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卫星定位导航系统在地震应急救援中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在对地震灾害特点综合分析的基础上,分析了地震应急响应与救援决策中的关键性问题。认为震害的规模、程度、空间分布和灾情发展趋势,以及快速获取灾情信息已成为整个地震应急响应和救援决策的关键;而对灾情空间分布及其不同灾情程度位置的确定是救援决策的先导与重要环节。卫星定位导航技术在地震应急搜救的信息快速获取、应急响应、救援决策、指挥、搜索与营救等救援行动的整个过程中,都将发挥其强大的功能。建议研发中国北斗灾害应急救援导航与指挥决策系统,包括地震灾情快速获取、快速判定和决策定位导航技术系统、地震救援指挥调度技术系统和应急救援物流定位导航技术系统建设;研发北斗灾害应急救援导航装备,包括自主定位导航幸存者搜索和营救设备研发和国内外巨灾救援专用定位与导航系统研发。 相似文献
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破坏性地震发生后,埋压人员的快速搜索是地震救援工作成功的重要因素。微波成像生命探测仪作为当前废墟搜索的装备之一,近年来得到了广泛应用。但救援队利用现有综合训练场地进行该类装备的测试方法,在装备针对性测试和深度功能认知方面存在着一定局限性,影响了微波成像生命探测仪的现场使用效率和技术发展。为此,本文在充分调研国内外主流地震模拟废墟训练场地的基础上,提出了相关的改进意见,结合汶川地震废墟三维采集数据和队伍实战经验,给出微波搜索装备综合测试方法,并在国家地震紧急救援训练基地完成了测试平台的搭建,取得较好的装备测试效果,为应急救援装备电子化和标准化测试提供参考。 相似文献
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《华南地震》2018,(3)
大震巨灾发生后,如何在72 h黄金救援期挽救人民群众的生命是救援工作的重中之重,但往往由于通信基站破坏或通信阻塞,使得被埋压人员无法与外界取得联系,只能通过呼救或敲击等原始方式求救,效果不佳且耗费体力。外界搜索一般通过人工搜索、搜救犬、生命探测仪等方式,存在探测区域小、易受干扰、价格昂贵等不足。针对这一问题,提出了基于Wi-Fi的新型地震埋压人员快速求救和搜救系统,具有覆盖范围广、传输速度快、成本低、易操作等优点,可有效提高搜救效率。与其他Wi-Fi定位方法不同,基于信号强度的RSSI测距定位算法不需事先收集Wi-Fi接入点的位置信息,更加符合震后搜救的实际情况。借助目前普遍使用的移动智能终端,受困人员通过客户端程序发送求救信号,救援人员利用基于Wi-Fi信号强度的RSSI测距模型,通过三点定位和优化处理,快速确定埋压人员的具体位置,从而有针对性地分配救援力量,及时高效地展开救援。经过在国家陆地搜寻与救护基地不同废墟环境场景下的实地测试,系统运作效果良好,能满足地震求救、搜救人员的救援需要。 相似文献
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美国国家城市搜寻及救助快速反应系统是美国联邦应急管理局于1989年组建成立的,它的主要任务是定位、营救那些受困于有限空间的幸存者,并完成初期的医疗救助工作。该系统适用于地震、飓风、洪水、暴风雪、意外事故、恐怖袭击、危险物质泄漏等多种灾害的紧急救援。 相似文献
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基于受灾者关键期自救的应急救援物资结构研究——以地震灾害为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
物资是救援的基本条件,从受灾者关键期自救角度研究应急救援物资结构对受灾者充分利用灾后救助黄金期展开自救工作,降低人员伤亡具有重要意义。应急救援物资基本类型相对固定,基于国家应急物资分类标准通过调查研究得出了各类物资的紧要程度排序并得到了地震灾害应急救援物资分类结构。应急物资数量结构具有变动性,区分自救者的双重身份,采用范例推理和BP神经网络方法分别从救援者和受灾者角度对应急救援物资数量结构进行分析研究,理论上可以获得更为准确的应急物资数量结构预测结果。 相似文献
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This paper proposes the use of a novel type of passive vibration control system to reduce vibrations in civil engineering structures subject to base excitation. The new system is based on the inerter, a device that was initially developed for high‐performance suspensions in Formula 1 racing cars. The principal advantage of the inerter is that a high level of vibration isolation can be achieved with low amounts of added mass. This feature makes it an attractive potential alternative to traditional tuned mass dampers (TMDs). In this paper, the inerter system is modelled inside a multi‐storey building and is located on braces between adjacent storeys. Numerical results show that an excellent level of vibration reduction is achieved, potentially offering improvement over TMDs. The inerter‐based system is compared to a TMD system by using a range of base excitation inputs, including an earthquake signal, to demonstrate how the performance could potentially be improved by using an inerter instead of a TMD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Christian Jaedicke 《Surveys in Geophysics》2003,24(5-6):431-445
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems can be used in many applications of snow and ice research. The information from the GPR is used to identify and interpret layers, objects and different structures in the snow. A commercially available GPR system was further developed to work in the rough environment of snow and ice. The applied GPR is a 900 MHz system that easily reaches snow depths of up to 10 meters. The system was calibrated in the course of several manual snow depth measurements during each survey. The depth resolution depends on the snow type and is around ±0.1 m. The GPR system is carried alongside a line of interest and is triggered by an odometer wheel at regular adjustable steps. All equipment is mounted in a sledge and is pulled by a snowmobile over the snow surface. This setup allows for an efficient coverage of several kilometers of terrain profiles. The radar profiles give a real time two-dimensional impression of structures and objects and the interface between snow and the underlying ground. The actual radar profile is shown on a screen on the sledge allowing the immediate marking of objects and structures. During the past three years the instrument was successfully used for the study of snow distributions, for the detection of glacier crevasses under the snow cover, and for the search of avalanche victims in avalanche debris. The results show the capability of the instrument to detect persons and objects in the snow cover. In the future, this device may be a new tool for avalanche rescue operations. Today, the size and weight of the system prevents the accessing of very steep slopes and areas not accessible to snowmobiles. Further developments will decrease the size of the system and make it a valuable tool to quantify snow masses in avalanche release zones and run-out areas. 相似文献
