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1.
《地下水》2017,(6)
大气降水是自然界水循环过程中的一个重要环节。由于元素的各个同位素的质量不同,造成了降水中H2O与D2O之间、H2O与H218O之间的分馏效应。水循环过程中,由于同位素成分的热力分馏作用,全球降水中氢和氧稳定同位素存在一种线性关系,1961年Craig把这种关系定义为大气降水线。(Meteoric Water Line,简称为MWL):δD=8δ18O+10,又称为全球大气降水线(Global Meteoric Water Line,简称为GMWL)。本文通过对近年来全国各地大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素(2H、18O)之间的关系的资料进行整合作图,发现大气降水线斜率的大小存在地域差异并具有分区的特征,分析认为这种特征应该与当地降水的水汽来源有着密切联系,结合大气降水水汽来源,将中国大陆降水线斜率大体分为:东南沿海区、西南区、青藏高原区、西北内陆区、东北及华北内陆区几大区域,最终可以通过各地大气降水线的斜率分区来区分不同的水汽来源。 相似文献
2.
珠江流域大气降水稳定性氢氧同位素特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
大气降水稳定同位素的特征对于明确流域水循环过程、水汽来源和气候变化等方面都有重要指示作用。选取珠江流域的广州、桂林、柳州和香港4个站点的IAEA大气降水氢氧同位素数据,对其时空分布特点及影响因素进行了研究。结果显示:该地区降水中氧同位素的变化呈现出旱季高、雨季低的特点。全年尺度下,4个站点主要受温度效应影响,只在旱季有着较为微弱的降水量效应;得到的珠江流域大气降水线方程:δD=8.084δ~(18)O+10.998,R=0.965,对比全球及中国大气降水线方程,都较为接近,证明该地区降水主要遵循瑞利分馏过程;d盈余值的变化呈现出雨季低、旱季高的特征,表明珠江流域水汽主要源于海洋,在旱季受到北方空气南下及局地水循环的影响。 相似文献
3.
热液体系氢、氧同位素分馏机制及其地质意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
探讨了热液体系氢、氧同位素地球化学行为及其与水/岩交换同位素分馏的内在关系。有效W/R值是除温度条件外,另一控制蚀变岩石和热液水氢、氧同位素组成变化的因素。此外还根据数个矿区成矿热液水和蚀变岩石氢、氧同位素组成及变化特征对水/岩交换和W/R值的应用及地质意义展开讨论。最后提出热液体系中大气降水和岩浆热液水氢、氧同位素组成演化模式简图。 相似文献
4.
水体蒸发过程中稳定同位素分馏的模拟 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
通过对非平衡条件下水体蒸发中稳定同位素分馏机制的分析, 模拟了蒸发水体中稳定同位素比率的变化及与温度、大气湿度的关系. 在瑞利模式中, 剩余水中的稳定同位素随剩余水比例f的减小不断富集, 富集的速率与温度呈反比. 在动力蒸发条件下, 稳定同位素的分馏不仅与相变温度有关, 而且受大气湿度和液-气相之间物质交换的影响. 在动力蒸发过程中, 相对湿度越小, 剩余水中稳定同位素比率随 f的变化越快. 当相对湿度较大时, 在经历了一段时间蒸发后的剩余水中的δ将不随 f变化. 蒸发水体达到稳定状态的速率主要取决于大气的相对湿度. 当温度约20℃时, 在瑞利平衡条件下模拟的蒸发线与全球大气水线较接近. 在非平衡蒸发条件下, 蒸发线的梯度项和常数项与温度和相对湿度呈正比. 相似文献
5.
海洋天然气水合物氢氧同位素分馏初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然气水合物的形成会造成氢、氧同位素的分馏.在实验室合成研究中,利用天然海水 [(含 0.03%十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)]与甲烷气体反应,通过对水合物生成前后溶液中的 Cl-的质量浓度和氢、氧同位素组成的测定,研究了天然气水合物生成过程中氢、氧同位素的分馏情况.实验证明氢、氧的重同位素易于富集在水合物中,其在天然海水-甲烷体系中的分馏系数分别为 1.018～ 1.036和 1.003 4～ 1.006 3,这一分馏系数稍大于前人在纯水和 NaCl溶液中所测得的分馏系数. 相似文献
6.
