability field.Melting models suggest small degree(3%)partial melting of mantle bearing(6e10%)garnet for Mt.Etinde,the Ngaoundere Plateau and the Biu Plateau,and5%of garnet for the oceanic sector of the CVL,Mt.Cameroon,Mt.Bambouto,Mt.Manengouba and the Oku Volcanic Group.The Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systematics suggest that mixing in various proportions of Depleted MORB Mantle(DMM)with enriched mantle 1 and 2(EM1 and EM2)could account for the complex isotopic characteristics of the CVL lavas.Low Mg number(Mg#100 Mg O/(Mg O t Fe O))and Ni,Cr and Co contents of the CVL mafic lavas reveal their crystallization from fractionated melts.The absence of systematic variation in Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios,and Sr-Nd isotope compositions between the mafic and felsic lavas indicates progressive evolution of magmas by fractional crystallization.Trace element ratios and their plots corroborate mantle heterogeneity and reveal distinct geochemical signatures for individual the CVL volcanoes.  相似文献   

9.
Mafic and ultramafic xenoliths in a basaltic cone at The Anakies in south-eastern Australia are geochemically equivalent to continental basaltic magmas and cumulates. The xenolith microstructures range from recognizably meta-igneous for intrusive rocks to granoblastic for garnet pyroxenites. Contact relationships between different rock types within some xenoliths suggest a complex petrogenesis of multiple intrusive, metamorphic and metasomatic events at the crust/mantle boundary during the evolution of south-eastern Australia. Unaltered spinel lher-zolite, typical of the uppermost eastern Australian mantle, is interleaved with or veined by the metamorphosed intrusive rocks of basaltic composition. Geothermobarometry calculations by a variety of methods show a concordance of equilibration temperatures ranging from 880°C to 980°C and pressures of 12 to 18 kbar (1200-1800 mPa). These physical conditions span the gabbro to granulite to eclogite transition boundaries. The water-vapour pressure during equilibration is estimated to be about 0.5% of the load pressure, using amphibole breakdown data. Large fluid inclusions of pure CO2 are abundant in the mineral phases in the xenoliths, and it is suggested that flux of CO2 from the mantle has been an important heat source and fluid medium during metamorphism of the mafic and ultramafic protoliths at the lower crust/upper mantle boundary. The calculated pressures and temperatures suggest that the south-eastern Australian crust has sustained a high geothermal gradient. In addition, the nature of the mineral assemblages and the contact relationships of granulitic rock with spinel lherzolite, characteristic of mantle material, suggest that the Moho is not a discrete feature in this region, but is represented by a transition zone approximately 20 km thick. These inferences are in agreement with geophysical data (including seismic, heat-flow and electrical resistivity data) determined for south-eastern Australia. Underplating at the crust/mantle boundary by continental basaltic magmas may be an important alternative or additional mechanism to the conventional andesite model for crustal accretion.  相似文献   

10.
The shoshonitic intrusions of eastern Tibet, which range in age from 33 to 41 Ma and in composition from ultramafic (SiO2 = 42 %) to felsic (SiO2 = 74 %), were produced during the collision of India with Eurasia. The mafic and ultramafic members of the suite are characterized by phenocrysts of phlogopite, olivine and clinopyroxene, low SiO2, high MgO and Mg/Fe ratios, and olivine forsterite contents of Fo87 to Fo93, indicative of equilibrium with mantle olivine and orthopyroxene. Direct melting of the mantle, on the other hand, could not have produced the felsic members. They have a phenocryst assemblage of plagioclase, amphibole and quartz, high SiO2 and low MgO, with Mg/Fe ratios well below the values expected for a melt in equilibrium with the mantle. Furthermore, the lack of decrease in Cr with increasing SiO2 and decreasing MgO from ultramafic to felsic rocks precludes the possibility that the felsic members were derived by fractional crystallization from the mafic members. Similarly, magma mixing, crustal contamination and crystal accumulation can be excluded as important processes. Yet all members of the suite share similar incompatible element and radiogenic isotope ratios, which suggests a common origin and source. We propose that melting for all members of the shoshonite suite was initiated in continental crust that was thrust into the upper mantle at various points along the transpressional Red River-Ailao Shan-Batang-Lijiang fault system. The melt formed by high-degree, fluid-absent melting reactions at high-T and high-P and at the expense of biotite and phengite. The melts acquired their high concentrations of incompatible elements as a consequence of the complete dissolution of pre-existing accessory minerals. The melts produced were quartz-saturated and reacted with the overlying mantle to produce garnet and pyroxene during their ascent. The felsic magmas reacted little with the adjacent mantle and preserved the essential features of their original chemistry, including their high SiO2, low Ni, Cr and MgO contents, and low Mg/Fe ratio, whereas the mafic and ultramafic magmas are the result of extensive reaction with the mantle. Although the mafic magmas preserved the incompatible element and radiogenic isotope ratios of their crustal source, buffering by olivine and orthopyroxene extensively modified their MgO, Ni, Cr, SiO2 contents and Mg/Fe ratio to values dictated by equilibrium with the mantle.  相似文献   

