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1.
利用包括边界层爱克曼辐合-降水加热过程在内的短期气候变化模式[1],研究了Madden-Julian振荡[11,12]形成的机制。当经圈方向用抛物圆柱函数展开,并对赤道偶对称解取n=0,2,4三个截断模时,在长波近似下的自由波解,一为向东的Kelvin波,另外两支为向西的Rossby波。当考虑边界层动力影响后,修正后的Kelvin波,其向东传播的速度约为10ms-1,且在长波波段是不稳定的,最不稳定的波出现在纬向一波附近,不稳定增长率的量级约为O(10m-6s-1),理论结果和Madden-Julian振荡在赤道附近主体环流东传的观测事实接近。另外两支修正后的Rossby波,其中经圈尺度较小的那支波,除波长极长的波外,波是阻尼的;但另一支经圈尺度较大的波,在短的波段是不稳定增长的,这似乎可以用来解释Madden-Julian振荡中大尺度超级云团的西传过程。这些结果表明边界层动力过程在Madden-Julian振荡的形成中是一种重要的机制。  相似文献   

2.
巢纪平  徐小标 《气象学报》2001,59(5):515-523
文中讨论了陆架波系和赤道波系在动力学上的相似性,和赤道波系一样,陆架波系也由惯性重力波、Kelvin波、Rossby(长、短)波和有条件的Rossby-重力混合波组成。指出,当 海洋三边存在陆架而一边为赤道时(如北太平洋),则陆架波系和赤道波系中的Kelvin波, 将以逆时针方向携带信号绕海盆一周,而两个波系中的Rossby长波,将以顺时针方向绕海盆一周,即通过陆架波和赤道波为海洋中某些信号的传播组织成一个绕海盆的环路。这种物理 过程可望用以解释发生在海洋中的某些长周期现象,如El Ni o现象。文中进一步 讨论了陆架波的各种简化运动。  相似文献   

3.
张人禾 《大气科学》1995,19(4):455-464
西文建立了一处简单的热带海气耦合模式,模式大气和海洋中含了Kelivn波和长Rossby波。在赤道β平面近似下,讨论了取耦合系统中最大径向模时,即大气和海洋中只存在Kelin波时耦合波的性质。结果指出,向东传的耦合Kelvin波可以出现不稳定性,并且由于海气相互作用,在长波部分可以产生向西传的耦合Kelvin波。耦合Kelvin波的性质与模式中所选用的参数有很大关系,当大气与海洋中自由波的频率相差  相似文献   

4.
简单的热海气耦合波──Kelvin波和Rossby波的综合作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在本文中,考虑到对于研究ENSO事件中的某些现象,人们更感兴趣的是大尺度低频运动的物理性质。为此,本文中引进长波低频近似,这时纬圈运动基本上满足地转平衡。分析表明,对赤道偶对称运动,当经圈结构函数(抛物线柱函数)取n=0,2时,海气耦合系统中的自由波分别为大气和海洋中的Kelvin波和Rossby波。它们经相互作用后,可以激发出不稳定的海气耦合波。根据海气相互作用强度(αγ)和ε(=cs/ca。cs,ca分别为海洋和大气中的重力波波速)的大小,可以把不稳定区分成三个部分。在ε<0.16的强海气相互作用区,不稳定的耦合波,在短波波段是向东传播的,在长波波段则转为向西传播。在ε>0.16的弱海气相互作用区中,在长波波段的不稳定耦合波是向东传播的。另外,在ε>0.16的强相互作用区中,不稳定耦合波的物理性质较为特殊。在短波波段存在一支向东传播的不稳定波,但由于增长率太大,可以预测波将很快破碎而变成大尺度湍流运动。在长波波段虽然也存在一支频率很高的不稳定波,但其物理性质很难从自由模的比较中追踪出来。文中对由大气和海洋Rossby波经相互作用后的对赤道奇对称耦合波也作了讨论。  相似文献   

