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1.
用于海洋-大气辐射传递计算的光学参数数据库 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
开发和建立了用于海洋-大气辐射传递计算的光学参数数据库.它包括海中主要成分(纯海水、浮游植物、悬移质、可溶有机物)的固有光学参数(光谱吸收系数、光谱散射系数等)及大气中主要气溶胶的有关光学参数.在这些光学参数中,大多数是来自现场的直接测量,一些是间接测量获取,还有一些是通过理论计算得到. 相似文献
2.
太湖水中可溶性有机质,悬浮质和浮游藻类色素的光学特性的测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文着重分析了分光光度计测定的太湖水体中悬浮质、可溶性有机质和浮游藻类色素在可见光波段(400nm—700nm)的吸收;讨论了对池塘及两种高等植物色素吸收的对比测定;并利用迭代回归方法对测试样品的散射效应进行了订正。结果表明:(1)可溶性有机质吸收在短波部分较强;并且随着入射波长的增大,吸收几乎呈指数律减小,减小速率比国外海洋中的测量结果小。(2)水中悬浮质对光具有较强的散射作用,散射系数约按入射波长呈倒数变化。(3)不同植物中的色素的吸收光谱有明显差异。此外,利用所测数据,本文还对冬季太湖水体的反射光谱和向下光照衰减系数进行了数值计算,表明该水体对入射光照的反射和衰减与纯净水情况有很大差别,目此,太湖水光学特性研究中必须考虑水中物质的影响。 相似文献
3.
用国家海洋局1975—1982年间在黄东海调查的海水透明度数据换算为悬浮体含量,用NOAA卫星高分辨率辐射计数据计算悬浮体含量,以绘制悬浮体含量分布图。分布图显示,研究区有三个悬浮体含量高值区,位于苏北浅滩、长江口、成山角沿岸水域。研究表明,风浪是影响悬浮体含量的海洋外部的主要因素。层化参量是影响悬浮体含量海洋内部的主要因素。 相似文献
4.
The distribution of the suspended particulate matter concentration in the Kara Sea is analyzed based on ship and satellite
data. The statistical relationships between the suspended matter concentration and the optical characteristics were revealed.
Charts of the distribution of the suspended matter concentration in the Kara Sea were plotted, which confirmed that the application
of optical methods for analyzing the spatial distribution of the suspended matter is effective. The most turbid waters were
observed in the Ob Gulf, Yenisei Bay, the Baidaratskaya Gulf, and the adjacent regions. The smallest concentrations of suspended
matter were observed in the central and western parts of the Kara Sea. 相似文献
5.
A statistical analysis of the variations of the brightness coefficient in the ocean-atmosphere system in the visible band was carried out using the results of remote measurements from the INTERKOSMOS-21 satellite. The variability of the seawater optical parameters and the Rayleigh component of light scattering were eliminated by computing the variations of the signals from the local average values along the route of measurements. The derived spectral dependence of the aerosol scattering component is characterized by a slight increase when the wavelength increases.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
6.
水体石油类物质生物-光学遥感反演模型 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A biooptical modeling, which is based on a radiation transfer model, can be employed to simultaneously retrieve the concentration of various colour factors by multi-spectral remote sensing data, after connecting inherent optical properties （absorption coefficient and backward scattering coefficient） of colour factor with apparent optical properties （remote sensing reflectivity）. At present, this method has been used in a relatively wide range of applications in the inversion of a conventional water colour factor concentration in the case II water body： applications such as chlorophyll, suspended sediment, yellow substance. On the basis of extensive field testing data of water quality, correspondingly apparent optical properties, and the full use of the existing parametric model of colour factor inherent optical properties （with the parametrization of petroleum substance inherent optical properties established in the project） the remote recognition model for oil concentration is established by introducing oil as a new water co/our factor into a biooptical remote algorithm. The estimated value of the oil concentration was obtained by solving the biooptical model, using the data measured in May 2008 and August 2009 and June 2010 in seawater. The highly accurate inversion result promises to estimate the oil concentration in water for remote sensing. 相似文献
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V. I. Man’kovsky 《Physical Oceanography》2012,21(5):305-319
We compute model spectra of the beam attenuation coefficient in surface waters of the Mediterranean Sea. These spectra are
used to determine the contribution of the components of seawater (suspended matter, yellow substance, pigments of phytoplankton,
and pure water) to the beam attenuation coefficient in different types of seawater. For the surface waters, we establish the
relationship between the light scattering coefficient and the attenuation coefficient at a wavelength of 547 nm and determine
the background (limiting minimum) value of the coefficient of absorption by the yellow substance in waters of the Mediterranean
Sea. It is compared with the values of the same parameter for some other basins (Black Sea, Lake Baikal, Baltic Sea, and oceanic
waters). 相似文献
9.
