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1.
第三届地球系统科学大会设置了关于南海珊瑚礁的专题,系统讨论了南海珊瑚礁从响应、记录全球变化到岛礁工程建设和油气勘探等的研究进展。受全球气候变暖和人类活动加剧等因素的双重影响,南海珊瑚礁在过去50多年来退化幅度高达80%,不少区域现代活珊瑚的覆盖度20%。珊瑚骨骼的地球化学指标清楚地揭示,自工业革命以来南海海水的污染程度增加、CO2驱动的海水p H值降低(变酸)等,这些环境问题对南海珊瑚礁构成了进一步的威胁。而日益增加的珊瑚礁区工程活动将不可避免地对珊瑚礁带来更大的环境压力,因此建议充分研究珊瑚礁区的工程地质特征,充分考虑珊瑚礁生态的脆弱性特点,进行岛礁工程的合理规划和布局,倡导"绿色工程"的理念。广布于南海的生物礁,其主要成礁时期为中新世以来,多种礁型储层及其良好的生储盖组合,决定了南海生物礁油气藏具有广阔的勘探前景,同时也具有多时间、空间尺度的环境记录功能。  相似文献   

2.
重建全新世以来南海气候环境演变记录对了解我国乃至东亚地区气候环境的演变规律具有重要的意义。造礁珊瑚在热带海洋气候环境演变研究方面具有独特的优势。最近二十年来,基于珊瑚地球化学记录的全新世南海气候环境演变研究取得了大量成果。本文对在季节-年际-年代际-千年际尺度的气候变化、海水pH、生态演化和人类活动等研究方面获得的代表性成果进行了总结,提出传统的珊瑚古气候研究需要从重建气候环境记录、探讨气候变化问题上升到研究珊瑚对气候环境变化的适应性演变机制、珊瑚礁生态系统和气候环境协同演化过程,以适应地球系统科学发展的要求。  相似文献   

3.
祝仲蓉 Marsh.  J 《沉积学报》1992,10(1):133-145
更新世以来,剧烈的构造运动已将巴布亚新几内亚合恩半岛东北海岸的晚第四纪珊瑚礁阶地抬升上千米.阶地中造礁珊瑚的成岩变化和成岩产物的组构特征反映了该礁的成岩历史,充分体现该区快速构造上升的影响.海水潜流带和淡水渗流带为上升礁的主要成岩环境.生物钻孔、生物碎屑填隙、珊瑚文石针粗化、珊瑚骨骼的溶解和新生变形转化,以及其不同矿物成分和组构的种种胶结物的胶结作用是造礁珊瑚经历的主要成岩作用.地球化学资料表明其成岩变化发生于开放的化学体系之中.  相似文献   

4.
深水珊瑚林     
2018年在南海发现的深水珊瑚林,为底栖生物乃至碳循环研究弥补了重大空缺。受技术限制,以前深海底栖生物的研究主要局限在沉积覆盖的软基底,以为石质海底是一片贫瘠世界。1990年代中期,应用深潜技术首先在大西洋发现了深海珊瑚礁,为海洋科学开辟了新的研究方向。深海珊瑚包括两类:一类是属于六方珊瑚的石珊瑚,以其文石质的外骨骼形成珊瑚礁;另一类是以柳珊瑚为主的珊瑚林,柳珊瑚属于八方珊瑚,可以形成高镁方解石的骨骼。这些碳酸盐骨骼都能够记录深海的环境变化,是古海洋学研究的绝佳材料。太平洋由于文石补偿面过浅,不利于深水珊瑚礁发育,深水珊瑚林应当普遍发育,可惜至今尚未得到重视,绝大部分海域属于研究空白。通过对深水珊瑚礁和珊瑚林的组成以及分布的介绍,讨论深水珊瑚林在海洋生态学中的重要性及其在古海洋学再造中的意义。  相似文献   

5.
珊瑚礁生态系统拥有较高的生物多样性,为人类提供了丰富的生物资源及生态服务功能与价值。我国多处滨海核电站周边存在造礁珊瑚,而南海珊瑚岛礁也是未来海上漂浮核电站重要的潜在应用场景。基于在珊瑚礁中14C、90Sr和137Cs的已有研究,分析了珊瑚礁中关键人工放射性核素的研究动态,提出了基于核素在珊瑚骨骼与海水分配系数的分类原则,探索了低度(137Cs)、中度(129I)和高度(14C>239+240Pu>90Sr,236U)富集的三大类核素在珊瑚骨骼中的富集规律,利用欧盟的ERICA模型开展上述人工放射性核素和天然放射性核素210Po对珊瑚虫的辐射剂量评估,定量计算不同核素对珊瑚虫的剂量率排序依次为14C>90Sr>137Cs>239+240Pu>  相似文献   

6.
高分辨率古海水温度记录──珊瑚Sr/Ca比值韦刚健,李献华(中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广州510640)关键词SST记录Sr/Ca比值,珊瑚礁1弓】言研究第四纪古气候古环境变化,了解过去的气候演变规律,对预测未来气候变化趋势有重要意义,而依据地质...  相似文献   