11.
Rarely occurring clinopyroxene-plagioclase bearing, felsic granulite and skarn xenoliths were studied from the mantle and crustal xenolith-bearing alkaline basaltic and pyroclastic localities of the Bakony–Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (W-Hungary). Geobarometry and geothermometry of the xenoliths made it possible to categorise them in three groups according to their depth of formation. The first group formed in the lower crust together with mafic and metasedimentary granulites. The second group represents magmatic intrusions of the middle crust, and the third one comprises contact metamorphic rocks of relatively shallow origin. The calculated pressure difference from the core and rim compositions of plagioclase and clinopyroxene as well as garnet breakdown reactions in some xenoliths show evidence for pressure decrease due to crustal thinning both in lower crustal and middle crustal xenoliths during formation of the Pannonian Basin. Fluid inclusion studies reveal the dominance of the CO2-rich fluids in the whole crustal section in contrast with fluids found in mafic garnet-bearing xenoliths. Crustal stratigraphy was constructed for the periods prior to the extension and after the extension on the basis of geobarometry and geophysical data. On the basis of mineral stabilities and geothermo-barometry, we estimated that the pre-extensional thickness of the lower and upper crust may have been 27–34 and 26–28?km, respectively. Comparison of pre-extensional and present-day thickness of the lower and upper crust indicate that thinning affected both the lower and the upper portion of the crust but on a different scale. The calculated thinning factors are between 2.25 and 3.4 for the lower crust and 1.3–1.56 for the upper crust.  相似文献   

12.
We present a first overview of the synplutonic mafic dykes (mafic injections) from the 2.56–2.52 Ga calcalkaline to potassic plutons in the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC). The host plutons comprise voluminous intrusive facies (dark grey clinopyroxene-amphibole rich monzodiorite and quartz monzonite, pinkish grey porphyritic monzogranite and grey granodiorite) located in the central part of individual pluton, whilst subordinate anatectic facies (light grey and pink granite) confined to the periphery. The enclaves found in the plutons include highly angular screens of xenoliths of the basement, rounded to pillowed mafic magmatic enclaves (MME) and most spectacular synplutonic mafic dykes. The similar textures of MME and adjoining synplutonic mafic dykes together with their spatial association and occasional transition of MME to dismembered synplutonic mafic dykes imply a genetic link between them. The synplutonic dykes occur in varying dimension ranging from a few centimeter width upto 200 meters width and are generally dismembered or disrupted and rarely continuous. Necking of dyke along its length and back veining of more leucocratic variant of the host is common feature. They show lobate as well as sharp contacts with chilled margins suggesting their injection during different stages of crystallization of host plutons in magma chamber. Local interaction, mixing and mingling processes are documented in all the studied crustal corridors in the EDC. The observed mixing, mingling, partial hybridization, MME and emplacement of synplutonic mafic dykes can be explained by four stage processes: (1) Mafic magma injected during very early stage of crystallization of host felsic magma, mixing of mafic and felsic host magma results in hybridization with occasional MME; (2) Mafic magma introduced slightly later, the viscosities of two magmas may be different and permit only mingling where by each component retain their identity; (3) When mafic magma injected into crystallizing granitic host magma with significant crystal content, the mafic magma is channeled into early fractures and form dismembered synplutonic mafic dykes and (4) Mafic injections enter into largely crystallized (>80% crystals) granitic host results in continuous dykes with sharp contacts. The origin of mafic magmas may be related to development of fractures to mantle depth during crystallization of host magmas which results in the decompression melting of mantle source. The resultant hot mafic melts with low viscosity rise rapidly into the crystallizing host magma chamber where they interact depending upon the crystallinity and viscosity of the host. These hot mafic injections locally cause reversal of crystallization of the felsic host and induce melting and resultant melts in turn penetrate the crystallizing mafic body as back veining. Field chronology indicates injection of mafic magmas is synchronous with emplacement of anatectic melts and slightly predates the 2.5 Ga metamorphic event which affected the whole Archaean crust. The injection of mafic magmas into the crystallizing host plutons forms the terminal Archaean magmatic event and spatially associated with reworking and cratonization of Archaean crust in the EDC.  相似文献   

