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Tianwu Ma Yonggang Chen You Hua Zhende Chen Xiaoyin Chen Chengzhi Lin Chunju Yang 《Earth Science Informatics》2017,10(1):29-39
The DEM generalization is the foundation of expressing and analyzing the terrain and the basis of multi-scale observation. Meanwhile, it is also the core of building the multi-scale geographic database. This paper would like to propose a new algorithm using profile simplification in four directions(4-DP). This algorithm is composed of two parts, namely extraction of terrain feature points in local window as well as in global profile line and reconstruction of DEMs. The paper used the 5 m resolution DEM of the Suide in Loess Plateau of China as the original data. In the experiment, this paper has achieved the generalized DEM with 5 m and 25 m resolution by removed small details and computed out the optimal threshold. In contrast to the classic algorithms, VIP and Aggregate, based on three evaluation methods. The results show that this method is able to retain the main geographical information effectively in terrain surface. 相似文献
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Naeimifar Ibrahim Yasrobi Shahaboddin Golshani Ali Akbar Joneidi Mehdi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(6):4265-4285
Excavation-induced ground movements and the resulting damages to adjacent structures and facilities is a source of concern for excavation projects in urban areas. The concern will be even higher if the adjacent structure is old or has low strength parameters like masonry building. Frame distortion and crack generation are predictors of building damage resulted from excavation-induced ground movements, which pose challenges to projects involving excavations. This study is aimed to investigate the relation between excavation-induced ground movements and damage probability of buildings in excavation affected distance. The main focus of this paper is on masonry buildings and excavations stabilized using soil nail wall method. To achieve this purpose, 21 masonry buildings adjacent to 12 excavation projects were studied. Parametric studies were performed by developing 3D FE models of brick walls and excavations stabilized using soil nail wall. Finally, probability evaluations were conducted to analyze the outputs obtained from case studies. Based on the obtained results, simple charts were established to estimate the damage of masonry structures in excavation affected distance with two key parameters including “Displacement Ratio” and “Normalized Distance”. The results also highlight the effects of building distance from excavation wall on its damage probability.
相似文献4.
采用解析法研究穿越地表建筑物浅埋隧道开挖引起的地表沉降。由无建筑物时岩土体开挖引起的地表沉降公式及半无限平面在均布荷载下的相对沉陷,推导出了穿越地表建筑物浅埋隧道施工引起的地表沉降公式,并通过实例验证了此方法的可行性。采用上述方法研究了地表建筑物的重量及其与浅埋隧道位置关系对地表沉降的影响,研究结果表明：浅埋隧道开挖引起的地表沉降随建筑物重量的增大而增大;建筑物中心到隧道轴线的水平距离是对地表沉降的一个重要影响因素,超过一定范围时建筑物的存在对地表沉降的影响可以忽略不计。研究结果可为类似隧道工程提供一定参考。 相似文献
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Vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete buildings subjected to seismically triggered slow-moving earth slides 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