大气降水热液矿床铅同位素组成研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大气降水热液矿床稳定同位素地球化学,尤其是氢、氧同位素地球化学研究,前人已做过很多工作,但对硫、碳同位素,特别是铅同位素则尚缺乏系统的研究。最早,Doe(1966)研究美国现代大气降水成因的Salton湖含矿热卤水的铅、锶同位素组成,发现与当地第三纪沉积物的同位素组成一致,而与第三纪流纹岩不一样,从而提出铅、锶等金属物质来源于第三纪沉积物的认识。以后,虽有有关大气降水热液矿床铅同位素研究资料的零星报道,但很不系统。本文试图以已知氢、氧同位素资料为基础,从论述大气降水热液成因的矿床着手,探讨其铅同位素组成变化及其地质应用问题。研究大气降水热液矿床的铅同位素,至少要回答下列问题: 相似文献
7.
热液体系水-岩作用过程中的氧氢同位素行为 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
陈振胜 《大地构造与成矿学》1997,21(1):51-61
论述水-岩作用过程氧氢同位素地球化学行为特征。列举西华山钨矿、台上金矿、白乃庙金矿和额仁陶勒盖银矿的水-岩体系氧（氢）同位素组成特征。论证了开放体系单阶段和二阶段水-岩反应中氧同位素行为接近于封闭体系氧同位素交换演变轨迹，具有成因指示意义，但不具定量意义。探讨了大气降水热液矿床矿体产出位置与氧同位素组成之间关系。本文还指出开放体系中氢同位素动力分馏行为控因复杂，主要由于1H相对富集于各种含氢气体中逃逸出热液体系，使热液体系氢同位素地球化学行为偏离理论演化轨迹，因此氢同位素组成的成因指示意义远不如氧同位素。 相似文献
8.
四川黄龙降水氢、氧同位素对气候变化的指示意义 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
与全球大气降水线相比,黄龙大气降水线的斜率和常数项均较小,这与水滴在未饱和大气中降落时重同位素的蒸发富集作用有关,且反映了近几十年以来黄龙的气候有向暖干变化的趋势。降水稳定同位素的显著降水量效应说明黄龙降水的水汽主要来源于低纬度海洋。过剩氘的季节变化及降水氢、氧同位素的降水量效应反映了黄龙地区旱季受大陆性气团的影响,空气干燥,降水量小,因此蒸发强,重同位素的富集作用强,从而降水中稳定同位素比率高;在雨季,受来自海洋水汽的影响,空气湿润,降水量大,因此蒸发弱,重同位素的富集作用轻,从而降水中稳定同位素比率低。据此推测,降水量效应可能是不同水汽来源对降水稳定同位素影响的结果。黄龙的降水温度效应不显著,季风气候抑制和掩盖了温度效应。 相似文献
9.
黄河流域大气降水氢、氧稳定同位素时空特征及其环境意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
大气降水δ18O值的变化是一个蒸发和凝结的物理过程,与纬度、海拔、距海岸的距离、季节和降水量等因素有关,具有规律变化的特征。根据黄河流域上中下游地区取得的降水同位素数据和降水气象资料,分析了该区域降水中δ18O的时空变化特征。研究了流域上中下游降水中稳定同位素与温度和降水量的关系,揭示了流域降水中稳定同位素的变化规律。结果表明,流域上游和中下游降水中稳定同位素具有不同的季节变化特征,上游地区表现为夏季富集、冬季贫化,中游和下游则与之相反;在空间变化上,流域降水稳定同位素自上而下整体趋于逐渐贫化,波动明显,存在显著的极值区;黄河流域上、中下游具有不同的同位素过程,上游地区受海拔效应和内陆循环影响显著,而中下游则主要受季风系统和局地因素的影响。局地大气水线以及d与大气水汽压关系的分析表明,流域降水在从云层底部降落到地面的过程中,具有明显的二次蒸发现象,并伴随着同位素的分馏。 相似文献
10.
鲁东温泉水和井水稳定同位素研究王兆荣，张汉昌（中国科学技术大学七系，合肥２３００２６）关键词鲁东、温泉水、井水、氧氢稳定同位素７０年代以来，许多学者对我国大陆许多地区大气降水的氢氧同位素进行了研究，初步总结出我国降水的δＤ－δ１８Ｏ雨水线公式，并分析... 相似文献
11.