7.
分布于相对高纬度的亚热带珊瑚礁和珊瑚群落,与热带珊瑚礁一样具有重要的研究价值,但实际上对相对高纬度珊瑚的研究相对稀少.在我国南海,相对高纬度的珊瑚礁和群落主要分布于广西涠洲岛、广东大亚湾、香港、福建东山、台湾等海域.近年来,一些学者利用生物、生态、地质、地球化学等研究方法,围绕“珊瑚群落演变与全球变化的关系”、“珊瑚对环境变化的高分辨率记录”等领域,在相对高纬度海域开展了一些研究工作.本文首先简略介绍相对高纬度珊瑚的研究意义,然后着重综述南海相对高纬度珊瑚对海洋环境变化的响应和高分辨率记录,以期通过综述前人的研究成果,为接下来的研究提出新问题、开创新思路提供借鉴.  相似文献   

8.
张江勇  余克服 《地质论评》2008,54(3):362-372
珊瑚骨骼生长有年、月、日周期,能够当作古生物钟来记录地质历史。块状珊瑚骨骼密度条带年周期的发现对后来的珊瑚古气候研究产生了深远的影响,随后又发现世界各热带海域的珊瑚存在多种多样的骨骼密度变化模式,起先常从珊瑚的生长环境中寻找骨骼密度变化的控制因素,但是没有成功,从80年代后期,部分学者试图从珊瑚骨骼构架本身出发、综合考虑环境因素和骨骼密度条带之间的关系来探求骨骼密度变化的机理,并提出了一个可以解释大多数块状珊瑚骨骼密度条带变化模式的骨骼生长模型。块状珊瑚软体层厚度是一个十分重要但至今仍没引起足够重视的珊瑚生长参数,它相对于骨骼线性生长率的变化影响着骨骼密度变化模式。骨骼钙化作用和虫黄藻光合作用的相互关系还存有争议,珊瑚骨骼钙化机理仍在探索中。  相似文献   

9.
造礁珊瑚是研究热带海洋高分辨率气候环境演变的重要载体。对采自海南岛南部三亚湾的活体滨珊瑚SY10进行了约为月分辨率的碳、氧、硼同位素组成分析,并利用珊瑚δ11B重建了海水pH。结果显示,所测量样品的δ13C变化范围为–3.32‰~–1.76‰,δ18O为–6.13‰~–4.78‰,δ11B为23.51‰~26.23‰,且这些珊瑚样品的碳、氧、硼同位素组成均存在明显的季节性周期波动。其中pH与δ18O之间存在明显的正相关关系,高的pH值更倾向于在低温的季节出现,这意味着短时间尺度该处珊瑚礁海水pH可能主要不是受海水CO2溶解度控制,而是与生物活动有密切的关系。利用SY10珊瑚样品硼同位素组成重建的海水pH值变化范围为7.77~8.37,并呈季节性周期波动,这种大幅度的周期波动与我们对三亚珊瑚礁海水pH进行现场观测所得到的结果以及前人的研究成果相符,说明了利用珊瑚δ11B重建海水pH记录是可靠的。  相似文献   

10.
通过对南海北部大亚湾海区1976~1998年扁脑珊瑚Platygyra骨骼Cu,Pb和Cd含量的研究及其与观测记录的比较,初步认为珊瑚可以记录大亚湾海区重金属的年际变化特征;发现1979年和1991年是重金属含量比较高的年份;由扁脑珊瑚记录推测珊瑚中Cd含量短时间内可能受到了核电站兴建的影响,但近20多年来的大亚湾扁脑珊瑚及海水中重金属状况的总体变化过程可能与整个广东海域水质的变化背景基本一致,而与核电站的兴建和运行似乎没有明显的关系  相似文献   

11.
Located in Goa on the west coast of India and joining the Arabian Sea, the Mandovi and the Zuari are two estuaries, each about 50 km long, connected by a narrow canal. A number of small rivers join the two estuaries, forming a network of channels, whose cross-sectional area decreases rapidly in the upstream direction. They receive large freshwater influx during the southwest monsoon and little during the rest of the year. During April (dry season) and August (wet season) 1993, the water level and salinity at 15 locations in the network were monitored for 3 days to determine characteristics of tidal propagation in the network. Analysis of the data shows that the speed of propagation of both the diurnal and the semi-diurnal tide through the main channels of the network is approximately 6 m/s. Amplitudes of these tides in the channels remain unchanged over a distance of about 40 km from the mouth and then decay rapidly upstream over the next 10 km. The undamped propagation is a consequence of the balance between geometric amplification, due to decrease in the cross-sectional area in the upstream direction, and frictional dissipation. The rapid decay near the upstream end of the channels appears to result primarily from freshwater influx.  相似文献   

