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1.
Lei Wang Zhe Luo Junhua Xiao C. Hsein Juang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(2):273-285
This paper presents an approach for the probabilistic inverse analysis of braced excavations based on the maximum likelihood formulation. Here, the soil parameters are updated using the observations of the maximum ground settlement and/or the maximum wall deflection measured in a staged excavation. The updated soil parameters are then used to refine the predicted wall and ground responses in the subsequent excavation stages, as well as to assess the building damage potential at the final excavation stage. Case study shows that the proposed approach is effective in improving the predictions of the excavation-induced wall and ground responses. More-accurate predictions of the wall and ground responses, in turn, lead to a more accurate assessment of the damage potential of buildings adjacent to the excavation. The proposed approach offers an effective means for a probabilistic inverse analysis of braced excavations. 相似文献
2.
Deep excavations particularly in deep deposits of soft clay can cause excessive ground movements and result in damage to adjacent buildings. Extensive plane strain finite element analyses considering the small strain effect have been carried out to examine the wall deflections for excavations in soft clay deposits supported by retaining walls and bracing. The excavation geometry, soil strength and stiffness properties, and the wall stiffness were varied to study the wall deflection behavior. Based on these results, a simple Polynomial Regression (PR) model was developed for estimating the maximum wall deflection. Wall deflections computed by this method compare favorably with a number of field and published records. 相似文献
3.
围护结构最大侧移所在深度是衡量基坑变形的重要指标之一,而目前鲜有关于其对周边环境变形影响的研究。基于工程实测数据分析和有限元数值模拟,系统地研究了基坑围护结构最大侧移深度对邻近桩基础建筑物不均匀沉降和坑外深层土体位移场的影响。经研究发现：围护结构最大侧移的下移会导致坑外土体位移场扩大,进而降低相应区域的桩基础承载力,导致邻近桩基础建筑物发生显著的不均匀沉降。不同深度的土体经历复杂的竖向位移,且位移形态与围护结构最大侧移深度密切相关。随围护结构最大侧移深度的逐渐下移,坑外土体位移场向深层土体发展,且主要影响范围相应地扩大。在实际工程中,根据基坑周边环境合理地控制围护结构最大侧移所在深度,可有效降低基坑开挖对周边环境的不利影响。 相似文献
4.
Yang Yubing Li Jiasen Liu Chao Ma Jianjun Zheng Shuang Chen Wei 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(2):545-562
This study investigates the disturbance of bridge piles caused by the adjacent deep excavation of a metro station in Guangzhou while considering the existence of underlying karst caverns. Ground treatment was adopted to reduce the effects of the deep excavation on the surrounding environment, including metro jet system (MJS) technology and karst treatment. Considering the presence of karst cavern and an inhomogeneous limestone layer, three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) was implemented to investigate the excavation-induced effects on the surrounding ground and structures. Coupled pore fluid diffusion and stress analysis were adopted for the excavation simulation, and comparative analyses between the field data and FEA results were used to verify the numerical model. A series of parametric studies were conducted by varying the parameters of the MJS piles and karst cavern filling. This study reveals that: (1) increasing the Young’s modulus of the MJS pile leads to a decrease in ground and wall settlement; (2) the optimal buried depth of MJS piles is the depth that reaches the rock stratum; (3) the optimal MJS pile–wall distance is 0.225H (H denotes excavation depth); (4) increasing the piles diameter leads to a linearly decrease in wall and piles settlement; and (5) varying the Young’s modulus and permeability coefficient of the karst cavern filling has little effect on the surrounding environment. MJS treatment can be used as an effective measure for protecting the surrounding environment from disturbance by deep excavations.
相似文献5.