The objective of this paper is to develop an efficient analytical method for assessing the vulnerability of low-rise reinforced concrete buildings subjected to seismically induced slow-moving earth slides. Vulnerability is defined in terms of probabilistic fragility curves, which describe the probability of exceeding a certain limit state of the building, on a given slope, versus the Peak Horizontal Ground Acceleration (PHGA) at the assumed “seismic bedrock”, allowing for the quantification of various sources of uncertainty. The proposed method is based on a two-step, uncoupled approach. In the first step, the differential permanent landslide displacements at the building’s foundation level are estimated using a dynamic non-linear finite difference slope model. In the second step, the calculated differential permanent displacements are statically imposed at the foundation level to assess the building’s response to differing permanent seismic ground displacements using a finite element code. Structural limit states are defined in terms of threshold values of strains for the reinforced concrete structural components. The method is applied to typical low-rise reinforced concrete frame buildings on shallow foundations with varying strength and stiffness characteristics (isolated footings and continuous slab foundation), standing near the crest of a relatively slow-moving earth slide. Two different slope models are selected representing a cohesive and a purely frictional soil material. The paper describes the method and the derived fragility curves for the selected building and slope typologies that could be used in quantitative risk assessment studies at site-specific and local scales. 相似文献
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基于三维激光扫描的空间地物建模 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用地面三维激光扫描仪获取的空间数据,进行了三维空间地物建模研究。以建筑物建模为例,首先从原始数据中分离提取建筑物,然后对得到的建筑物数据进行去噪处理,再通过整体匹配纠正并对原始测量数据进行重新采样和拼接配准,建立了由三角网构成的三维表面模型。结果表明,所构建的三维表面模型较好地表达了建筑物的几何特征,户外实验也验证了上述过程可以实现对建筑物快速三维建模。 相似文献
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Several international studies attempt to construct tangible GIS systems, forming real 3D surfaces using a large number of mechanical parts along a matrix formation. Most of these attempts suffer in cost, accuracy, resolution and/or speed. In order to facilitate data handling in GIS tangible systems, the generalization process becomes crucial, accommodating compression, visualization and comprehension of spatial data under various scales. Under this perspective, the main objective of the proposed adaptive generalization approach is to provide optimized representation of 3D digital terrain models with minimum loss of information, serving specific applications. That is, to minimize the number of pixels in a raster dataset used to define a DTM, while reserving surface information and enhancing the important semantic features. To this aim, this paper presents specific computationally efficient surface generalization approaches, which can be incorporated in applications of tangible GIS systems, due to their low processing time, facilitating real-time results. The research methods developed and tested include adaptive variations of a) the Douglas-Peucker line simplification algorithm in 3D data and b) the spatial Laplace filter that estimates the significance of each node, based on its nearest neighbors. The proposed strategy also dynamically incorporates topology and semantic restraints, in order to preserve important information and depict it with variable detail level, according to the application at hand. The algorithms are evaluated on their accuracy for a specific wildfire application and for different reduction levels in two different types of terrain data. They are also compared to their original-basic implementations in terms of performance. 相似文献
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抗滑桩加固斜坡软弱地基路堤的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在路堤荷载作用下,斜坡软弱地基易产生侧向变形过大、滑塌失稳等病害。路堤下坡脚处采用钢筋混凝土抗滑桩,以有效限制地基侧向变形,是斜坡软弱地基路堤的核心设计原则。采用三维快速拉格朗日有限差分法,经与室内土工离心模型试验成果对比、校核,建立抗滑桩加固斜坡软弱地基路堤的精细化数值分析模型,研究抗滑桩桩距、桩长、桩身弹性模量、桩身横截面尺寸及桩位等设计参数对其内力、变位的影响。研究表明：下坡脚处实施抗滑桩可显著约束斜坡软弱地基侧向变形;需综合考虑桩身受力、经济性、施工等因素确定合理的桩距;桩长应深入滑移面以下,但随着桩长的增长,加固效果增长不明显;随着桩身弹性模量、桩身横截面尺寸的增加,抗滑桩的加固效果得到一定提高;抗滑桩宜设置在下坡侧路堤边坡的中部。 相似文献