5.
不稳定热带海气相互作用中快波的过滤   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张人禾  巢纪平 《气象学报》1994,52(2):235-240
Philander[1]明确指出在热带海气耦合系统中能够存在不稳定的海气相互作用。Philander等[2]的数值计算表明,由于海气相互作用,不稳定扰动可以向东传播。Yamagata[3]和Hirst[4]从理论上也证明了海气之间存在着正反馈过程。巢纪平和张人禾[5]运用一个流场和压力场的高阶平衡近似,即在热带大气和海洋中只存在向西传播的赤道Rossby波时,得出了两种介质中向西传播的赤道Rossby波通过海气相互作用过程,可以产生向西传的不稳定波。并且在一定条件下,还可出现一类不属于Kelvin波的向东传的不稳定波,这些结果对解释ENSO事件的传播过程是值得参考的。  相似文献   

6.
范红  缪锦海  杨玉峰 《气象学报》1996,54(2):185-194
针对不存在临界层情况下非均匀纬向流中的Rossby孤立波,从正压、无辐散、准地转自由大气涡度方程出发,经过变量替换,用小参数展开法,得到流函数的各阶近似方程,推导出振幅函数满足的KdV方程及修正KdV方程(MKdV),并给出它们的孤立波解。对不同风速分布下伴随这些孤立波而出现的流场进行了近似计算,分别得到了副高型Rossby孤立波流场、阻高型Rossby孤立波流场及偶极子型流场,它们移动的规律性与实际大气的流场移动情况较一致。  相似文献   

7.
蒸发—风反馈机制的进一步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对蒸发-风反馈的作用进行了简单动力学研究。结果表明,蒸发-风反馈不能像波动-CISK那样改变热带大气波动的性质,不可能单独成为激发热带大气内振荡的动力学机制。在积云对流加热的蒸发-风反馈的共同作用下,CISK-Kelvin波和CISK-Rossby波可以不稳定发展,共同作用比单独和积云对流加热反馈作用能更全面合理地解释热带大气内振荡的活动。  相似文献   

8.
热带大气的CISK-Rossby波和30-50天振荡   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
蒋国荣 《气象学报》1996,54(6):745-752
利用斜压准地转滤波方法,通过引入一个反映CISK机制的无量纲凝结潜热参数η(Z),建立了描述热带大气的CISK-Rossby波模式,并求得了该模式的解析解。理论研究表明,考虑CISK机制的CISK-Rossby波与经典的Rossby波有明显差别,它可较好地解释热带大气30—50d振荡现象。  相似文献   

9.
范红  缪锦海 《气象学报》1996,54(6):722-729
研究了存在临界层的非均匀纬向流中的Rpssby孤立波。在求出振幅函数满足的KdV方程或修正KdV方程(MKdV)后,选择Chebyshev多项式作为展开基函数,用假谱方法,求解本征值和本征函数。对理想风场的计算表明,在临界层存在与否两种情况下,都能得到在东西风界面处的反气旋式副高型Rossby孤立波,同副高有一致的演变规律:当东风带相对强于西风时,向西移动;当西风相对强于东风时,则向东移动。在西风带,则得到阻高型Rossby孤立波,与阻高也有同样的演变规律。另外,我们还用连续谱方法计算了临界层附近的连续谱及离散谱,也得到与假谱方法较一致的结论。  相似文献   

10.
对热带不稳定海气相互作用模式的改进   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
张人禾  巢纪平 《气象学报》1994,52(3):350-358
对以前提出的热带海气相互作用模式[1]风应力的参数化作了改进。和以前一样,在这个耦合模式中,滤去了大气和海洋中的重力惯性波,只保留了向西传播的Rossby波。但经过海气相互作用后,理论分析指出,在耦合模式中存在着快的和慢的两类波动。快波频率的实部、即其相速度是向西传的,并接近于未经海气相互作用时大气中Rossby波的频率;而慢波的性质和以前的结果类似,短波部分是向西传的,长波部分向东传,东传波的临界波数随海气相互作用增强向短波部分位移。与以前结果不同的是,除一个慢波不稳定增长外,另一个快波在长波部分也是不稳定增长的。海气相互作用越强,不稳定增长率和不稳定波所出现的波段范围越大。另外,本文的研究结果还指出,高频和低频不稳定波产生的物理条件是不一样的。  相似文献   