In urban environments, one major concern with deep excavations in soft clay is the potentially large ground deformations in and around the excavation. Excessive movements can damage adjacent buildings and utilities. There are many uncertainties associated with the calculation of the ultimate or serviceability performance of a braced excavation system. These include the variabilities of the loadings, geotechnical soil properties, and engineering and geometrical properties of the wall. A risk‐based approach to serviceability performance failure is necessary to incorporate systematically the uncertainties associated with the various design parameters. This paper demonstrates the use of an integrated neural network–reliability method to assess the risk of serviceability failure through the calculation of the reliability index. By first performing a series of parametric studies using the finite element method and then approximating the non‐linear limit state surface (the boundary separating the safe and ‘failure’ domains) through a neural network model, the reliability index can be determined with the aid of a spreadsheet. Two illustrative examples are presented to show how the serviceability performance for braced excavation problems can be assessed using the reliability index. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Probability of serviceability failure in a braced excavation in a spatially random field: Fuzzy finite element approach 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A simplified framework is proposed for evaluating the probability of “serviceability failure” in a braced excavation in a spatially random field. Here, the “serviceability failure” is said to occur when the excavation-induced wall or ground movement exceeds specified limiting values. Knowledge of this probability can aid in engineering decision-making to prevent damage to adjacent infrastructures. The proposed framework consists of five elements: (1) finite element method (FEM) for analyzing wall and ground responses in a braced excavation, (2) fuzzy set modeling of parameter uncertainty, (3) spatial averaging technique for handling spatial variability, (4) vertex method for processing fuzzy input through FEM model, and (5) interpretation of fuzzy output. The proposed framework is demonstrated through a well-documented case history. The results show the proposed framework is simple and effective for assessing the probability of serviceability failure in a braced excavation in a spatially random field. To focus on the proposed fuzzy FEM approach, the scope of this paper is limited to one-dimensional modeling of spatial variability with an assumed exponential autocorrelation function. 相似文献
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Mohamed I. Ramadan Ebraheem H. Ramadan Marwan M. Khashila 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(3):1545-1558
In urban areas, there are many situations where basement of new constructions or underground utilities are proposed to be constructed adjacent to old buildings. Of greatest concern are buildings with shallow foundations that do not extend below the zone of influence of the adjacent excavation. For deep excavation, the presence of a cantilever stage at the beginning of a construction sequence can often lead to excessive movements. Therefore over-excavation can also be a primary cause of excessive movements. In the present study, shallow excavation was considered. Three Dimensional Finite Element (3D FE) study was carried out in the present study. A cantilever contiguous pile wall was selected because it is common and relatively economic to be used in cohesive soil. Parametric study were performed considering excavation depth, pile embedded depth, and wall stiffness. Some design recommendations were given to provide a safe supporting system in clay. 相似文献
9.
Three-dimension finite element analyses of deep excavations with buttress walls were performed to evaluate the effect of buttress wall shapes on limiting movements induced by deep excavation. Results showed that a combination of the rectangular and the capital L-letter shapes (RL-shape) yielded the greatest performance in reducing wall deflections and ground surface settlements. The main deformation-control mechanism mainly came from the horizontal and vertical frictional resistances of buttress walls against adjacent soils which were pushed by wall deflections and the soil heave at the excavation bottom, respectively. Besides, the RL-shape buttress walls were successfully verified through a well-documented case history. 相似文献
10.
A new approach for simulating the excavation and construction of subsequent panels is proposed to investigate the effects from the installation of diaphragm walls on the surrounding and adjacent buildings. The method has been combined with a 3-D nonlinear analysis and a constitutive law providing bulk and shear modulus variation, depending on the stress path (loading, unloading, reloading). From the application of the method in a normally to slightly over-consolidated clayey soil it was found that the panel length is the most affecting factor of ground movements and lateral stress reduction during panel installation. Moreover, from the evaluation of horizontal stress reduction and the variation of horizontal displacements arises that the effects from the construction of a panel are mainly limited to a zone within a distance of the order of the panel length. The effects on an adjacent building have also been investigated by applying a full soil–structure interaction including the whole building. Settlement profiles and settlements are given at specific points as increasing with subsequent installation of panels, providing the ability of specific monitoring guidelines for the upcoming construction of the diaphragm wall in front of the building. Contrary to lateral movements, which mostly take place at the panel under construction, it was found that the effect of settlements covers a larger area leading to a progressive settlement increase. The effect highly depends on the distance from the panel under construction. 相似文献
11.