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Impact of local site conditions on portfolio earthquake loss estimation for different building types
Elnaz Peyghaleh Vahidreza Mahmoudabadi James R. Martin Alireza Shahjouei Qiushi Chen Mohammad Javanbarg Sara Khoshnevisan 《Natural Hazards》2018,94(1):121-150
This article presents a sensitivity analysis investigating the impact of using high-resolution site conditions databases in portfolio earthquake loss estimation. This article also estimates the effects of variability in the site condition databases on probabilistic earthquake loss ratios and their geographical pattern with respect to structural characteristics of different building types. To perform the earthquake loss estimation here, the OpenQuake software developed by Global Earthquake Model is implemented in Clemson University’s supercomputer. The probabilistic event-based risk analysis is employed considering several notional portfolios of different building types in the San Francisco area as the inventory exposure. This analysis produces the stochastic event sets worth for 10,000 years including almost 8000 synthetically simulated earthquakes. Then, the ground motion prediction equations are used to calculate the ground motion per event and incorporate the effect of five site conditions, on amplifying or de-amplifying the ground motions on notional building exposure locations. Notional buildings are used to account for various building characteristics in conformance with the building taxonomy represented in HAZUS software. The HAZUS damage functions are applied to model the vulnerability of various structural types of buildings. Finally, the 50-year average mean loss and probabilistic loss for multiple values for probability of exceedance (2, 10, 20, and 40%) in 50 years are calculated, and the impact of different site condition databases on portfolio loss ratios is investigated for different structural types and heights of buildings. The results show the aggregated and geographical variation of loss and loss ratio throughout the region for various site conditions. Comparing the aggregated loss and loss ratio, while considering different databases, represents normalized differences that are limited to 6% for all building taxonomy with various heights and for all PoEs. However, site-specific loss ratio errors are significantly greater and in some cases are more than 20%. 相似文献
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The Town Effect: Dynamic Interaction between a Group of Structures and Waves in the Ground 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Koji Uenishi 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2010,43(6):811-819
In a conventional approach, the mechanical behaviour of a structure subjected to seismic or blast waves is treated separately from its surroundings, and in many cases, the dynamic coupling effect between multiple structures and the waves propagating in the ground is disregarded. However, if many structures are built densely in a developed urban area, this dynamic interaction may not become negligible. The first purpose of this contribution is to briefly show the effect of multiple interactions between waves and surface buildings in a town. The analysis is based on a recently developed, fully coupled, rigorous mathematical study, and for simplicity, each building in the town is represented by a rigid foundation, a mass at the top and an elastic spring that connects the foundation and mass. The buildings stand at regular spatial intervals on a linear elastic half-space and are subjected to two-dimensional