从同位素分馏的气-液相界面特征的视角出发,分析自然条件下水面蒸发和降水冷凝的同位素分馏过程存在的差异,分析表明降水氘剩余值产生的直接原因为水面蒸发过程与降水冷凝过程分别遵循动力学分馏与平衡分馏原理,而界面效应是决定蒸发-冷凝过程会否受到动力学过程影响的内因。水面蒸发过程的比界面面积较小,界面效应较大,水分子扩散作用显著,因此,自然条件下水面蒸发过程需要考虑水分子扩散的动力学过程,属于非平衡分馏;相反,降水冷凝过程的比界面面积巨大,界面效应影响很小,分馏基本不受分子扩散分馏影响,降水冷凝过程符合平衡分馏原理。用以上结论作为假设条件,模拟10~40℃从海水蒸发到降水冷凝的水循环过程,模拟结果与全球降水线相吻合,佐证了造成降水氘剩余产生的内在原因为水面蒸发过程与降水冷凝过程的界面效应不同的结论。 相似文献
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13.
作为古气候代用指标,石笋氧同位素为亚洲季风演化研究提供了一系列可靠的证据。然而,关于石笋氧同位素指示的气候意义一直存在争论。本文选取了位于神农架地区海拔1250～2250m的黑龙洞、青天洞和三宝洞3个洞穴进行对比分析,发现不同海拔洞穴石笋δ18O在波动形式上相同,但绝对值存在约-0.1‰/100m的系统差,而大气降水的在该地的海拔效应约为-0.2‰/100m。为此,我们认为,石笋δ18O除了受季风降雨的影响外,不同海拔的温度梯度也对石笋δ18O具有较大的贡献。结合洞穴年均温度,初步估算石笋δ18O的温度效应约为-0.25‰/℃,与O’Neil的同位素平衡分馏计算结果相同。 相似文献
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15.
Kanchan Pande J. T. Padia R. Ramesh K. K. Sharma 《Journal of Earth System Science》2000,109(1):109-115
Stable hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios of the headwaters of the Indus and its tributaries, surface ice in glaciers, saline and fresh water lakes
and thermal springs in the Himalayan and Trans-Himalayan (Kashmir) region are reported. The δ5D-δ18 relationship for the river samples shows a slope of 9.12 +-0.29 which agrees well with the estimate of 8.99 ±0.33 based on
a simple Rayleigh fractionation model. The unique signature of a higher deuterium excess (d) of the ‘Western Disturbance’ is preserved in these samples. An altitude effect of -0.9 per mil/km is observed in the δ18O of Indus waters. At a lower altitude (Beas) the altitude effect is almost double, indicating that the altitude effect decreases
with elevation in this region. 相似文献
16.
中国西南季风区不同水体稳定同位素特征分析——以重庆市北碚区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对重庆市北碚区大气降水和马鞍溪上游龙滩子水库水的氢氧同位素进行的一个水文年（2014年）的样品采集监测,研究了降水与水库的水的氢氧同位素之间的变化特征和规律。结果表明:(1)北碚区大气降水线方程为δD=8.82δ18O+18.97,r=0.99,n=101,P<0.01,δD、δ18O相关性极为显著,该区大气降水线斜率和截距大于全球大气降水线和中国大气降水线,表明研究区主要受西南季风和东南季风双重影响所致;(2)大气降水中δD、δ18O具有明显的季节变化,夏半年偏负,冬半年偏正;(3)大气降水中的δD、δ18O与降水量及温度呈现负相关关系,降水量效应显著,并且该效应远远掩盖了温度效应;(4)水库中水的δD、δ18O具有极好的相关性,其δD、δ18O样点落于全球大气降水线和区域大气降水线附近,并且水库中水d的变化趋势与降水d基本一致,表明前者主要补给来源是降水,而水库中水的δD、δ18O和d的变化幅度远远小于降水,表明前者不仅受降水补给,还受土壤水和地下水的补给。 相似文献
17.