13.
青山群火山岩是华北克拉通破坏期间最具代表性的地幔或地壳熔融产物,记录了华北深部地质演化的重要信息。本文对胶东青山群基性火山岩进行了40Ar/39Ar定年和岩石地球化学分析,结合前人报道的胶东青山群酸性火山岩资料,发现:(1)基性火山岩喷发年龄为122～113Ma,早于青山群酸性火山岩(110～98Ma);(2)基性和酸性火山岩显示了不同的元素和同位素地球化学特征。岩石成因分析表明,基性火山岩为交代富集地幔部分熔融作用的产物,而酸性火山岩为古老下地壳和中生代底侵岩浆的熔融产物(Ling et al.,2009)。因此,胶东地区青山群火山岩记录了岩浆熔融源区从地幔向下地壳的转变。这与长时间尺度的岩石圈减薄过程中热能由地幔向地壳传递过程相吻合,而不同于地壳拆沉作用所预测的岩浆演化趋势。  相似文献   

14.
The paper reports results of petrological-geochemical, isotope, and geochronological studies of the Preobrazhenka gabbro–granitoid massif located in the Altai collisional system of Hercynides, Eastern Kazakhstan. The massif shows evidence for the interaction of compositionally contrasting magmas during its emplacement. Mineralogical–petrological and geochemical studies indicate that the gabbroid rocks of the massif were formed through differentiation of primary trachybasaltic magma and its interaction with crustal anatectic melts. Origin of the granitoid rocks is related to melting of crustal protoliths under the thermal effect of mafic melts. The mantle–crust interaction occurred in several stages and at different depths. A model proposed here to explain the intrusion formation suggests subsequent emplacement of basite magmas in lithosphere and their cooling, melting of crustal protolith, emplacement at the upper crustal levels and cooling of the granitoid and basite magmas. It was concluded that the formation of gabbro-granitoid intrusive massifs serves as an indicator of active mantle–crust interaction at the late evolutionary stages of accretionary–collisional belts, when strike-slip pull-apart deformations causes the high permeability of lithosphere.  相似文献   

15.
Magmatic systems of large continental igneous provinces   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
Large igneous provinces (LIPs) formed by mantle superplume events have irreversibly changed their composition in the geological evolution of the Earth from high-Mg melts (during Archean and early Paleoproterozoic) to Phanerozoic-type geochemically enriched Fe-Ti basalts and picrites at 2.3 Ga. We propose that this upheaval could be related to the change in the source and nature of the mantle superplumes of different generations. The first generation plumes were derived from the depleted mantle, whereas the second generation (thermochemical) originated from the core-mantle boundary (CMB). This study mainly focuses on the second (Phanerozoic) type of LIPs, as exemplified by the mid-Paleoproterozoic Jatulian–Ludicovian LIP in the Fennoscandian Shield, the Permian–Triassic Siberian LIP, and the late Cenozoic flood basalts of Syria. The latter LIP contains mantle xenoliths represented by green and black series. These xenoliths are fragments of cooled upper margins of the mantle plume heads, above zones of adiabatic melting, and provide information about composition of the plume material and processes in the plume head. Based on the previous studies on the composition of the mantle xenoliths in within-plate basalts around the world, it is inferred that the heads of the mantle (thermochemical) plumes are made up of moderately depleted spinel peridotites (mainly lherzolites) and geochemically-enriched intergranular fluid/melt. Further, it is presumed that the plume heads intrude the mafic lower crust and reach up to the bottom of the upper crust at depths ～20 km. The generation of two major types of mantle-derived magmas (alkali and tholeiitic basalts) was previously attributed to the processes related to different PT-parameters in the adiabatic melting zone whereas this study relates to the fluid regime in the plume heads. It is also suggested that a newly-formed melt can occur on different sides of a critical plane of silica undersaturation and can acquire either alkalic or tholeiitic composition depending on the concentration and composition of the fluids. The presence of melt-pockets in the peridotite matrix indicates fluid migration to the rocks of cooled upper margin of the plume head from the lower portion. This process causes secondary melting in this zone and the generation of melts of the black series and differentiated trachytic magmas.  相似文献   