11.
In this paper,a tropical atmospheric model of relevance to shorts-term climate variations(Wang and Li 1993) is utilized for study of the development of Madden-Julian oscillation.The model contains an interactive process of boundary-layer Ekman convergence and precipitation heating.The model is solved by expanding dependent variables in terms of parabolic cylindrical functions in the meridional direction and truncating three meridional modes n=0,2,4 for equatorial symmetric solutions.The free wave solutions obtained under long-wave approximation are induced as a Kelvin wave and two Rossby waves.After considering the effect of boundary-layer dynamic process,the modified Kelvin wave becomes unstable in long-wave bands with a typical growth rate on an order of 10-6 s-1and an eastward phase speed of 10 m s-1;the most unstable mode is wavenumber one.These theoretical results are consistent with the observed Madden-Julian oscillation in equatorial area.For the two modified Rossby waves,one with a smaller meridional scale(n=4) decays except for extra long-waves;the other with a larger meridional scale(n=2) grows in short-wave bands.This may be relevant to explaining the westward propagation of super cloud clusters in the Madden-Julian oscillation.The theory suggests that the boundary-layer dynamic process is an important mechanism in the development of the Madden-Julian oscillation.  相似文献   

12.
In this paper,a tropical atmospheric model of relevance to shorts-term climate variations(Wang and Li 1993)is util-ized for study of the development of Madden-Julian oscillation.The model contains an interactive process ofboundary-layer Ekman convergence and precipitation heating.The model is solved by expanding dependent variables interms of parabolic cylindrical functions in the meridional direction and truncating three meridional modes n=0,2,4 forequatorial symmetric solutions.The free wave solutions obtained under long-wave approximation are induced as aKelvin wave and two Rossby waves.After considering the effect of boundary-layer dynamic process,the modifiedKelvin wave becomes unstable in long-wave bands with a typical growth rate on an order of 10~(-6) s~(-1)and an eastwardphase speed of 10 m s~(-1);the most unstable mode is wavenumber one.These theoretical results are consistent with the ob-served Madden-Julian oscillation in equatorial area.For the two modified Rossby waves,one with a smaller meridionalscale(n=4)decays except for extra long-waves;the other with a larger meridional scale(n=2)grows in short-wavebands.This may be relevant to explaining the westward propagation of super cloud clusters in the Madden-Julianoscillation.The theory suggests that the boundary-layer dynamic process is an important mechanism in the develop-ment of the Madden-Julian oscillation.  相似文献   

13.
We have determined free Rossby waves in the North Pacific Current by numerical methods. We have found only two stable solutions — the barotropic and first-order baroclinic Rossby shear modes. The influence of the current on the dispersion features of these waves is small for the barotropic shear mode, but is significant for the baroclinic shear mode. An explicit comparison of the dispersion relations for the baroclinic wave in case of vanishing and non-vanishing current is given. We have found at most one unstable solution per wave number. The unstable wave with largest growth rate has an e-folding time of 1.1 year. We have calculated vertical profiles of the stream function and the temperature for the various shear modes at various wave numbers. The temperature shear modes have been calculated for later usage in a Rossby wave model to be fitted to observed temperature data from the North Pacific Current area.  相似文献   

14.
A simplified coupled ocean–atmosphere model, consisting of a one-layer bidimensional ocean model and a one-layer unidimensional energy balance atmospheric model [J. Clim. 13 (2000) 232] is used to study the unstable interactions between zonal winds and ocean gyres. In a specific range of parameters, decadal variability is found. Anomalies, quite homogeneous zonally, show small-scale wavelength in latitude: perturbations emerge and grow at the southern limb of the intergyre boundary and propagate southward before decaying. The wind stress anomalies are proportional to the meridional gradient of the atmospheric temperature anomalies: this ratio acts as a positive amplification factor, as confirmed by a parameter sensitivity analysis. Assuming zonally-averaged anomalies harmonic in the meridional direction, a very simple analytical model for the perturbations is derived, based on forced Rossby wave adjustment of the western boundary current and its associated anomalous heat transport: it accounts for the scale selection, the growth and the southward propagation of sea surface temperature anomalies in the subtropical gyre. The latter is not only due to the slow advection by the mean current, but to a prevailing mechanism of self-advecting coupled oceanic and atmospheric waves, out of phase in latitude. Relevance to the observational record is discussed.  相似文献   

15.
    
