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1.
This paper presents the laboratory test results of nailed soil slopes to study the behaviour of reinforced slopes under surcharge load. Tests were conducted on nailed soil slopes of three different slope angles (β = 30°, 45°and 60°) and nail inclinations (i = 0°, 15° and 30°). Each slope is reinforced with a number of hollow aluminium nails placed in three rows. The failure response, load-settlement, nail forces at the centre of nails and the distribution of nail forces along the length are examined during the tests. The numerical simulation of the model tests is performed by a 3-D finite element program. The numerical results are found in agreement to the corresponding experimental results. It is observed that the nails inclined at 0° to the horizontal give the maximum improvement in the load carrying capacity of the slopes followed closely by the 15° nail inclination. The maximum nail forces are observed in the topmost row of nails and decreases with the depth. The distribution of the nail forces along the nail are also found to be varying with respect to the failure surface of the slopes. 相似文献
2.
Pressure-grouted soil nails have been increasingly used for stabilizing slopes. The pullout resistance of a soil nail is the main factor for reinforcing the slope stability. In this study, a two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model is developed to simulate the pullout behavior of a pressure-grouted soil nail. This model is verified with field pullout tests result of a pressure-grouted soil nails by comparing with gravity-grouted soil nails. Based on the analysis, a three-dimensional finite element model is proposed for stability analysis of a slope reinforced with pressure-grouted soil nails using the shear strength reduction method. A series of numerical slope stability analyses for a slope composed of weathered soil are performed to investigate the effects of grouting pressure on the slope stability and the behavior of the soil nails. Special attention is given to the installation effect of a pressure-grouted soil nails. It is found from the result of this study that the pressure-grouted soil nails increase the safety factor by fifty percent in a slope by increasing the stiffness of the nailed slope system. Numerical analysis results confirm the fact that the pullout resistance of a soil nail is the main factor for stabilizing slopes rather than the shear resistance of the soil nail. 相似文献
3.
Deformation and crack development of a nailed loose fill slope subjected to water infiltration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The paper presents the characteristics of progressive movement and crack development observed in a loose fill slope reinforced by soil nails subjected to water infiltration. The purpose-built test slope was constructed by end-tipping completely decomposed granite on moderately gentle sloping ground with minimal compaction, and two rows of soil nails were installed after completion of the slope. Based on the field monitoring data obtained from a comprehensive instrumentation system, this field test has identified the initiation and development mechanism of deformation, including crack propagation in the test slope. The test results on the temporal and spatial variation of wetting-induced movement, water content distribution, and suction change as well as the formation and propagation of surficial cracks are presented. The causative mechanisms of wetting-induced deformations and their implications on the stability of nailed fill slopes are also presented and discussed. 相似文献
4.
Soil nailing has been widely used as a reinforcing technique to retain excavations and stabilise slopes. Proper assessment of the interaction between the nails and the surrounding soil is central to safe and economical design of the composite reinforced soil structure. In this note, a new interface model, denoted as “embedded bond-slip model”, is proposed to model the soil–nail interaction numerically in a simplified manner. Combining the key features of the embedded element technique and the conventional interface element method, the proposed plane–strain interface model has the advantages that no special considerations have to be given to the arrangement of the finite element mesh for the soil nails, and that possible tangential slippage along the interface can be modelled. The formulation also allows pore water flow across the soil nails to be incorporated into the analysis. The proposed model has been implemented into a finite element code and verified by simple element tests under different uni-direction loading conditions. Using the proposed interface model, back analyses of a field test involving a soil-nailed cut slope subjected to a rise in groundwater table have been conducted. This note presents the details of the embedded bond-slip model and the numerical results which demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of simulating soil–nail interaction conveniently and realistically. 相似文献
5.
River bank erosion control by soil nailing 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A study has been done for analysing soil nailed cuts with circular type wedge failure by friction circle method. Various parameters
such as nail length, nail diameter, nail inclination, wall inclination and angle of internal friction of soil have been considered
to determine the factor of safety of nailed open cuts. The study shows that for cohesionless soil nailed cut, factor of safety
increase with increase of parameters like angle of internal friction of soil, length of nail (L) versus height of cut (H) ratio, cohesion of soil and nail inclination (upto 15°) with horizontal. The study revealed that nails grouted with cement
perform better than driven nails. A case study further confirms the analytical findings.