Robert H. Stavn Hans J. Rick Alexander V. Falster 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,81(4):575-582
The standard technique of determining the concentrations of total suspended solids (TSSs), particulate inorganic matter (PIM), and particulate organic matter (POM) by filtration with glass fiber filters is subject to an error or bias from sea salt plus water of hydration retention, when applied to saline waters. The sea salt plus water of hydration retention by the filters occurs even after washing the filter with 300 ml of deionized water, a greater volume than any wash recommended in the literature. We determined that the mass retention on a glass fiber filter, at a given salinity, is essentially constant, no matter the volume of seawater passed through the filter. We also determined that the sea salt plus water of hydration retention on glass fiber filters is directly proportional to the salinity of the seawater filtered. Sea salt plus water of hydration retention causes an overestimate of TSS; sea salt retention causes an overestimate of PIM; volatilization of water of hydration causes an overestimate of POM. Thus a correction curve is required for sea salt and water of hydration errors in the determination of TSS and PIM. Corrected POM comes from the difference between the two. Also, filter blanks (procedural control filters), run with deionized (DI) water rather than the seawater sample, are required to correct for possible filter mass loss during the analysis. We demonstrate correction curves for sea salt plus water of hydration retention for Whatman GF/F filters, 47 mm diameter, utilizing the methods of the APHA Manual, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Application of other glass fiber filter types or an analytical technique differing significantly from that employed here requires a different correction curve for retention of sea salt and water of hydration. These methods can be used to reanalyze older data on PIM, POM, and TSS.We apply these corrections to PIM and POM data from the northern Gulf of Mexico and examine the interactions of these filter corrections with corrections for structural water volatilization from suspended clay minerals in the determinations of PIM and POM. We analyze published data on PIM and POM determinations and their application to remote sensing. We conclude that sea salt and water of hydration retention on filters has an adverse effect on remote-sensing algorithms inverting radiance reflectance to estimate concentrations of suspended matter. 相似文献
10.
南黄海海水中悬浮体垂向分布类型及跃层 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水中悬浮体的垂向分布并非上下均匀,而是具有明显的层化现象,这种情况与海水中的温度、盐度、密度等物理性质的层化现象一样,不是偶然的,而是常年存在的,同时,悬浮体含量的层化分布对于海水的某些物理性质有较大影响。
1958年中国科学海洋研究所在南黄海南部海水中悬浮体的调査中已发现了悬浮体含量分布的层化现象。1981年, Kanau Matsuike等(1983)在东海区悬浮体的调查中发现了长江口外浅滩区海水中光束衰减的层化现象。Gorsline和Swift (1977)在关于大陆架沉积动力学的论述中指出,海水密度的层化现象总是伴随着悬浮体浓度的层化现象。1983-1984年中美南黄海沉积动力学联合调查中,作者(秦蕴珊等,1986)也发现了该区内海水中悬浮体含量的层化分布现象,并且提出了“悬浮体跃层”的概念。同期,赵保仁等(1986)在研究秋末南黄海海水透光度及其与环流的关系时指出,水体中透光度存在着一个“跃变层”。实际上,影响海水透光度衰减的主要因素是悬浮体浓度,因而,上述透光度之“跃变层”乃是悬浮体跃层在光学方面的表现。上述报道结果说明,悬浮体垂向分布的层化现象及悬浮体跃层的存在已经引起了有关学者的注意。但是,其性质、季节变化及成因等问题却很少有人研究,它们对海水许多重要物理性质的影响也鲜为人知,因而这些问题的解决在理论和实践方面均具有重要意义。
在总结了历年调查资料基础上,作者于1988年4月又在南黄海进行了补充调査,共设55个站位(图1),对本区悬浮体分布中的层化现象、跃层问题及季节变化等进行了系统分析,并且对其成因及其物理意义进行了初步探讨。关于悬浮体的平面分布问题作者已有专文讨论,兹不赘述。 相似文献
11.