Installation of buttress walls against diaphragm walls has been used as an alternative measure for the protection of adjacent buildings during excavation, but their mechanism in reducing movements has not yet been fully understood. This study performs three-dimensional finite element analyses of two excavation case histories, one in clay with T-shape buttress walls and another in dominant sand with rectangular buttress walls, to establish analysis model. Then, a series of parametric study were performed by varying soil types, types and length of buttress walls based on the above-mentioned excavations. Results show that the mechanism of buttress walls in reducing wall deflections mainly came from the frictional resistance between the side surface of buttress wall and adjacent soil rather than from the combined bending stiffness from diaphragm and buttress walls. The buttress wall with a length <2.0 m had a poor effect in reducing the wall deflection because the soil adjacent to the buttress wall had almost the same amount of movement as the buttress wall, causing the frictional resistance little mobilized. Since the frictional resistance of buttress walls in a deep excavation has fully been mobilized prior to the final excavation depth, the efficiency of buttress walls in reducing the wall deflection in a deep excavation was much less than that in a shallow excavation. Rectangular shape of buttress walls was of a better effect than T-shape in the shallow excavation because frictional resistance between buttress walls and adjacent soil played a major role in reducing the wall deflection rather than bearing resistance of the flange. When the excavation went deeper, the difference in reducing the wall deflection between the R-shape and T-shape became small. 相似文献
12.
《Computers and Geotechnics》2001,28(6-7):397-423
The case history of the deep excavation for the National Gallery extension in London is presented in this paper. Comparisons with data from other sites show that it is typical for that of similar projects in Central London. Class 1 predictions of the retaining wall behaviour (prior to construction) using the Model London Clay constitutive relationship considerably over-estimated wall and ground movements. Retaining wall and ground movements are also considerably over-predicted by analyses using a simple linear elastic/perfectly plastic soil model, despite optimistic parameters being assumed for the soils. Predictions made using the constitutive model BRICK are closer to the measured deflected shape, but are also higher than measured values. Parametric studies of the effect of various parameters suggest that a “best estimate” of the wall movements are still well in excess of those measured. It is concluded that these differences are due to three-dimensional effects and deficiencies in the model. The “beam-spring” computer software for retaining walls FREW gives similar results to the analyses using the simple model. Analyses of the same problem carried out by a different operator using another finite element code, but with the same constitutive model, yielded somewhat different results and highlight the need for careful interpretation of finite element analyses. 相似文献
13.
土体水平位移对邻近既有桩基承载性状影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城市建设中经常会遇到由于堆载或基坑开挖所引起的土体水平位移现象,土体水平位移的作用会使邻近建筑物的桩基础产生附加内力或变形,并可能导致邻近桩基的破坏而发生工程事故。针对此类问题,基于Winkler地基模型以及桩-土变形协调条件,建立单桩水平位移控制方程,根据内力与位移的微分关系,采用两阶段方法进行求解。结合典型的工程事故,通过参数分析,研究土体水平位移对邻近桩基承载性状的影响程度。分析表明,基坑工程围护墙体的稳定和开挖深度对邻近桩基的安全有着重要影响,并提出了近期发生在上海的某小高层楼房整体倒覆事故的一种可能原因。 相似文献
14.
This study presents a nonlinear optimization technique (NOT) for conducting the back analyses of geotechnical engineering problems based on the field observations. Additional auxiliary techniques are incorporated to enhance the convergence and stability of the NOT. The developed NOT and additional auxiliary techniques are incorporated into a finite element code and then applied to the back analysis of excavation-induced wall deflection. A number of hypothetical excavation cases with various scenarios of stratigraphy and two quality excavation case histories are used to validate the developed NOT, in which the dominant soil parameters are treated as target parameters. Results show that the wall deflections of all hypothetical and actual excavation cases at each stage can be accurately and efficiently back-figured. The developed NOT has a potential to be an useful tool for preventing the building damage through accurately and efficiently predicting the excavation-induced deformations at subsequent stages. 相似文献
15.