Received 7 October 相似文献
6.
深基坑土钉支护现场测试分析研究 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16
土钉支护技术在我国深基坑开挖和支护中己得到了广泛的应用,但对其工作机理和计算方法的研究尚不完善。以一个基坑土钉支护工程为实例,对基坑水平位移、土钉拉力进行现场测试,得出了土钉水平位移和拉力的分布规律:(1)基坑最大位移发生在基坑顶部;(2)沿基坑深度范围受力最大的土钉在中部;(3)单根土钉最大拉力作用点在其长度的中部,沿基坑深度方向土钉最大拉力作用点的连线形成的曲线是潜在最危险滑动面的位置。 相似文献
7.
This paper aims to investigate the mechanical behaviour of a hybrid reinforced earth embankment built in limited width adjacent to a slope. This embankment system incorporates reinforced earth embankments with soil nails, installed in the existing ground. Soil nails work to provide additional resisting forces to stabilize the embankment which may be unstable due to insufficient reinforcement length. Nail forces developed in the hybrid reinforced earth embankment with various geometric conditions in the fill space are analyzed. The FE method is used to simulate the construction of the hybrid reinforced earth embankment. Influence of reinforcement length, reinforcement stiffness, and slope gradient on the nail forces developed following the construction is analyzed and discussed. Additionally, design concerns for the hybrid reinforced earth embankment system are also studied. Simple charts for estimating the maximum nail force mobilized at back of the hybrid reinforced earth embankment are established in this research and can be helpful in the design of the soil nails in the system. 相似文献
8.
The shaking table tests are conducted on small scale nailed embankment slopes to study their behavior under dynamic conditions.
Medium grained local sand with a water content of 3% is used in the study. The embankment slope is constructed using the controlled-volume
compaction method. Three slope angles, 30°, 35° and 40° with a constant slope height of 18 cm are considered for the embankment.
Each slope is reinforced with six number of hollow aluminum nails in two rows. The ratio of the length of nail to slope height
(0.82) is same for all model slopes. The nails are inserted at three different inclinations. Three strain gauges are glued
to each nail to obtain local strains during shaking. The accelerations at the base and the crest of the model slopes are monitored
to find the acceleration responses of the embankments during the input ground motions. The numerical simulation of the model
tests is performed by a commercial program called FLAC. The results of the numerical analyses are found to be reasonably close
to the corresponding experimental results. 相似文献
9.
Satyendra Mittal 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(3):675-688
A study has been done for soil nailed cut considering circular type wedge failure by friction circle method. Effect of variation
of design parameters such as nail length, nail diameter, nail inclination, wall inclination, angle of internal friction of
soil, etc. have been incorporated in the study to determine the factor of safety of nailed open cuts. It is seen that at sites
which are susceptible to rainfall induced erosion, the erosion may be checked to a greater degree by soil nailing. This methodology
can be adopted at embankment sites, natural slopes, highways, etc. including free board of riverbank area of natural rivers.
The study shows that grouted nails perform better than driven nails. A case study further confirms the analytical findings. 相似文献
10.
土钉支护施工阶段土钉轴力的计算分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土钉支护的形成过程对其受力和变形有直接影响。结合土钉支护边开挖、边支护且开挖在前的施工特点,定义开挖影响面以反映土体开挖时边坡滑动趋势的变化,与开挖影响面相交处的土钉在土体开挖时轴力增加最多。开挖土压力表示以开挖影响面为边界的土块体产生的土压力,由相邻两步开挖土压力之差求得挖土引起的不平衡力。增加的土钉轴力在平衡此不平衡力的同时,维持着边坡稳定。据此,以开挖影响面及其土钉轴力增量为主要研究对象,提出了施工阶段土钉轴力的分析方法。该方法在求得土钉轴力最大值及其作用位置的同时,还给出了土钉轴力沿钉长方向的分布。应用此方法对法国CLOUTERRE项目1号墙足尺试验进行了计算,结果表明：计算与测试结果吻合良好。 相似文献
11.