anti-plane vibrations. It is found that the buildings in this model significantly interact with each other through the elastic ground, and the resonant (eigen) frequencies of the collective system (buildings or town) become lower than that of a single building with the same rigid foundation. This phenomenon may be called the “town effect” or “city effect.” Then, second, it is shown that the actual, unique structural damage pattern caused by the 1976 Friuli, Italy, earthquake may better be explained by this “town effect,” rather than by investigating the seismic performance of each damaged building individually. The results suggest that it may also be possible to evaluate the physical characteristics of incident seismic/blast waves “inversely” from the damage patterns induced to structures by the waves. 相似文献
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潘涛 《水文地质工程地质》2022,49(1):101-108
研究盾构隧道施工对周围地面以及建筑物沉降造成的影响,是软土地区盾构隧道安全施工和正常运营的基础课题。为了分析宁波轨道交通5号线同德路站—石碶站区间双线盾构隧道施工对周边地表和建筑物的影响,本文在建立盾构隧道动态施工过程三维有限元模型的基础上,基于地表以及建筑物沉降数值模拟结果与现场监测值的对比,分析了隧道开挖对隧道周围地表沉降与建筑物沉降的影响。结果表明,掘进完成时,开挖方向沉降槽往上行线隧道方向偏移、呈现倒梯形形态,横断面影响区域为距离双线隧道轴线中心小于3倍隧道直径;上行线在下行线开挖后并不会增加地表沉降,但增大了沉降槽宽度;下行线到达前产生的沉降占最终累计沉降的67%;当盾构掘进面刚到达建筑物时、建筑物的倾斜方向与盾构掘进方向一致,当盾构掘进面离开建筑物时、建筑物将沿着盾构掘进的反方向倾斜;建筑物两侧沉降值较中部沉降值降低了83%;双线贯通后建筑物沉降呈“U”形分布,最大沉降量发生在远离隧道一侧距建筑物中心0.5 m处。 相似文献
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城市地下空间的开发正起到愈来愈重要的作用,并逐渐形成了一种空间、地面和地下三维一体化的城市新型建筑体系。在这种体系中,地下和地面建筑之间的地基处理是一个十分棘手的问题。结合工程实例,介绍一种复合土拱新技术能够有效地处理这类问题,该技术在今后城建领域中有一定推广价值。 相似文献
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基于三维数值模拟的深基坑隔断墙优化设计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作为一种保护邻近建筑物的措施,隔断墙已经开始在深基坑工程中应用,但目前对其有关参数的设计还缺乏理论指导。以某软土地区深大基坑实例为背景,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,建立三维有限元分析模型,土体采用修正剑桥模型,模拟开挖实际工况,深入分析了隔断墙各设计参数对保护基坑邻近建筑物效果的影响,邻近建筑物沉降计算值和实测值验证了隔断墙参数优化分析结果的合理性。研究结果表明：地表位移、建筑物的横向角变量和围护墙最大位移随着隔断墙深度的增加而逐渐减小,但建筑物横向角变量的减小幅度趋缓,隔断墙存在一合理深度;随着隔断墙的位置逐渐从基坑侧壁向邻近建筑物移动,隔断墙外侧地表横向和纵向沉降以及纵向不均匀沉降均减小,建筑物的横向角变量也明显减小。理论上,隔断墙越靠近邻近建筑物,保护建筑物的效果越好;隔断墙的平面设置范围对于邻近建筑的保护效果也有着明显的影响,一般情况下可以取邻近建筑物的范围作为隔墙的合理设置范围;隔断墙刚度对地表位移和建筑物角变量影响不大,实际工程中宜取中等刚度的隔断墙。 相似文献
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邻近建筑物的暗挖隧道施工数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
软土中采用暗挖法开挖隧道往往会引起土体变形,由于城市中暗挖隧道多建在建筑物高度集中的地区,土体变形对邻近既有建筑物的损伤不容忽视。采用二维有限元方法对邻近中、低层建筑物(采用整体基础)工况下的暗挖隧道施工进行了模拟和分析,建筑物长15 m。研究结果表明：建筑物的存在会增大隧道开挖引起的地面沉降和衬砌的受力与变形,同时隧道开挖也会使邻近建筑物产生附加应力和变形。当隧道轴线与建筑物轴线的水平距离 0 m时,建筑物相对安全;当 时,建筑物会产生朝向隧道一侧的倾斜。当 为2.5～20 m时,产生较大的地面沉降,建筑物的首尾沉降差较大,建筑物较危险;当 为30～40 m时,建筑物的存在对隧道施工的影响较小;当 40 m时,建筑物的存在对隧道施工的影响可以忽略不计。由于基础的存在,建筑物的最大弯矩、轴力和剪力的变化量较小,增大量在10 %以内。 相似文献
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The use of concrete geostructures for energy extraction and storage in the ground is an environmentally friendly and easy way of cooling and heating buildings. With such energy geostructures, it is possible to transfer energy from the ground to buildings by means of fluid-filled pipes cast in concrete. By injecting thermal energy in summer and extracting it in winter, the ground in the area of a building’s piles can be used for seasonal energy storage, as long as the underground water flow in the storage remains low. This paper is a contribution to the improvement of the knowledge in the field of energy geostructures. The behaviour of a multi-pile seasonal storage system subjected to thermo-mechanical loading is examined numerically from both thermal and mechanical perspectives. The purpose of this paper is (i) to propose a thermo-hydro-mechanical 2D solution to the 3D problem, (ii) to explore the thermal behaviour of this type of storage and (iii) to evaluate its structural consequences. Coupled multi-physical finite element modelling is conducted. The efficiency of the storage is not dramatically affected by an increase in the annual mean temperature of the storage. It is shown that induced mechanical loads are less important when considering a wholly heated pile structure than when considering a single heated pile in a foundation. The evolution of stresses in the piles and in the soil during heating–cooling cycles also reveals possible critical phenomena. 相似文献
