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利用天山中东段地区25个数字地震台站记录到的2009~2014年底5076个近震波形资料以及新疆地震台网提供的观测报告,采用遗传算法对S波位移谱的高频衰减进行拟合,得到19140条衰减算子t~*数据。根据这些t*数据,反演得到该区地壳Q_s值分布。结果表明,天山中东段地区平均Q_0值为520,其Q_s值分布及其所揭示的衰减变化特征与研究区的地表构造明显相关。天山南北两侧的山区盆地交汇部位Q_s值较低,而高Q_s值较为集中地分布于天山造山带内部。1900年以来天山中东段地区6级以上强震大多位于低Q_s值区域,该区24个高热流点也大多位于上述天山南北两侧的低Q_s值区域,热流值与衰减值呈负相关;此外,研究区的速度结构与衰减结构也呈一定的正相关,反映了二维衰减结构特征与速度结构、二维密度结构的一致性。 相似文献
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研究表明,地震波穿过构造活动相对稳定地区时,能量衰减不明显且具有高Q值;而穿过构造活动地区时,能量会发生强烈衰减且具有低Q值。本文利用Sato模型对依舒断裂带北段萝北-通河地区15个数字化地震台站记录到的266条M_L≥2.0地震尾波Q_c值进行了分析和研究,发现黑龙江萝北、通河附近地区Q_c值具有明显的复杂性和差异性,且萝北地区Q_c值远低于通河地区Q_c值,其原因一方面与区域构造活动有关,另一方面与区域地壳构造复杂、地下介质破碎、区域应力不断变化有关。本文还讨论了萝北、通河附近地区Q值随着频率变化的关系及Q_0值空间分布特征,有效地分析了该区域介质状态的变化过程,对萝北地区地震活动性的研究和预测有指导意义。 相似文献
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利用云南和四川数字地震观测台网记录的数字化地震资料,开展了川滇地区不同频率的QLg层析成像研究,反演结果的空间分辨率小于100 km.反演结果表明,川滇地区介质的横向不均匀性强烈,QLg高低值差异显著.川滇地区显著的高衰减区有川滇菱形块体的东南边界（即沿鲜水河至安宁河以及思茅—澜沧—普洱区）,滇西北地区、龙门山断裂以西松潘—茂文地区、巴塘及理塘强震区等,Lg波高衰减区的分布与构造活动强烈、强震活动或大震破裂造成介质破碎区、低速区等相关,表明构造活动强烈或大震破裂造成的介质破碎、热物质沿活动断裂上涌等可能是川滇地区低QLg的主要成因.显著的低衰减区有川东盆地、滇东南地区以及金沙江、怒江断裂的中段区域,滇中块体内部也呈现出相对的低衰减特征.Lg波低衰减区与地震活动性弱、速度正异常等相关,表明川滇地区Lg波的低衰减区与地壳变形、地震活动性及水热活动弱、块体稳定等有关. 相似文献
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《地震地质》2016,(3)
利用海南岛及邻区2000—2012年精定位后的地震S波资料进行Q_s值成像,得到区域Q_s值分布和滑动平均Q_s值变化,结合地震活动、火山、热流点和GPS基线变化分析区域浅层地壳(深5~15km)S波衰减的时空变化特征,并讨论了区域地壳介质应力条件状态变化的特点。结果表明:1)衰减成像结果显示研究区Q_s值空间上横向不均匀变化显著,总体呈现海南岛中部高、周边低的特征,低Q_s值(高衰减)主要分布在王五-文教断裂以北、尖峰-吊罗断裂以南及铺前-清澜断裂以东区域。地震活动多丛集分布在高、低Q_s值过渡区域,火山主要分布在王五-文教断裂以北的雷琼坳陷低Q_s值区域及其附近,大地热流点分布于低Q_s值及其边缘区域。2)滑动平均Q_s值的时间变化特征与地震活动性、泸州—琼中GPS基线变化存在较强的相关性。2000—2008年,研究区地震活动性较强,泸州—琼中GPS基线呈缩短趋势,滑动平均Q_s值相对较高,区域可能处于"高"应力介质条件状态;2008—2012年,研究区地震活动性较弱,泸州—琼中GPS基线显示伸长趋势,滑动平均Q_s值相对较低,区域可能处于应力调整、松弛的"低"应力介质条件状态。 相似文献
6.