地震效应和坡顶超载对均质土坡稳定性影响的拟静力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于强度折减技术和极限分析上限定理,假定机动容许的速度场破坏面,考虑坡顶超载、水平和竖向地震效应影响推导了边坡稳定性安全系数的计算表达式。采用序列二次规划迭代方法（和内点迭代方法）对边坡安全系数目标函数进行能量耗散最小化意义上的优化计算,与多个算例的对比验证了其方法和程序计算的正确性;对影响土质边坡动态稳定性的一些因素进行了参数分析,分析表明：随着边坡倾角?、坡顶超载q、水平和竖向地震效应影响系数的增大,边坡稳定性安全系数显著下降;随着坡顶超载q、水平地震效应影响系数kh的增大、竖向地震效应影响系数kv的减小,边坡的潜在滑动面越来越深,潜在破坏范围越来越大。竖向地震效应对边坡稳定性也有一定影响,强震条件下的设计计算必须考虑竖向地震效应的影响。 相似文献
12.
黄土边坡开挖与支护效应的离心模拟试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄土边坡在开挖卸载过程中的稳定性分析及其防护在边坡工程中占有重要地位。采用西南交通大学土工离心机进行了1组非支护边坡和2组土钉支护边坡的离心模型试验,研究了开挖卸载过程中黄土边坡的变形特性、稳定性变化规律及土钉的加固效应。离心模型试验研究表明,土钉能够显著提高黄土边坡的稳定性。土钉支护的边坡土体,因土钉的锚固效应,边坡的变形范围更大,但变形量较小,最大变形量并不在坡面,而是发生在坡面下的锚固区域内,非支护黄土边坡的潜在滑移面产生于距坡顶约40 cm处,土钉支护后,黄土边坡基本不会发生破坏。对于抵抗边坡发生变形而言,不等长土钉支护的效果要优于等长土钉支护,研究成果为黄土边坡的开挖与防护提供了参考。 相似文献
13.
土钉支护是加固机制上的锚固机制,土钉支护的受力和变形是随施工过程逐步变化的。采用追踪施工过程的增量计算方法,并将稳定性分析与土钉轴力计算相统一,根据稳定性要求来计算土钉受力,是土钉支护中土钉受力计算的合理途径。考虑到土钉支护中土与土钉共同作用以及潜在滑移面处土钉受力的特点,在土钉支护的稳定性分析中可以采用极限分析上限方法。根据上限方法中的相容速度场以及土钉受力与位移的关系,可确定在上限分析中每一开挖工况下土钉轴力增量的比例关系。应用上限方法的能量方程进行每一开挖工况下土钉支护稳定性的计算,即可优化求解出每一开挖工况下的土钉所需提供的能量耗散,而后依据上述确定的增量比例系数,即可求得该开挖工况下的土钉轴力增量,而各开挖工况下土钉轴力增量的积累即为最终土钉轴力。通过工程实例计算表明,上述方法是准确和有效的。 相似文献
14.
A nailed soil wall curved in plan was modelled in three-dimensions by the finite element method for construction, service and ultimate loading conditions. The behaviour of the nailed soil wall, the soil–nail interaction, the role of the reinforcement, and the overall and internal failure mechanisms were investigated. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
2D Numerical Simulations of Soil Nail Walls 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
In practice, numerical simulations of soil nail walls are often carried out to assess the performance and stability. In the
present study, implications of the use of advanced soil models, such as hardening soil model and hardening soil with small-strain
stiffness model to simulate the behavior of in situ soil on the overall response of simulated soil nail wall have been studied,
and compared with respect to the analysis using conventional and most prevalently used Mohr-Coulomb soil model. Further, influence
of the consideration of bending stiffness of soil nails on the simulation results has been examined. Results of the simulations
indicated that the use of advanced models is desirable for cases of soil nail walls constructed in soft soils and when lateral
wall displacements are critical to the adjoining structures. Incorporation of bending stiffness of nails is found important
from the consideration of facing failure modes of soil nail walls. 相似文献
16.