16.
Ni、Cu和PGE具有不同于其他微量元素的特殊的地球化学性质,这些特殊的性质使得它们在幔源岩浆起源和演化以及岩浆硫化物矿床的成因研究中具有不可替代的作用。在S不饱和的条件下,Ni、Os、Ir和Ru具有相容元素的特性,而Cu和Pd是强不相容元素,因此,它们在玄武岩浆分离结晶过程中常常发生分异。一旦体系达到S饱和,这些元素则会强烈地进入硫化物熔浆,特别是PGE具有极高的硫化物熔浆/硅酸盐熔浆分配系数,极微量的硫化物熔离便可导致残余岩浆中PGE的显著亏损,因此,PGE是玄武岩浆硫化物熔离作用最敏感的示踪元素。硫化物熔离和成矿实质上是幔源岩浆特殊演化过程的结果,所以,Ni,Cu和PGE的特殊性质可用来探讨岩浆硫化物成矿的关键控制因素。Ni、Cu和PGE具有不同的单硫化物固溶体/硫化物熔浆分配系数,因此,它们也是硫化物熔浆结晶分异的重要示踪元素。本文试图从Ni、Cu和PGE地球化学性质和行为入手,并借助一些研究实例,对它们在幔源岩浆起源和演化以及岩浆硫化物矿床成因研究中的示踪意义进行系统介绍。  相似文献   

17.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):895-914
A section from the Linglong gold deposit on the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula,East China,containing Late Mesozoic magmatic rocks from mafic and intermediate dikes and felsic intrusions,was chosen to investigate the lithospheric evolution of the eastern North China Craton(NCC).Zircon U-Pb data showed that low-Mg adakitic monzogranites and granodiorite intrusions were emplaced during the Late Jurassic(～145 Ma) and late Early Cretaceous(112-107 Ma),respectively;high-Mg adakitic diorite and mafic dikes were also emplaced during the Early Cretaceous at～139 Ma and ～118 Ma,and 125-145 Ma and 115-120 Ma,respectively.The geochemical data,including whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes,imply that the mafic dikes originated from the partial melting of a lithospheric mantle metasomatised through hydrous fluids from a subducted oceanic slab.Low-Mg adakitic monzogranites and granodiorite intrusions originated from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust of the NCC,while high-Mg adakitic diorite dikes originated from the mixing of mafic and felsic melts.Late Mesozoic magmatism showed that lithosphere-derived melts showed a similar source depth and that crust-derived felsic melts originated from the continuously thickened lower crust of the Jiaodong Peninsula from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.We infer that the lower crust of the eastern NCC was thickened through compression and subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the NCC during the Middle Jurassic.Slab rollback of the plate from ～160 Ma resulted in lithospheric thinning and accompanied Late Mesozoic magmatism.  相似文献   