甘肃地区S波非弹性衰减Q值研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文中利用新建"十五"数字化地震观测网络项目记录到的甘肃地区地震波形资料,研究了甘肃地区S波的非弹性衰减Q值,得到甘肃东南地区Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=374.0f0.3084;祁连山中东段地区Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=693.6f0.2865。从分区Q值研究结果看,各分区之间存在较大差异,显示出了Q值空间分布的非均匀性特征,这种区域差异性与甘肃地区构造活动、地震活动、地壳速度结构及热活动状态的区域差异性有较好的一致性,活动强烈、高热活动以及低速区为相对低Q值区,地震波衰减较快。 相似文献
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根据35个数字地震台站记录的云南地区1999 ~2007年6429个近震的波形资料,采用遗传算法对S波位移谱的高频衰减进行拟合,得到19009条衰减算子t*数据.根据这些衰减算子t*数据,反演得到云南地区地壳Q值分布.结果表明,云南地区的地壳Q值分布存在显著的横向不均匀性,即红河断裂北侧地壳Q值整体偏低,而红河断裂南侧地壳Q值整体较高.云南地区1900年以来6级以上强震基本上位于低Q值区域,这可能由于强烈构造活动导致地壳产生大量裂隙,且裂隙中充满流体,从而表现为低Q值;但呈北西向的龙陵—澜沧—耿马—孟连一带的强震却位于高Q值区,这可能与该地区正发育一条新的构造带有关.此外,云南地区的高大地热流点(>80 mW/m2)基本上位于低Q值区域,热流值与衰减值成负对应关系. 相似文献
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利用国家测震台网数据备份中心提供的2009年1月至2015年11月的地震波形数据,选取震级范围为ML1.8~6.7,震中距小于800km的1 820个地震事件的16 156条Pg波到时数据,对鄂尔多斯西南缘P波三维Q值分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:鄂尔多斯西南缘一系列呈"L"型分布的断裂带上,Q值呈现出比较低的水平;而其两侧地区,Q值相对较高,且分布存在较大差异。研究区内呈现低Q值状态的海原地区和天水—礼县地区存在明显的低阻—低速层,而高Q值的渭源—定西—通渭—西吉地区则在地壳内缺失低阻层。另外,存在明显高热流的渭河盆地和天水—礼县地区,Q值都明显偏低,而其周围地区则Q值较高。沿临潼—长安—富城—蒲城断裂走向,有一条比较显著的垂直形变梯度带和重力变化等值线,水平形变沿此断裂方向呈现条带状变化特征,而该区低Q值的状态反映了Q值分布与地壳大面积的垂直、水平形变及重力变化等存在一定联系。 相似文献
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山西断陷带地热分布的某些特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用山西断陷带的大地热流、地温梯度和温泉分布的资料，研究了地热分布与重力场、地壳深部构造和地震分布的关系。认为，区域性重力负异常多反映的是沉积盆地或凹陷；而在温泉附近，由于地壳深部高密度的熔融物质沿断裂上涌而形成重力正异常；在同一深度上，地壳和岩石圈薄的断陷盆地内部，其热流和温度都为高值；指出山西断陷带内的构造活动性、壳幔突变带、重磁力等值线密集带、大地热流和地温梯度高值区以及温泉密集分布带与地震活动之间都有着内在的联系。 相似文献
10.