By using a linear oceanic mixed layer model, the influences of the horizontal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) and the depth variations of the mixed layer upon tropical oceanic waves are investigated. The equatorial Rossby wave will be modified and a kind of slower thermal wave has been revealed under the influences of inhomogeneities of large-scale sea temperature field. An interesting result is that the propagating direction of the thermal wave is opposite to that of the classical Rossby wave. The result also shows that the thermal wave becomes dominant when the meridional gradient of sea temperature in the mixed layer exceeds a critical value. As a first approximation, it seems that both waves obtained by this study may be used to explain the observational facts that the SST anomalies can usually propagate in both directions, that is, eastward and westward, during the El Nino events.  相似文献   

16.
By using a linear oceanic mixed layer model, the influences of the horizontal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) and the depth variations of the mixed layer upon tropical oceanic waves are investigated. The equatorial Rossby wave will be modified and a kind of slower thermal wave has been revealed under the influences of inhomogeneities of large-scale sea temperature field. An interesting result is that the propagating direction of the thermal wave is opposite to that of the classical Rossby wave. The result also shows that the thermal wave becomes dominant when the meridional gradient of sea temperature in the mixed layer exceeds a critical value. As a first approximation, it seems that both waves obtained by this study may be used to explain the observational facts that the SST anomalies can usually propagate in both directions, that is, eastward and westward, during the El Nino events.  相似文献   

17.
张人禾 《大气科学》1995,19(5):563-574
为了分析热带海气耦合系统中不稳定扰动究竟由哪种自由波占主导地位,根据本文第I部分提出的热带海气耦合模式,讨论了取耦合系统中不同的径向模时耦合波的性质,即分别讨论了大气长Rossby波和海洋长Rossby波、大气Kelvin波和海洋长Rossby波、大气长Rossby波和海洋Kelvin波的耦合波以及考虑了大气和海洋中所有这些波动时耦合波的性质。结果指出,这些耦合波对海气耦合模式中参数的取值很敏感,不同的参数可以产生性质不同的耦合波。本文的结果也说明了海气耦合系统的性质与热带大气的性质和结构有很大关系。  相似文献   

18.
东亚-太平洋型季节内演变和维持机理研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
利用850hPa的纬向风异常建立一个逐候东亚-太平洋(East Asian Pacific,EAP)型指数,研究其季节内演变特征,发现东亚-太平洋型经向波列是东亚夏季风季节内变化的主要模态.其演变过程为:扰动首先出现在北太平洋中部,并通过正压不稳定过程从基本气流中获得能量而发展,在高层罗斯贝波能量向南频散,激发热带对流异常和赤道罗斯贝波,并相互锁相,因赤道罗斯贝波受β效应影响而共同向西移动.热带对流和环流异常在菲律宾附近达到最强,此时在东亚沿岸出现经向三极型波列,此后中低纬度异常继续向西北方向移动,使降水异常在长江流域能维持较长时间.东亚-太平洋型在东亚发展和维持有以下原因:首先,菲律宾暖水上空的对流和低层环流之间存在正反馈;其次,由于海陆热力差异导致暖大陆和冷海洋之间存在特殊的纬向温度梯度和北风垂直切变,东亚-太平洋型在经向上有向北倾斜的斜压结构,能通过斜压能量转换从平均有效位能中获得能量,同时,也能从经向温度梯度的平均有效位能中获得能量.  相似文献   

19.
大气动力学诊断Rossby波的传播时,通常用波作用通量来表示。常用的三种波作用通量分别为Plumb波作用通量,T-N波作用通量和局地E-P通量。本文详细讨论了这三种方法的特征差异,并结合2016年1月的一次寒潮事件,比较了三种方法在该事件中的适用性。结果表明:1)Plumb波作用通量的纬向分量较大而经向分量较小,适用于振幅较小的纬向均匀的西风带Rossby长波的诊断。2)T-N波作用通量是对Plumb波作用通量的改进,经向分量得以增强,能更好地描述纬向非均匀气流中的较大振幅的西风带Rossby长波扰动。T-N波作用通量计算时,背景场取多年平均的当月气候场较合适,能更好地反映当前季节内的Rossby波传播异常。3)局地E-P通量可以诊断一段时间内天气尺度瞬变波对背景场(定常波)总的调控作用,但无法直接反映Rossby长波的逐时演变(T-N波或Plumb波作用通量则可以)。  相似文献   

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