中国大面积场地形成工程日益增多,在缓解土地供求矛盾的同时也带来了诸多工程问题,如场地大面积沉降会造成桩基负摩阻力增加,影响桩基安全性,但针对大面积填土场地中桩基负摩阻力研究成果较少。结合某现场试验,建立了单桩有限元分析模型,与实测数据对比验证模型的合理性。基于验证后的数值分析模型,研究了大面积填土场地工程中填土天然重度及厚度、桩顶和地表荷载及场地形成时间对摩擦型桩下拉荷载和中性点的影响。结果表明,填土厚度和桩顶荷载的变化显著影响中性点的位置;填土的天然重度和厚度越大,下拉荷载越大;场地固结时间越长,下拉荷载越小;减小桩顶荷载和增加地表堆载会增大下拉荷载。敏感度分析表明,相比荷载因素,场地形成因素对下拉荷载及桩顶沉降影响更为显著。最后,结合国内外规范讨论了考虑大面积填土场地中摩擦型桩负摩阻力计算方法的适用性。研究结果对大面积填土场地摩擦型桩设计具有参考价值。 相似文献
17.
A detailed study of nailed slopes under different conditions is reported in this paper. No major difference is found in terms of safety and slip surfaces between the strength reduction method (SRM) and the limit equilibrium method (LEM) in general cases. Appreciable differences between the SRM and LEM appear, however, if the nail load is controlled by the overburden stress. Some special slip surfaces from the SRM obtained by using a very fine mesh are discussed. Field tests demonstrated that the nail head is important in determining the failure mode and the factor of safety of a nailed slope, while the effect of the nail elastic modulus is more noticeable only when the slope is very steep. The optimum layout of the soil nail was found to be longer at bottom and shorter at the top, which is contrary to some engineers’ guidelines for soil nail design during top-down construction. The distribution of tensional force along the soil nail is influenced by the state of the slope (service state, limit state) and the failure modes (external failure, internal failure). In general, the line of maximum tension may not correspond to the critical slip surface as commonly believed, except for the case where the failure mode is an internal tensile failure. 相似文献
18.
Soil nailing is the most popular technique for stabilizing newly formed and existing sub-standard slopes in Hong Kong because of its economic and technical advantages. The nail–soil interface shear resistance is an important parameter in design of soil nailed structures. A three-dimensional finite element model was established and used for simulating soil nail pull-out tests. The finite element model was verified by comparing simulated results with measured data. The agreement between the experimental and simulated results in terms of both average pull-out shear stress and stress variation was very good. Using this finite element model, a parametric study was carried out to study the influences of the overburden pressure and soil dilation angle on the soil nail pull-out resistance. The simulated peak pull-out resistance was not directly related to the overburden pressure, which was coincident with the observations in laboratory pull-out tests. The simulated pull-out resistance increased significantly with the increase in dilation angle of the shearing zone. This analysis indicated that the constrained dilatancy of the nail–soil interface and the soil surrounding the nail contributed a lot to the development of peak pull-out resistance. 相似文献
19.
Gosavi Meenal Swami Saran Satyendra Mittal 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(4):571-583
In this paper, a pseudo-static analysis has been presented to investigate the stability of soil nailed vertical/nearly vertical
excavations. The failure surface is assumed as the arc of log-spiral passing through the toe of the excavation and intersecting
the ground at right angle. The horizontal and vertical seismic forces are taken in terms of horizontal and vertical seismic
coefficients. The internal failure mode of the nailed cut is considered either by pull-out or rupture or excessive bending
whichever is critical. Expression for the factor of safety is derived using moment equilibrium method. Results have been arranged
in tabular form considering ranges of the design parameters usually occur in practice. A typical table for the design of nailed
excavation with driven nails is presented in the paper. Analytical results have been compared with the findings of model tests
and reasonably good agreement has been observed. 相似文献
20.