文中利用陕西数字地震遥测台网14个遥测子台记录的远震波形资料,用频率域反褶积方法提取接收函数,由H-Kappa叠加方法反演得到各台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比。在此基础上结合相关地震构造文献,对陕西地区的地壳特征进行了分析,并讨论了陕西地震活动与地壳结构、地质构造之间的关系。研究结果表明:1)陕西地区的地壳总体趋势是东薄西厚,陕西南部和北部地区地壳较厚(≥40km),位于陕西中部的渭河盆地地壳较薄(34～40km);14个台站中,渭河盆地东部与山西交界的华阴台下方地壳厚度最薄(34km),而盆地西北端的陇县台位于六盘山余脉上,地壳厚度最厚(48km)。2)陕西地区泊松比值总体变化不大(0.24～0.29),可能表明这一地区的岩石组成以中度组分为主;以渭河盆地为界,向北靠近地台一侧泊松比值相对较高,向南靠近秦岭山脉一侧则比值相对较低。3)地震活动与地质构造之间存在内在的联系。渭河盆地处于几个构造体系的复合部位,属于强地震的多发区;陕西南部地区的地震活动相对较弱,主要发生在汉中盆地和安康盆地,受陕南几条主要断裂控制;陕西北部地区地质构造相对稳定,地震活动最弱。泊松比反映了地球内部的物质构成,分析认为其与地震活动存在一 相似文献
11.
Yogui GT Santos MC Bertozzi CP Sericano JL Montone RC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(12):2666-2670
Limited information is available in the literature on the levels of brominated flame retardants in the southern hemisphere. This study presents concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the blubber of small cetaceans from the coast of São Paulo (Brazil), southwestern Atlantic. PBDE levels were highest in Stenellafrontalis (770 ng g−1 lipid) followed by Stenobredanensis (475 ng g−1 lipid), Sotaliaguianensis (65.6 ng g−1 lipid), Tursiopstruncatus (64.2 ng g−1 lipid) and Pontoporiablainvillei (60.3 ng g−1 lipid). In general, continental shelf individuals exhibited higher contamination than inshore animals. This might be related to larger prey items consumed by continental shelf dolphins. The pattern of contamination indicates that Penta-BDE commercial mixtures are a major source of PBDEs to top predators in the southwestern Atlantic. Congeners found in Octa-BDE formulations were not detected in the investigated animals. 相似文献
12.
Floristic surveys, vegetation mapping, and detailed transect analyses rendered a macrophyte flora of 14 native and five alien taxa of flowering plants in the River Erft, a contributory of the River Rhine in Northrhine-Westphalia. Water temperatures of this river do not fall below 10 °C all the year round, for reasons of geothermically heated water discharged from nearby opencast mining areas. Macrophyte stand structures, composed of the neophytes Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minuta (floating) and Myriophyllum aquaticum, Egeria densa, and Vallisneria spiralis (rooted in the muddy or sandy ground of the river) are described and the ecological requirements of these taxa are characterized. The alien species can be seen as elements that increase the α-diversity of the aquatic vegetation of the River Erft. They do not replace any of the native species, even if shifts in the competition dynamics occur. The colonization by neophytes of the abnormally warmed River Erft can be appreciated as paradigmatic for trends in the macrophyte vegetation of medium-sized rivers in Central Europe when climate-related or discharge-based heating of the waterbody occurs and propagules of alien plants imported by waterfowl or – more important – plants from aquarium waste will find suitable places of existence and spread. 相似文献
13.
Burša Milan Raděj Karel Šima Zdislav True Scott A. Vatrt Viliam 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1997,41(3):203-216
The geopotential scale factor R
o
= GM/W
o
(the GM geocentric gravitational constant adopted) and/or geoidal potential Wo have been determined on the basis of the first year's (Oct 92 – Dec 93) ERS-1/TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and of the POCM 4B sea surface topography model: R
o
°=(6 363 672.58°±0.05) m, W
o
°=(62 636 855.8°±0.05)m
2
s
–2
. The 2°–°3 cm uncertainty in the altimeter calibration limits the actual accuracy of the solution. Monitoring dW
o
/dt has been projected. 相似文献
14.