该文将海水中图象传输特性的研究与用此传输特性进行水下模糊图象恢复结合起来 ,得到一套测量水体传递函数及进行水下图象处理的方法。采用维纳 (Wiener)滤波和卡尔曼 (Kalman)滤波算法 ,对模糊图象进了恢复。结果表明 ,利用计算机采用一定的算法对散射性质已知的水体造成的图象模糊可以进行有效的复原 ,且良好效果。 相似文献
12.
V. I. Man’kovsky 《Physical Oceanography》2011,21(3):163-181
By using light scattering functions measured in Lake Baikal, we compute the characteristics of suspended matter, such as the
mass concentration and the number of particles of the mineral and biological fractions, their mean radius, and the parameter
of dispersion of mineral particles. The data on the vertical distributions of the characteristics of suspended matter are
obtained for various regions of the lake in the summer period. We compare the characteristics of suspended matter in the zones
of upwelling and downwelling of waters in Lake Baikal and in the Indian Ocean, which reveals its identical specific composition
in these waters. 相似文献
13.
本文根据1987年5月宁波—舟山深水港海域水体中有机物分布,初步讨论了有机物在水体中的行为。海水中溶解态的有机物与有机物总量存在如下关系:[DOM]/[TOM]=0.611[TOM]~(-0.899)。并且在通常状况下,调查海区水体中的有机物随悬浮颗粒物的增加而增高,其关系式为:[TOM]=0.65e~(0.0011〔SS〕)。认为该海区的悬浮物是制约有机物行为的主要因素之一。 相似文献
14.
胶州湾海水中悬浮体的分布及其季节变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海水中的悬浮体包含有机物和无机物,有机物主要为有机碎屑颗粒,例如植物碎屑、浮游生物等;无机物主要是无机碎屑矿物、粘土矿物,也有少量硅质生物骨骼。海水中无机颗粒物质能通过吸附作用,从海水中有效地富集有机溶解物质。海水中天然有机物的分布、变化与浮游生物的活动密切相关,在海洋食物链中占有重要地位,海水中的颗粒有机物是某些游泳动物和底栖动物的食物,因此,海水中有机物的存在不仅对海洋生物有一定的生态学意义,而且对海洋无机元素的存在形式和地球化学转移过程都有直接影响。
胶州湾是一个典型的半封闭海湾,平均水深7m,面积390km2,自然环境优良,水产资源丰富,因此胶州湾的生态环境、生物资源及生态系统持续发展的研究对胶州湾的综合开发利用具有十分重要的意义。胶州湾海水中悬浮体的分布与变化是胶州湾生态环境研究中的一个重要组成部分。本文根据胶州湾海水中悬浮体的定点观测资料,阐明了胶州湾海水中悬浮体平均含量的分布及其季节变化特征,分析了影响悬浮体含量变化的主要因素。 相似文献
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16.
