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天然气水合物具有储量丰富、清洁高效的特点,世界各国非常重视天然气水合物资源的调查和开采工作,我国在2017年顺利实施了海域天然气水合物直井试采工作,并取得了丰硕的成果。水力喷射微小井眼技术是一项正在兴起的新型钻探技术,已经在石油钻探中得到了一定的应用,将其应用到海域天然气水合物钻探中具有钻井成本低、可顺利完成水平段钻进、降低井眼轨迹控制难度、储层污染小,降低了大规模海底坍塌的风险的优势,但是还存在着水平段长度短、井壁稳定性差、卡钻事故处理难度大、钻井工具开发难、连续油管寿命短等关键技术问题需要解决。 相似文献
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《地学前缘》2017,(5):368-382
作为极具潜力的未来清洁能源,海域天然气水合物开发难度大、环境保护要求高,需要大范围地对水合物储层进行动态监控。然而,虽然在国外的天然气水合物试开发时,曾尝试对储层进行监测,但主要是局限于开发井周边小范围监测。对天然气水合物藏的大规模监测,目前国内外都还没有建立起相关的技术系统,即使有关的研究都还很少。在未来的几年内,我国以及日本、韩国、印度等将在海域开展天然气水合物的长期试开发,在开发过程中对储层的大规模监测必不可少。本文从水合物藏的岩石物理特征出发,讨论了沉积物中水合物的饱和度和孔隙赋存状态对其声学和电学性质的影响规律,比较了基于水合物的地震和电磁性质的多种地球物理勘探手段应用于海域水合物藏大规模监测的可行性和利弊。针对我国南海天然气水合物生产试验和未来商业开发的储层监测需求,为实现对大区域水合物储层和海底变形的定量监测,我们设计的水合物试采过程监测系统由井中地球物理参量监控、三维全光纤4分量海底时移地震和海底多功能监测站三部分构成。该方案大量利用油气行业现有成熟技术,并对其进行优化设计,可实施性强,能够较全面地收集海域水合物开采过程中储层相关的基础数据,从而可为后续技术优化、水合物资源评价、海底环境保护、工程灾害预防等方面提供科学依据。 相似文献
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叶建良 秦绪文 谢文卫 卢海龙 马宝金 邱海峻 梁金强 陆敬安 匡增桂 陆程 梁前勇 魏士鹏 于彦江 刘春生 李彬 申凯翔 史浩贤 卢秋平 李晶 寇贝贝 宋刚 李博 张贺恩 陆红锋 马超 董一飞 边航 《中国地质》2020,47(3):557-568
泥质粉砂型天然气水合物被认为是储量最大开采难度亦最大的水合物储层,2017年南海天然气水合物试采,初步验证了此类水合物储层具备可开采性。在总结前次试采认识的基础上,对试采矿体进行优选、精细评价、数值与试验模拟和陆地试验,中国地质调查局于2019年10月—2020年4月在南海水深1225 m神狐海域进行了第二次天然气水合物试采。本次试采攻克了钻井井口稳定性、水平井定向钻进、储层增产改造与防砂、精准降压等一系列深水浅软地层水平井技术难题,实现连续产气30 d,总产气量86.14×104m3,日均产气2.87×104m3,是首次试采日产气量的5.57倍,大大提高了日产气量和产气总量。试采监测结果表明,整个试采过程海底、海水及大气甲烷含量无异常。本次成功试采进一步表明,泥质粉砂储层天然气水合物具备可安全高效开采的可行性。 相似文献
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天然气水合物分布广、埋藏浅、清洁无污染、储量巨大,被视为油气领域最有潜力的替代清洁能源。全球目前有5个国家进行了8次天然气水合物试采工作,特别是2017年5月中国神狐海域天然气水合物试采取得了巨大成功,创造了产气时间和产气总量两项世界纪录,但是由于天然气水合物特殊的物理力学性质和赋存状态,技术经济开采还面临诸多难题。在分类总结天然气水合物开采方法的基础上,分析了中日两国的海域天然气水合物试采情况及试采数据,得出了如下结论与建议:（1）天然气水合物开采方法可归纳为两大类:原位分解法和地层采掘法;（2）海域天然气水合物试采数据表明:压力和温度条件都是影响产气速率的主要因素与约束条件,在生产不同阶段,影响产气能力的主要因素不同;（3）对日本第1次天然气水合物试采数据分析表明,压力驱动力、温度驱动力与产气速率均有较好的相关性,提出了表征温度压力耦合关系的指标相态平衡距,研究了产气速率与相态平衡距的分段线性关系,建立了天然气水合物储层分解动力学模型范式;（4）分析了降压开采方法中大幅快速降压与分段缓慢降压两种降压方式的优劣,提出有效供热是实现天然气水合物降压开采的长期高产的必要条件,集成页岩气开发中的水平井压裂技术与干热岩地热开发中热量对流交换循环的原理,提出对流注热降压开采方法。 相似文献
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日本在实施天然气水合物研发计划（MH21）的第一阶段（2001—2008）及之后,作为合作伙伴,参加了加拿大Mallik和美国阿拉斯加陆域永冻层的水合物试采工程项目,并在本国南海海槽分别于2000年和2004年实施了水合物探井施工和多井钻探取样调查。从MH21第二阶段（2009—2015）开始,日本加强了对南海海槽东部的钻探、取样调查,运用新研发的CDEX hybrid PCS系统采取保压岩心;运用PCCT压力岩心测试鉴定仪器,对含水合物沉积地层的岩样作精密测试分析;提出水合物开采环境效应评估（EIA）研究战略,运用综合方法认真实施EIA调查,以及对海域水合物生产环境监测系统,包括海底甲烷泄漏监测仪（MLMS）、海底变形测量仪（SDMS）等予以布署。2013年3月12—18日,日本在南海海槽东部深水水合物储层实施了第一次天然气水合物的试采。六日内累积生产气量约120000 m3,平均日产气量20000 m3。这是世界上第一次海域天然气水合物成功的试采工程,是国际天然气水合物开发史上的一座里程碑。但是,天然气水合物的商业化开采在国际上将是一个艰难、漫长的过程。 相似文献
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《地下水》2020,(3)
在常规油气田开采中,储层改造技术是一种有效的增产、增注技术,其在水合物矿藏开采中有较好的应用前景,但到目前为止国内还没有关于储层改造技术对水合物矿藏产能增产效果的评价研究。本文利用劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室开发的水合物藏开采模拟软件TOUGH+HYDRATE,以中国地质调查局2007年采集的南海北部神狐海域SH7的测井数据为基础,建立了实际水合物藏分层地质模型,分析对比了单一垂直井在储层改造条件下和裸眼完井条件下井底流压均为4. 5 MP时的产气产水变化规律。模拟结果表明,在本文假设的储层改造条件下水合物矿藏产能可提高约3倍。研究结果可为南海神狐海域和类似地区天然气水合物矿藏实施增产工程技术手段提供理论指导。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献