18.
Summary Ultramafic and mafic xenoliths in Ordovician Agardag alkaline basalt dikes from the Sangilen Plateau, southeastern Siberia, provide samples from the upper mantle and crust beneath central Asia. Three major groups were distinguished among the xenoliths: Group I xenoliths are spinel lherzolites, Group II xenoliths are spinel-garnet clinopyroxenites, and Group III comprises gabbroic xenoliths with two subgroups: Group IIIa comprises garnet bearing gabbroids and Group IIIb is represented by garnet-free gabbroids. The spinel lherzolite xenoliths represent the uppermost lithospheric mantle beneath the Sangilen Plateau and have geochemical characteristics similar to those of primitive mantle. Spinel-garnet clinopyroxenite and gabbroic xenoliths are of igneous origin and represent fragments of intrusive bodies crystallized at depths close to the mantle-crust boundary, as well as in the lower and the upper crust. The gabbroic xenoliths are evidently the crystallization products of melts similar in major and trace element composition to parental magma of the Bashkymugur gabbronorite-monzodiorite intrusion. Gabbroic xenoliths from the Ordovician Agardag alkaline basalt dikes demonstrate the presence of intermediate magmatic chambers within the crust beneath the Sangilen Plateau during the Early Palaeozoic. The relatively high equilibration temperatures of the mantle and lower crust xenoliths in the Agardag alkaline basalt dikes are largely attributable to a plume occurring beneath the Sangilen Plateau during the Ordovician.  相似文献   

19.
Most porphyry Cu deposits in the world occur in magmatic arc settings and are formed in association with calc-alkaline arc magmas related to subduction of oceanic lithosphere. This contribution reviews a number of significant porphyry Cu deposits in the eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. They widely occur in a variety of non-arc settings, varying from post (late)-collisional transpressional and extensional environments to intracontinental extensional environments related to orogenic and anorogenic processes. Their spatial–temporal localization is controlled by strike–slip faults, orogen-transverse normal faults, lineaments and their intersections in these non-arc settings. These deposits are dominated by porphyry Cu–Mo deposits with minor porphyry Cu–Au and epithermal Au deposits, and exhibit a broad similarity with those in magmatic arcs. The associated magmas are generally hydrous, relatively high fO2, high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic, and show geochemical affinity with adakites. They are distinguished from arc magmas and/or oceanic-slab derived adakites, by their occurrence as isolated complexes, high K2O contents (1.2–8.5%), and much wider range of εNd(t) values(? 10 to + 3) and positive εHf(t) values (+ 4.6 to + 6.9). These potassic magmas are most likely formed by partial melting of thickened juvenile mafic lower-crust or delaminated lower crust, but also involving various amounts of asthenospheric mantle components. Key factors that generate hydrous fertile magmas are most likely crust/mantle interaction processes at the base of thickened lower-crust in non-arc settings, rather than oceanic-slab dehydration (as in arc settings). Breakdown of amphibole in thickened lower crust (e.g., amphibole eclogite and garnet amphibolite) during melting is considered to release fluids into the fertile magmas, leading to an elevated oxidation state and higher H2O content necessary for development of porphyry Cu–Mo–Au systems. Copper and Au in hydrous magmas are likely derived from mantle-derived components and/or melts, which either previously underplated and infiltrated at the base of the thickened lower crust, or were input into the primitive magmas by melt/mantle interaction. In contrast, Mo and (part of the) S in the fertile magmas are probably supplied by old crust during melting and subsequent ascent.  相似文献   

20.
Mafic and intermediate granulite xenoliths, collected from Cenozoic alkali basalts, provide samples of the lower crust in western Saudi Arabia. The xenoliths are metaigneous two-pyroxene and garnet granulites. Mineral and whole rock compositions are inconsistent with origin from Red Sea rift-related basalts, and are compatible with origin from island arc calc-alkaline and low-potassium tholeiitic basalts. Most of the samples are either cumulates from mafic magmas or are restites remaining after partial melting of intermediate rocks and extraction of a felsic liquid. Initial87Sr/86Sr ratios are less than 0.7032, except for two samples at 0.7049. The Sm-Nd data yield TDM model ages of 0.64 to 1.02 Ga, similar to typical Arabian-Nubian Shield upper continental crust. The isotopic data indicate that the granulites formed from mantle-derived magmas with little or no contamination by older continent crust. Calculated temperatures and pressures of last reequilibration of the xenoliths show that they are derived from the lower crust. Calculated depths of origin and calculated seismic velocities for the xenoliths are in excellent agreement with the crustal structure model of Gettings et al. (1986) based on geophysical data from western Saudi Arabia. Estimation of mean lower crustal composition, using the granulite xenoliths and the Gettings et al. (1986) crustal model, suggests a remarkably homogeneous mafic lower crust, and an andesite or basaltic andesite bulk composition for Pan-African juvenile continental crust.  相似文献   

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