外来种福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)相较我国本土螺类其牧食量更大且繁殖速度更快,对栖息地水生植物的现存量和实施水生植被恢复的生态治理工程的成功性可能构成威胁,目前对福寿螺影响浅水湖泊沉水植物的重建缺乏足够的研究.本文通过设置不同沉水植物种类组合系统,研究福寿螺对3种常用于浅水富营养化湖泊治理的沉水植物密刺苦草(Vallisneria denseserrulata)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)的牧食偏好以及不同植物配置系统理化因子的响应变化,结果表明福寿螺对沉水植物植株附着偏好为密刺苦草轮叶黑藻穗花狐尾藻,而牧食破坏强度为轮叶黑藻穗花狐尾藻密刺苦草,轮叶黑藻最容易受到福寿螺牧食影响而快速消亡,穗花狐尾藻叶片也会被全部牧食仅剩下茎,而苦草存活受到的影响较小.福寿螺会导致轮叶黑藻+密刺苦草组合系统中总氮、氨氮、总磷、正磷酸盐浓度显著升高,而密刺苦草+穗花狐尾藻组合中总磷、正磷酸盐浓度显著升高,但是在轮叶黑藻+穗花狐尾藻组合中仅总氮浓度显著升高.研究表明福寿螺能够影响沉水植物间的竞争关系,但是3种沉水植物均不能阻止福寿螺的牧食;福寿螺牧食会显著降低沉水植物生物量,最终会影响草型清水态系统的稳定性. 相似文献
15.
Species differences in stomatal control of water loss at the canopy scale in a mature bottomland deciduous forest 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In order to evaluate factors controlling transpiration of six common eastern deciduous species in North America, a model describing responses of canopy stomatal conductance (GS) to net radiation (RN), vapor pressure deficit (D) and relative extractable soil water (REW) was parameterized from sap flux data. Sap flux was measured in 24 mature trees consisting of the species Carya tomentosa, Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Fraxinus americana, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Liquidambar styraciflua in a bottomland oak-hickory forest in the Duke Forest, NC. Species differences in model coefficients were found during the 1997 growing season. All species showed a reduction in GS with increasing D. RN influenced GS in the overstory shade intolerant L. styraciflua to a larger extent than the other species measured. In addition, despite a severe drought during the study period, only L. tulipifera showed a decline in GS with decreasing REW. The primary effect of the drought for the other species appeared to be early autumn leaf senescence and abscission. As a result, despite the drought in this bottomland forest accustomed to ample water supply, maximum daily transpiration (1.6 mm) and growing season transpiration (264 mm) were similar to a nearby upland forest measured during a year of above average precipitation. These results may aid in assessing differences in water use and the ability of bottomland deciduous species to tolerate alterations in the frequency or amount of precipitation. Results also suggest little variation in water use among forests of similar composition and structure growing in different positions in the landscape and subjected to large interannual variation in water supply. 相似文献
16.
Nga Yu Ho Vincent Wai Tsun Li Wing Lin Poon Shuk Han Cheng 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):425
kif7 is a member of the kinesin superfamily members which are molecular motor proteins that move along microtubules in a highly regulated manner through ATP hydrolysis. In this paper, we report on the cloning of the Oryzias melastigma kif7 (omkif7) using primers designed according to the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) database. The cloned omkif7 has an open reading frame of 3762bp and is deduced to encode a polypeptide of 1254 amino acids that possesses the putative ATP-binding and microtubule-binding motifs in its motor domain at the N-terminal region. We characterized the cloned omkif7 by comparison with the zebrafish kif7. Both omkif7 and zebrafish kif7 are shown to be expressed in all embryonic stages and adult tissues examined with higher expression level in the testis and ovary. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that the expression of omkif7 is ubiquitous during the early stages of embryonic development, but became more restrictive and localized to the brain, fin bud and eye at later development. This study suggested that the brackish O.melastigma can serve as a good seawater model organism for developmental studies by utilizing the resources developed from its close relative of the Japanese medaka. 相似文献
17.