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H. Ghaffarzadeh M.R. Maheri 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2006,5(1):151-158
1 Introduction Braced steel frames are commonly used to resist seismic loads. Their seismic behavior was extensively studied during the past decades (Bertero et al.., 1989; Roeder, 1989; Jain, 1978). Their design is governed by the buckling behavior of the bracing members (ASCE, 1994,2002; CSA, 1994). To prevent or delay the seismic buckling of compressive members in concentrically braced frames in steel structures, a great number of methods have been proposed. These include the use of sp… 相似文献
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ＳＺＧＣ－９３型数字工程地震仪是专为工程地震勘探而研制的。经过两年多的实际生产使用表明：该仪器精度高、性能稳定、操作方便。是一种实用性较好的野外专用设备。本文介绍了它的组成：论述了其各个单元电路的工作原理及主要技术指标;最后说明了该设备两年多来的实际应用成果。 相似文献
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M. K. SEGUIN 《Geophysical Prospecting》1975,23(3):471-491
The present paper shows the practical use of a combined electromagnetic and magnetic helicopter transported system in the search for steeply dipping high-grade magnetic taconite bodies (magnetic ribbons). The principles of operation of the heliported system and the essential parts of the instrumentation are described. The quantitative interpretation of the data allows the geophysicist to calculate the tonnage of magnetite within the iron ores and to obtain an approximate idea of their grade. According to the tonnage and grade calculations obtained from the surveys, three regions in the west-central sector of the Labrador trough (Wishart Creek, Knob Lake Ridge, and Swampy Bay areas) appear to be the most interesting locations for the site of a magnetic taconite deposit (the Howells River area, which has been evaluated previously, is excluded from the discussion). The tonnages calculated by this geophysical method are not to be compared with probable or possible mineable ore reserves, but are only rough estimates in terms of mining engineering standard. The physical parameters determined with such a system are also used as a tool for indirect geological mapping of the areas flown when interpreted carefully. Practical examples related to results obtained on the magnetic iron formations of the Schefferville mining district are presented. 相似文献
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基于粒子群优化算法的边坡临界滑动面搜索方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用数值计算结果进行极限平衡分析是边坡稳定性分析的重要方法,最危险滑移面位置的确定是边坡稳定性分析的关键。采用粒子群优化理论控制位于滑移面后缘范围的滑入点和前缘剪出区域的滑出点,以均分逼近法控制滑面半径,实现了边坡内潜在滑移面位置的搜索及安全系数的计算,进而确定了边坡的最小安全系数及最危险潜在滑移面位置,搜索出的滑面不依赖于网格节点。以昆明某公路滑坡为例,将搜索出的最危险滑面与现场勘察成果进行对比,结果表明,采用本文方法计算所得的结果与工程实际较为吻合,证明了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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Systematic development of a new hysteretic damper based on torsional yielding: part I—design and development 
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下载免费PDF全文 Analytical and experimental studies into the behavior of a new hysteretic damper, designed for seismic protection of structures is presented in two papers. Although the subject matter of the papers is a specific system, they are also intended as an illustration of practical application of diverse engineering tools in systematic development of an anti‐seismic product. The Multi‐directional Torsional Hysteretic Damper (MTHD) is a recently patented invention in which a symmetrical arrangement of identical cylindrical steel energy dissipaters is configured to yield in torsion while the structure experiences planar movements due to earthquake shakings. The device has gone through many stages of design refinement, prototype verification tests and development of design guidelines and computer codes to facilitate its implementation in practice. The first of this two‐part paper summarizes the development stages of the new system, conceptual and analytical. The experimental phase of the research is the focus of the accompanying paper. The new device has certain desirable properties. Notably, it is characterized by a variable and controllable‐via‐design or adaptive post‐elastic stiffness. This feature gives the isolated structure the capability to evade the dominant period of the ground motion leading to reduced displacements while having force levels comparable to regular bilinear isolation systems. The device has already been applied to four major bridges. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献