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1.
利用ECMWF的ERA-Interim再分析资料和NOAA/NCDC站点资料,通过逐日气温的季节内方差,构造了冬季冷强度指数,并研究了近16 a来欧亚大陆中纬度地区低温事件频发的原因。结果表明:近16 a来,欧亚大陆中纬度地区极端低温天气发生频率呈显著上升趋势,对应在欧洲西北部、西伯利亚以及东亚地区冬季冷强度增强趋势明显,但冬季季节内温度方差增强趋势不明显,表明新构造的冷强度指数能更好地刻画低温事件的总体变化特征。近年来欧亚大陆中纬度地区寒潮事件频发且持续时间加长,相应地,西伯利亚高压增强并向西北扩展,伴随着欧亚大陆中高纬度地区北风增强,西风减弱,对应冬季平均气温也出现显著下降趋势,导致冬季冷强度不断增强。进一步分析温度平流各项发现,近年来冬季欧亚大陆中纬度地区以冷平流为主,纬向与经向温度平流分量同等重要,除经向风及经向温度梯度变化项的作用外,纬向风与纬向温度梯度变化项也起着重要的作用。温度平流各项对各个地区的贡献不同,经向风与经向温度梯度的变化主要促使西伯利亚地区降温,纬向风变化项主要引起欧洲地区降温,纬向温度梯度变化项主要使东亚地区降温。 相似文献
2.
东亚冬季风的统计研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
利用ECMWFl979—1984年5个冬季(12—2月)的资料对东亚和西太平洋地区的冬季风进行了统计研究。得到的主要结果有: (1)东亚和西太平洋地区有两个冷涌区;从东海到南海等东亚沿岸地区和菲律宾以东西太平洋地区。其中以前者最明显。冷涌主要是700hPa以下的现象,近地面层北风最强,随高度迅速减弱。 (2)伴随着冷涌向南扩展,冷空气经华南沿中南半岛沿岸区一直向南扩展到近赤道地区; (3)在近地面层,西伯利亚高压的活动和强度与冷涌有密切的联系; (4)东亚的冬季风或冷涌有明显的年际变化,这与西伯利亚高压和南支槽活动的年际变化有关。 相似文献
3.
Under recent Arctic warming, boreal winters have witnessed severe cold surges over both Eurasia and North America, bringing about serious social and economic impacts. Here, we investigated the changes in daily surface air temperature (SAT) variability during the rapid Arctic warming period of 1988/89–2015/16, and found the daily SAT variance, mainly contributed by the sub-seasonal component, shows an increasing and decreasing trend over eastern Eurasia and North America, respectively. Increasing cold extremes (defined as days with daily SAT anomalies below 1.5 standard deviations) dominated the increase of the daily SAT variability over eastern Eurasia, while decreasing cold extremes dominated the decrease of the daily SAT variability over North America. The circulation regime of cold extremes over eastern Eurasia (North America) is characterized by an enhanced high-pressure ridge over the Urals (Alaska) and surface Siberian (Canadian) high. The data analyses and model simulations show the recent strengthening of the high-pressure ridge over the Urals was associated with warming of the Barents–Kara seas in the Arctic region, while the high-pressure ridge over Alaska was influenced by the offset effect of Arctic warming over the East Siberian–Chukchi seas and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)–like sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the North Pacific. The transition of the PDO-like SST anomalies from a positive to negative phase cancelled the impact of Arctic warming, reduced the occurrence of extreme cold days, and possibly resulted in the decreasing trend of daily SAT variability in North America. The multi-ensemble simulations of climate models confirmed the regional Arctic warming as the driver of the increasing SAT variance over eastern Eurasia and North America and the overwhelming effect of SST forcing on the decreasing SAT variance over North America. Therefore, the regional response of winter cold extremes at midlatitudes to the Arctic warming could be different due to the distinct impact of decadal SST anomalies. 相似文献
4.
采用1951～2007年南疆地区站点月平均气温资料和NCAR/NCEP气候月平均资料,运用二项式系数加权平均法、Morlet小波变换等方法分析了南疆地区冬季和夏季气温的季节—年际气候变化特征,及气温异常的时空变化特征.结论如下:南疆地区冬季和夏季气温在气候态上差异明显,1980年代以前的冬季主要为气温负异常,1980年代以后呈现气温异常升高,到2000年以后又开始出现偏冷趋势;夏季气温偏差小于冬季,57 a间南疆夏季气温大致出现两波振荡,异常偏热期大致处于1950年代、1970年代后期和21世纪初,呈20～25 a振荡.冷冬年的频次多于暖冬年,热夏年的频次多于凉夏年.偏冷年在57a时间段内所占比例最多,气温异常低的幅度大于气温异常高的幅度.南疆冬季气温存在2个显著振荡:6～10 a的年际周期和18～20 a的年代际周期;夏季气温有1个最显著的振荡,稳定的20 a为中心的周期.不同的年代和季节气温及气温偏差分布各不相同.从气温长期演变趋势来看不论冬夏南疆北部(天山山脉以南)气温升高,塔里木盆地以及南疆南部地区气温降低.冬季升温区的升温幅度比夏季升温区大,夏季降温区的降温幅度比冬季降温区大. 相似文献
5.