基于EOF分析对南海西北海域水体光谱特性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study presents an analysis of the spectral characteristics of remote sensing reflectance(R_(rs)) in northwestern South China Sea based on the in situ optical and water quality data for August 2018.R_(rs)was initially divided into four classes,classes A to D,using the max-classification algorithm,and the spectral properties of whole R_(rs) were characterized using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis.Subsequently,the dominant factors in each EOF mode were determined.The results indicated that more than 95% of the variances of R_(rs) are partly driven by the back-scattering characteristics of the suspended matter.The initial two EOF modes were well correlated with the total suspended matter and back-scattering coefficient.Furthermore,the first EOF modes of the four classes of R_(rs)(A-D R_(rs)-EOF_1) significantly contributed to the total variances of each R_(rs) class.In addition,the correlation coefficients between the amplitude factors of class A-D R_(rs)-EOF_1 and the variances of the relevant water quality and optical parameters were better than those of the unclassified ones.The spectral shape of class AR_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of chlorophyll a and colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM).The spectral shape of class B R_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of CDOM since it exhibited a high correlation with the absorption coefficient of CDOM(a_g(λ)),whereas the spectral shape of class C R_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the back-scattering characteristics but not affected by the suspended matter.The spectral shape of class D R_(rs)-EOF_1 exhibited a relatively good correlation with all the water quality parameters,which played a significant role in deciding its spectral shape. 相似文献
17.
文章根据2013—2016年广西涠洲岛珊瑚礁海域水质实际调查情况,应用单因子污染指数评价法、富营养化指数法和有机污染指数法,对近年来涠洲岛珊瑚礁海域水质环境变化进行综合分析和评价。2013—2016年,广西涠洲岛珊瑚礁海域水质大部分符合国家第一类海水水质标准,满足珊瑚礁的正常生长要求,但悬浮物含量持续偏高,对珊瑚礁造成一定影响。涠洲岛海域水体虽未出现显著的污染,根据历史数据分析,人为排污已在一定程度上影响珊瑚礁的生长,持续的监测有助于及时发现水质环境质量的变化。 相似文献
18.
Simultaneous measurements of the diffuse attenuation coefficient, k, and the collinated beam attenuation coefficient, c, were made on a continuous basis at a near-shore site off the north coast of Anglesey, North Wales. A statistical approach to calculating the diffuse attenuation coefficient, k, in coastal waters allowed variations in transparency to be taken into consideration. The ratio of c:k varied throughout the year between approximately 11:1 and 5:1, indicating the changes in the scattering and absorption properties of the water column. The major contribution to coastal turbidity was from the scattering of light by suspended material with the relationship between scattering and absorption being dependent on the nature of the suspended matter. 相似文献
19.
Masaaki Fukuda 《Journal of Oceanography》1974,30(2):67-76
The suspended matter in seawater near the bottom is distributed by the effects of sinking and diffusion. The author developed a method of estimation of the vertical eddy diffusivity near the sea bottom and the particle size distribution of bottom sediment, in the case of equilibrium state. This estimation was made by the comparison of measured and computed vertical distribution of beam attenuation. The parameters which were used for the computation were (1) median of the particle size distribution of bottom sediment, assuming that the particle size was a log-normal distribution, and (2) the proportional constant of vertical eddy diffusivity which was proportional to the height from the bottom.As the suspended matter in seawater contains particles of different sizes, the computation of the diffusion and beam attenuation was made for each particle size, and summarizing the results, the vertical distribution of beam attenuation coefficient was computed.In order to estimate the beam attenuation in high particle concentration, an equation by which the effect of overlapping of particle shadow in the light beam was eliminated, was used. 相似文献
20.
Vertical fine distributions of suspended matter and some chemical compositions in seawater were measured in the layer near the seabed. Distributions of organic suspended matter were almost uniform throughout the layer, but others were anomalous. However, with respect to their peak heights and distribution patterns, the tendency of profiles was the same on the whole. We suggested that these anomalous distributions were primarily caused by the destruction of the large flocculent particle on the seabed and by upward diffusion of disintegrated particles. The similarity of profiles between chemical compositions of dissolved substances and suspended matter of non-dissolved substances, was explained by assuming that pore water in the large particle was simultaneously transported with disintegrated particles after the destruction. An equation for the vertical distribution of suspended matter near the seabed was derived, provided that the rate of destruction of large flocculent particle was in proportion to the current velocity on the seabed. The equation represented the existence of the anomalous distribution, which was continuously changing its pattern. Measurements of vertical profiles of suspended matter showed almost the same tendency with the theory. From the characteristics of the theoretical equation, it was expected that the eddy diffusivity near the seabed was 1050 cm2/sec. 相似文献