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地铁隧道穿越角度对地表建筑物的影响分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
结合深圳地铁隧道下穿某住宅小区建筑群的工程实践,以某框架结构建筑为研究对象,按照隧道-土体-结构共同作用,利用Midas/GTS软件建立三维非线性有限元模型,计算了隧道轴线与地面建筑物成90º、60º、45º和30º夹角4种不同工况,分析隧道轴线与建筑物不同夹角条件下隧道开挖对地表建筑物基础沉降和结构受力变形分布形态的影响。计算结果表明,隧道以不同角度穿越时,地表建筑基础的沉降过程和分布形态差异明显。随着穿越角度? 的减小,基础沉降最大增幅为37.3%,建筑基础沿线沉降由对称分布转为侧向倾斜,相邻柱基沉降差增大;建筑倾斜和扭曲变形增加明显,最大增幅达10倍;由于分析部位不同,相比建筑基础及底部结构变形而言,隧道穿越角度的改变对建筑内力影响较小。 相似文献
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由于地质体存在断层、尖灭、出露等复杂地质现象,在三维地层建模时,为了表达这些现象,无论是面模型还是体模型或混合模型,都存在空间分割或曲面求交线的问题。由于地质体拓扑关系的复杂性、数据误差以及计算机精度问题,使得这些模型在实际建模过程中常常失效。运用水平集理论可以有效解决这一问题,水平集用隐函数表达曲面（或超曲面）,可以实现复杂地质体的表达及并、交、差等拓扑运算。在三维地层建模中,插值生成各种地质界面后,用水平集表达这些地质界面,利用水平理论完成各种复杂的拓扑操作,建立以水平集表达的三维地层模型。在此基础上,插入水平集表达的各种工程活动界面,利用水平集理论进行拓扑操作,可构建各种工程活动后的地层模型。再利用Marching cube算法抽取各种地质界面或工程活动界面,构建可用于实时可视化或用于工程评估（如有限元计算）等的NMTINF-BR地层模型或工程活动后的NMTINF-BR地层模型。 相似文献
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城市地铁隧道施工不可避免地对围岩产生扰动引起地表沉降,动态预测隧道开挖引起的地表沉降是确保地表建构筑物与隧道施工安全的重要基础。针对隧道施工过程中地表沉降难以准确动态预测的问题,在定义纵向开挖度系数? 的基础上,建立横向地表沉降动态预测模型。该模型能够描述同一监测位置沉降曲线随掌子面推进而不断变化的规律,实现施工现场沉降动态预测。结果表明：在特定约束条件下,该模型能够退化为Peck模型以及随机介质理论预测模型;通过现场施工验证了该动态预测模型的准确性与适用性;基于纵向开挖度系数? 将隧道沿纵向分为强烈、中度和轻度共3个影响段,较好地反映了开挖掌子面在不同位置对同一监测截面的影响程度;通过分析建筑物和隔离桩对地表沉降曲线的影响可知,建筑物与其附近地层呈现出协同变形、共同承载的特征,在隧道一侧添加地质钻隔离桩对该侧地表沉降值的减小程度可达71.9%。研究成果对滇中引水工程现场施工与类似工程具有一定指导和借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Ali Jamali Alias Abdul Rahman Pawel Boguslawski Pankaj Kumar Christopher M. Gold 《GeoJournal》2017,82(1):157-170
Indoor navigation is important for various applications such as disaster management, building modeling, safety analysis etc. In the last decade, indoor environment has been a focus of wide research that includes development of indoor data acquisition techniques, 3D data modeling and indoor navigation. In this research, an automated method for 3D modeling of indoor navigation network has been presented. 3D indoor navigation modeling requires a valid 3D model that can be represented as a cell complex: a model without any gap or intersection such that two cells (e.g. room, corridor) perfectly touch each other. This research investigates an automated method for 3D modeling of indoor navigation network using a geometrical model of indoor building environment. In order to reduce time and cost of surveying process, Trimble LaserAce 1000 laser rangefinder was used to acquire indoor building data which led to the acquisition of an inaccurate geometry of building. The connection between surveying benchmarks was established using Delaunay triangulation. Dijkstra algorithm was used to find shortest path in between building floors. The modeling results were evaluated against an accurate geometry of indoor building environment which was acquired using highly-accurate Trimble M3 total station. This research intends to investigate and propose a novel method of topological navigation network modeling with a less accurate geometrical model to overcome the need of required an accurate geometrical model. To control the uncertainty of the calibration and of the reconstruction of the building from the measurements, interval analysis and homotopy continuation will be investigated in the near future. 相似文献