Huang Ruping Chen Shangfeng Chen Wen Yu Bin Hu Peng Ying Jun Wu Qiaoyan 《Climate Dynamics》2021,56(11):3643-3664
Compared to the zonal-mean Hadley cell (HC), our knowledge of the characteristics, influence factors and associated climate anomalies of the regional HC remains quite limited. Here, we examine interannual variability of the northern poleward HC edge over western Pacific (WPHCE) during boreal winter. Results suggest that interannual variability of the WPHCE is impacted by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Modoki, North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The WPHCE tends to shift poleward during negative phase of the ENSO Modoki, and positive phases of the NPO and NAO, which highlights not merely the tropical forcing but also the extratropical signals that modulate the WPHCE. ENSO modoki, NPO and NAO modulate the WPHCE via inducing atmospheric anomalies over the western North Pacific. We further investigate the climatic impacts of the WPHCE on East Asia. The poleward shift of the northern descending branch of the WPHC results in anomalous upward (downward) motions and upper-level divergence (convergence) anomalies over south-central China (northern East-Asia), leading to increased (decreased) rainfall there. Moreover, pronounced cold surface air temperature anomalies appear over south-central China when the sinking branch of the WPHC moves poleward. Based on the temperature diagnostic analysis, negative surface temperature tendency anomalies over central China are mostly attributable to the cold zonal temperature advection and ascent-induced adiabatic cooling, while the negative anomalies over South China are largely due to the cold meridional temperature advection. These findings could improve our knowledge of the WPHCE variability and enrich the knowledge of forcing factors for East Asian winter climate.
相似文献6.
采用1979～2015年ERA-Interim再分析资料和中国756个站点的逐日降水观测资料,利用百分位法定义了华南冬季强降水事件,通过K-均值聚类方法分析发现中国冬季强降水的中心主要集中在5个地区:长江中下游地区、华南中西部、华南东南部、淮河流域以及中国西南部.为了揭示华南南部大范围强降水的成因,对比分析了由西南地区... 相似文献
7.
During boreal winter, the invasion of cold air can lead to remarkable temperature drops in East Asia which can result in serious socioeconomic impacts. Here, we find that the intensity of strong synoptic cold days in the East China Sea and Indochina Peninsula are increasing. The enhanced synoptic cold days in these two regions are attributed to surface warming over the South China Sea and Philippine Sea(SCSPS). The oceanic forcing of the SCSPS on the synoptic cold days in the two regions is veri... 相似文献
8.
利用喜马拉雅山脉中段南、北两侧6个气象站1971-2007年逐月气温、降水资料,分析了该地区气候变化趋势、异常及突变特征。结果表明：喜马拉雅山脉中段南、北两侧年、季平均气温均呈明显上升趋势,冬半年升温幅度大于夏半年。年及夏半年平均气温均为随年代升高趋势,而冬半年气温在20世纪80年代较70年代略偏低,90年代后又逐渐升高。21世纪前7 a升温最为显著,较20世纪70年代升高0.6～1.1℃。1997年该地区南侧年平均气温发生突变,突变后增温趋势更加明显。20世纪90年代末以来,异常偏暖年份出现的几率明显增加,且南侧多于北侧。喜马拉雅山脉中段北侧年及冬夏半年降水均呈增多趋势。南侧年和夏半年降水呈减少趋势,冬半年为增多趋势。降水异常出现在20世纪80、90年代,21世纪后降水出现异常的概率明显减少。近40 a,北侧气候具有暖湿化趋势;南侧冬半年与之类似,但夏半年及全年呈暖干化趋势。 相似文献
9.