The isotopic composition and parameters for deuterium excess of brines, which were sampled in the Si-chuan Basin, show obvious regularities of distribution. The brine isotopic composition shows distinct two systems of marine and terrestrial deposits, with the Middle Triassic strata as the boundary. Brine hydrogen isotopic composition of marine deposits is lower while oxygen isotopic composition is higher than that of the SMOW, respectively, indicating that the brines were derived from seawater with different evaporating degrees at different times. From the Sinian strata, up to the Cambrian, Permian Maokou Formation and the Triassic Jialingjiang Formation, the δD values of brines tend to become relatively positive with the strata becoming younger. Brines of terrestrial deposits are considered to have been derived from precipitation and their isotopic composition is close to the globe meteoric water line (GMWL). Brines of transitional deposits between marine and terrestrial ones (the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation) have δD and δ18O values falling between the two end members of marine deposit brines and precipitation, indicating that the brines are a mixture of precipitation and vaporing seawater. Water samples from the brine-bearing strata of different ages show various deuterium excesses (d) with an evident decreasing trend as the age of strata gets older and older. Brine-bearing strata of the Triassic Leikoupo-Jialingjiang Formation, the Permian Maokou Formation, the Cambrian and Sinian strata are all carbonate rocks which have experienced intensive water/rock reaction and the deuterium excess essentially changes with time. All brine-bearing-strata surrounding the basin or faults, as well as those brine wells exploited for resources, have been obviously influenced by the precipitation supply. Therefore, the deuterium excesses of their brines have increased to different extents, depending on the amount of involvement of meteoric water. The variation and distribution of d values of the brines from different Triassic strata are related to the embedded depth of the strata. The deuterium excesses of brines become lower with increasing burial depth of the strata. 相似文献
18.
Deuterium and oxygen 18 in precipitation and atmospheric moisture in the upper Urumqi River Basin, eastern Tianshan Mountains 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Fang Feng Zhongqin Li Mingjun Zhang Shuang Jin Zhiwen Dong 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(4):1199-1209
The contribution of stable isotopes in meteorological, climatological and hydrological research is well known. This study analyzed the deuterium and oxygen 18 contents (δD and δ18O) of precipitation in event-based samples at three stations (Glacier No. 1, Zongkong, Houxia) along the upper Urumqi River Basin from May 2006 to August 2007. The δ18O in precipitation revealed a wide range and a distinct seasonal variation at all three stations, with enriched values occurring in summer and depleted values in winter. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the δ18O and δD and local surface air temperature, and better linear relationship existed between δ18O and air temperature than that of δD. This suggests that paleoclimatic archives relating to precipitation δ18O and δD can be useful for qualitative temperature reconstruction. The d-excess in precipitation also exhibited a seasonal variability. Based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, three-dimensional isentropic back-trajectories in HYSPLIT model were employed to determine the moisture source for each precipitation event. Results indicate a dominant effect of westerly air masses in summer and the integrated influence of westerly and polar air masses in winter, and d-excess can be used as a sensitive tracer of the moisture transport history. 相似文献
19.
Ahmed Murad 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(2):152-156
The stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen have been implemented to assess the recharge mechanisms in an area in the UAE bounded to the northwestern part of the Gulf of Oman and the southeastern part of the Arabian Gulf. The conversion of stable isotopes to deuterium excess was utilized as a supportive tool to understand the process of groundwater recharge. The concluding results of this study showed that the origin of moisture is the Mediterranean Sea. The precipitation is the main source of recharge, in which the precipitation having undergone evaporation before recharge occurs. The comparison between regression line for data collected in 1996 and regression line for samples collected in 2006 suggests that the precipitation water which recharged the groundwater, was diluted with groundwater and this dilution is observed from decreasing of the deuterium excess of collected groundwater samples with increasing isotopes of oxygen. The dilution of groundwater with the recharge water suggests modern-day recharge as it is seen from high deuterium excess that exceeded the deuterium excess of LMWL and was close to MMWL. 相似文献
20.
The abundances of 18O and deuterium in the present and past hydrologic cycle have proven to be an important tool in Earth systems science. In contrast, the abundance of 17O in precipitation has thus far been assumed to carry no additional information to that of 18O. Here, we demonstrate, using known constraints on oxygen isotope abundances from the O2 cycle and existing data about the natural abundance of 17O in water, that the relationship between the discrimination against 17O and 18O in water may vary. This relationship, presented here as θ = ln (17α)/ln (18α), is found to be 0.511 ± 0.005 for kinetic transport effects and 0.526 ± 0.001 for equilibrium effects, with very low temperature sensitivity. As a result, the 17Δ of precipitation is controlled primarily by kinetic effects during evaporation of the initial vapor and, in contrast to the deuterium excess, is independent of the temperature at the evaporation (and condensation) site. This makes 17Δ a unique tracer that complements 18O and deuterium, and may allow for a decoupling of changes in the temperature of the ocean, that serves as the vapor source, from changes in the relative humidity above it. In addition, the 17Δ of ice caps is influenced by the kinetic effects in ice formation, and therefore measurement of ice 17Δ can be used as an additional constraint for better understanding and parameterization of these effects. 相似文献