An Aphanomyces sp. (Oomycetes) was found to be an important egg parasite of Eudiaptomus gracilis (Copepoda) in Lake Mondsee (Austria). The infection is evidenced by densely packed infection hyphae, attached with holdfasts and wrapped around the female's abdomen. The infection hyphae give rise to hyphae which penetrate the egg sac, and subsequently kill all eggs. The infection obviously has no pathogenetic effects on the egg-carrying female. Infected females appear during summer and fall, mainly in warm water layers. Infected egg clutches are found at all seasons of the year, indicating considerable birth control of the Eudiaptomus population by parasite infection. It seems possible that the actual Aphanomyces sp. is not the only parasite involved. 相似文献
18.
城市河道黑臭底泥对挺水植物光合荧光特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
城市河道黑臭现象日益严重,探讨常见湿地植物在黑臭底泥中的生长,有利于为河道修复物种选择提供科学依据.研究黑臭底泥对3种常见湿地植物——菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、美人蕉(Canna indica)及慈姑(Sagittaria sagittifolia)生长状况和叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明:菖蒲和美人蕉在第30~40 d时生物量增量明显降低,慈姑的生物量增量在整个实验中持续增加;通过比较3种湿地植物的荧光参数可知,菖蒲和美人蕉的光化学淬灭系数(q P)、相对光合电子传递速率(r ETR)值在第10 d时达到最大,分别为41.33μmol/(m2·s)和68.60μmol/(m2·s),后30 d一直下降;慈姑q P、r ETR值在第30 d时增加;在第40 d时,美人蕉q P值下降,非光化学淬灭系数(q N)值上升,叶片有较强的热耗散能力,而菖蒲的q P、q N值同时下降,黑臭底泥对菖蒲叶片的光合系统PSⅡ造成伤害.这说明黑臭底泥对菖蒲和美人蕉的光合能力产生较长期抑制,而慈姑可较快适应黑臭底泥的胁迫.因此利用湿地植物修复黑臭河道时,可优先选择慈姑,其次是美人蕉,最后是菖蒲. 相似文献
19.
The effects of a mixture of heavy metals (Pb, Zn and Cu) on growth, radial oxygen loss (ROL) and the spatial pattern of ROL were investigated in mangrove seedlings of three species: Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Heavy metals inhibited the growth of seedlings and led to decreased ROL and changes in the “tight” barrier spatial pattern of ROL. There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of ROL from the roots of seedlings and metal tolerance. The species with the highest ROL amount, B. gymnorrhiza, were also the most tolerant to heavy metals. The “tight” barrier spatial ROL pattern was also related to metal tolerance in the seedlings. Therefore, we conclude that both ROL amount and “tight” barrier spatial ROL pattern in the roots of the mangrove seedlings play an important role in resistance to heavy metal toxicity. 相似文献
20.
The present paper analyses predation patterns, of Percichthys trucha and salmonid fish upon Galaxias maculatus in five lakes of northern Patagonia with differing community and environmental characteristics. Tank experiments were performed to evaluate relative efficiency of native and exotic predators of G. maculatus under treatments with and without cover (aquatic vegetation). Important differences were found between predators with regards to distribution and consumption of G. maculatus. Salmonids are more efficient than P. trucha in consuming G. maculatus in deep environments with scarcely vegetation; in contrast to native species they frequently use the pelagic environment. Although pelagic habitat might have served in the past as a refuge from native predators in the past, G maculatus now experiences intense predation in the pelagic zone by exotic salmonids. It is suggested that the widespread distribution of G. maculatus in Patagonian lakes may have facilitated the success of salmonids throughout Patagonia. 相似文献