12.
The results of the processing and analysis of the global earthquake distribution (more than 250000 events based on the ISC catalog) and the study of moonquakes distribution (about 900 events based on the published materials) are presented. It was found that the number of events and the energy for both cases show a bimodal distribution with maximums in the middle latitudes, zero values at the polarcaps, and a local minimum in the vicinity of the equator. The probable influence of tectonic processes on the revealed character of the seismic event distribution is analyzed, and the role of Earth tides in the activation of the seismicity in the symmetric zones on both sides of the equator is shown.  相似文献   

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The Swartvlei estuary possesses a prolific growth of both intertidal and subtidal eelgrass,Zostera capensis. During 1984 less than 12% of the eelgrass beds were located in the upper half of the estuary, yet deposition ofZostera/macroalgal wrack in this region, when the estuary was linked to the sea (open phase), was similar to that in the lower half. Over a period of 20 semidiurnal tidal cycles there was a net gain of 2.5 tonnes dry mass of plant material into the upper reaches. Export of aquatic macrophytes and filamentous algae from the lower reaches toward the sea over 20 tidal cycles amounted to 1.6 tonnes dry mass. The amount of plant material transported during spring tides was 2 to 3 times greater than that carried during neap tides. Shallowing of the estuary mouth due to sand deposition resulted in a decline in the tidal prism and a decrease in macrodetrital flux. Total export ofZostera and associated algae amounted to 0.87 g ash-free dry mass m?2d?1 and represented a monthly export of 18% ofZostera bed biomass. Deposition of plant wrack during the 1984–1985 closed phase amounted to 63 g dry mass per meter of shore per day at the lower reaches site but only 10 g m?1d?1 was recorded at the upper reaches site. The relatively low latter value was attributed to the absence of tidal action which transports macrodetritus from the lower and middle reaches into the upper part of the system. During the 1984 open phase 70 g m?1d?1 was deposited at the lower reaches site and 68 g m?1d?1 at the upper reaches site. The role of tides in the redistribution of aquatic macrophyte primary production in the Swartvlei estuary was therefore clearly underscored.  相似文献   

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海潮引起滨海含水层地下水位变化的初步研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
依据短序列和长序列的潮汐效应观测数据,分析了北海地区海潮引起滨海含水层地下水位变化的动态特征.结果表明,受海潮影响的滨海含水层地下水位与海潮有相似的波动特征,但变幅减小,受海潮的影响程度与观测点离海岸的距离有关,随着离海岸距离的增加地下水位的变幅和潮汐系数大致呈负指数减小.在南、北海岸距离海岸分别达3756m和2276m以远时地下水位不受海潮变化的影响.长序列的观测资料显示,海潮和岸边地下水位有15天的长周期和1天的短周期的波动.  相似文献   

18.
Due to a lack of modern analogues, debate surrounds the importance of tides in ancient epi-continental seas. However, numerical modelling can provide a quantitative means of investigating palaeo-tidality without recourse to analogues. Finite element modelling of the European Upper Carboniferous epi-continental seaway predicts an exceedingly low Lunar tidal range (ca 5 cm in the open water regions of the UK and Southern North Sea). The Imperial College Ocean Model (ICOM) uses finite element methods and an unstructured tetrahedral mesh that is computationally very efficient. The accuracy and sensitivity of ICOM tidal range predictions were tested using bathymetric data from the present-day Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean Sea is micro-tidal and varies in depth up to 5·4 km with an average depth of 1–2 km. ICOM accurately predicts the tidal range given both a realistic, but smoothed, bathymetry and a straight sided basin with a uniform depth of 1 km. Variation in uniform depth from 100 to 3000 m with and without islands consistently predicts micro-tidality, demonstrating that the model is robust and the effect of bathymetric uncertainty on model output is relatively small. The extremely low tidal range predicted for the European Upper Carboniferous is thus deemed robust. Putative Upper Carboniferous tidal deposits have been described in the UK and southern North Sea, but are represented by cyclic rhythmites and are limited to palaeo-estuaries. Calculations based on an embayed coast model show that the tidal range could have been amplified to ca 1 m in estuaries and that this is sufficient to form cyclic rhythmites. Without tidal mixing, the tropical equatorial heat and salinity enhancement would promote stratification in the open water body. The introduction of organic matter probably caused anoxia, biotic mortality and carbon accumulation, as evidenced by numerous black ‘marine-band’ shales.  相似文献   

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径潮动力对长江河口滞流点的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为研究三峡蓄水后滞流点的时空变化规律,应用ECOMSED模型模拟长江河口在不同径流、潮流作用下的水流动态过程。结果表明:北支大洪水期下移幅度大,涨潮动力强劲,随潮流变化大;南侧变化幅度整体较北支小,随径流的变化幅度自大至小依次为北港、南槽、北槽;随潮流的变化幅度自大至小依次为南槽、北港、北槽。滞流点随径、潮条件变化时,受地形影响明显,三峡蓄水后,径流变化范围缩小,引起不同地貌单元滞流点范围不同程度的缩小,可据此认为,与滞流点位置一致的最大浑浊带范围呈现减小的趋势,由此可能引起最大浑浊带和地貌调整。  相似文献   

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