In India, soil nail walls are being extensively used for supporting vertical excavations below ground level to accommodate construction of one-or two-storied basements. Generally, the depth of excavations for basement construction ranges from 10 m to 15 m. For such large depth of excavation, variability of in-situ soil properties has significant influence on the stability of the soil nail walls. In the present study, using reliability analysis, an attempt is made to study the influence of variability of in-situ soil properties on the stability of soil nail walls. For better understanding, a case of 10 m high soil nail wall constructed to support a vertical cut is considered for the study and its stability is evaluated for various failure modes. Additionally, the influence of correlation among soil parameters on soil nail wall stability is assessed. In-situ soil friction angle and correlation between in-situ soil cohesion and angle of friction are found to influence soil nail wall stability significantly. In general, reliability analysis provided a better insight into the assessment of stability of soil nail wall. 相似文献
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17.
采用解析法研究穿越地表建筑物浅埋隧道开挖引起的地表沉降。由无建筑物时岩土体开挖引起的地表沉降公式及半无限平面在均布荷载下的相对沉陷,推导出了穿越地表建筑物浅埋隧道施工引起的地表沉降公式,并通过实例验证了此方法的可行性。采用上述方法研究了地表建筑物的重量及其与浅埋隧道位置关系对地表沉降的影响,研究结果表明：浅埋隧道开挖引起的地表沉降随建筑物重量的增大而增大;建筑物中心到隧道轴线的水平距离是对地表沉降的一个重要影响因素,超过一定范围时建筑物的存在对地表沉降的影响可以忽略不计。研究结果可为类似隧道工程提供一定参考。 相似文献
18.
邻近建筑物的暗挖隧道施工数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
软土中采用暗挖法开挖隧道往往会引起土体变形,由于城市中暗挖隧道多建在建筑物高度集中的地区,土体变形对邻近既有建筑物的损伤不容忽视。采用二维有限元方法对邻近中、低层建筑物(采用整体基础)工况下的暗挖隧道施工进行了模拟和分析,建筑物长15 m。研究结果表明：建筑物的存在会增大隧道开挖引起的地面沉降和衬砌的受力与变形,同时隧道开挖也会使邻近建筑物产生附加应力和变形。当隧道轴线与建筑物轴线的水平距离 0 m时,建筑物相对安全;当 时,建筑物会产生朝向隧道一侧的倾斜。当 为2.5～20 m时,产生较大的地面沉降,建筑物的首尾沉降差较大,建筑物较危险;当 为30～40 m时,建筑物的存在对隧道施工的影响较小;当 40 m时,建筑物的存在对隧道施工的影响可以忽略不计。由于基础的存在,建筑物的最大弯矩、轴力和剪力的变化量较小,增大量在10 %以内。 相似文献
19.
Numerical models are commonly used to estimate excavation‐induced ground movements. Two‐dimensional (2D) plain strain assumption is typically used for the simulation of deep excavations which might not be suitable for excavations where three‐dimensional (3D) effects dominate the ground response. This paper adapts an inverse analysis algorithm to learn soil behavior from field measurements using a 3D model representation of an excavation. The paper describes numerical issues related to this development including the generation of the 3D model mesh from laser scan images of the excavation. The inverse analysis to extract the soil behavior in 3D is presented. The model captures the measured wall deflections. Although settlements were not sufficiently measured, the predicted settlements around the excavation site reflected strong 3D effects and were consistent with empirical correlations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Conventional numerical predictions of deep excavations normally neglect the construction process of the retaining structure and choose the earth pressure at rest as initial condition at the beginning of the simulation. The presented results of simulation and measurements during the construction process of the Taipei National Enterprise Center show, that such an assumption leads to an underestimation of the horizontal wall deflection, the surface ground settlements as well as the loading of the struts in case of normally to slightly over‐consolidated clayey soil deposits. The stepwise installation process of the individual diaphragm wall panels results in a substantial modification of the lateral effective stresses in the adjacent ground. Especially the pouring process of the panel and the fresh concrete pressure causes a partial mobilization of the passive earth pressure and a distinct stress level increase in the upper half of the wall. As a consequence of the increased stresses prior to the pit excavation, up to 15% greater ground and wall movements are predicted. Moreover, the increased stress level due to the installation process of the diaphragm wall leads to substantial higher strut loadings during the excavation of the pit. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献