华南夏季风降水开始日的异常与前冬大气环流和海温的关系 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用1951～2004年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及ERSST海温资料,研究了华南夏季风降水开始日期的变化特征及其与前期冬季大气环流和海温的关系。小波分析表明,夏季风降水开始日期具有明显的年际和年代际变化,年际变化以准2～3年变化为主,年代际变化周期约16年。华南夏季风降水开始偏早年在大气环流上的前兆信号表现为前期冬季乌拉尔山阻塞高压偏强、东亚大槽较深,阿留申低压偏强,冷空气活动偏强。冬季,鄂霍次克海附近的海温异常为华南夏季风降水开始迟早有物理意义的、稳定正相关前兆信号。合成分析表明,冬季鄂霍次克海附近SST正异常时,5月100 hPa青藏高压偏东偏北偏弱,异常偏西风控制华南;850 hPa环流在华南表现为东北风,华南受冷空气影响为主,华南夏季风降水开始日期偏晚。相反时,若冬季鄂霍次克海附近SST负异常,5月100 hPa青藏高压偏西偏南偏强,异常偏东风控制华南;850 hPa环流在华南表现为偏南风,华南受热带系统影响为主,华南夏季风降水开始日期偏早。并提出冬季中高纬度地区冷空气活动影响华南夏季风降水开始日异常的物理机制。 相似文献
10.
冬季负积温变化特征及其对冬小麦的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用唐山地区11个气象站1961~2005年冬季日平均气温资料,应用统计方法对唐山地区冬季负积温变化规律进行分析研究,得出以下结论:①唐山地区冬季负积温空间分布为北多、南次之、中部最少。②冬季负积温的年际变化呈现3个时段,20世纪60年中期到70年代初为冷冬时段,70年代中期到80年代末为冷冬与暖冬交替出现的过渡时段,90年代后至今为暖冬时段。③冬季变暖趋势北部最明显,南部次之,中部最不明显。针对冬季负积温变化特征,提出了对冬小麦生长的潜在影响。 相似文献
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12.
利用1989—2018年ERA5再分析资料,使用适用于欧亚大陆的冷锋两步客观识别算法,得到冬季冷锋活动数据集。在此基础上,分析了近30年来华北地区冬季冷锋的活动特征,并讨论了冷锋活动异常的可能成因。结果表明:（1）华北地区是东亚大陆上冬季冷锋频数最多、活动最强的区域,且华北地区冷锋活动强度有明显的年际变化;（2）华北地区冷锋活动强年,从北大西洋到欧亚大陆上空存在一个明显的欧亚遥相关（EU）波列正位相,华北地区上空500 hPa为负位势高度异常,表明东亚大槽增强,相应的西伯利亚高压偏强;（3）欧亚大陆北部边缘海区为异常暖平流时,华北地区冷空气活动增强,冷锋活动也增强;（4）大西洋北部的海面温度（SST）异常可能通过激发对流层中、上层的罗斯贝波,该罗斯贝波向东传播经欧洲—西西伯利亚传至中国华北地区,从而影响华北地区的冷锋活动强度。 相似文献
13.
China experienced significant flooding in the summer of 2020 and multiple extreme cold surges during the winter of 2020/21. Additionally, the 2020 typhoon season had below average activity with especially quiet activity during the first half of the season in the western North Pacific(WNP). Sea surface temperature changes in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans all contributed to the heavy rainfall in China, but the Atlantic and Indian Oceans seem to have played dominant roles. Enhancement and movement of the Siberian High caused a wavier pattern in the jet stream that allowed cold polar air to reach southward, inducing cold surges in China. Large vertical wind shear and low humidity in the WNP were responsible for fewer typhoons in the first half of the typhoon season. Although it is known that global warming can increase the frequency of extreme weather and climate events, its influences on individual events still need to be quantified.Additionally, the extreme cold surge during 16–18 February 2021 in the United States shares similar mechanisms with the winter 2020/21 extreme cold surges in China. 相似文献
14.
利用广东湛江1951—2018年逐日气温资料、NCEP再分析资料和NOAA重建海温资料,分析近67年湛江冬季极端低温事件的特征,对比分析1967年1月、1975年12月和2016年1月三次极端低温事件过程的天气要素和环流特征,从ENSO和北极涛动（AO）方面探讨形成极端低温的原因。研究表明:1951—2017年平均最低气温和极端最低气温均呈增暖趋势,且极端最低气温比平均最低气温增暖更快。湛江冬季极端最低气温受东亚冬季风南北一致型模态影响,东亚冬季风一致偏强时湛江极端最低气温偏低,其关键环流系统为乌拉尔山及其以东地区的高压脊、贝加尔湖以南地区的低压槽和西伯利亚高压。进一步分析表明,三次冷空气过程受ENSO和AO的影响不同,其中1967年冷空气受东部型拉尼娜和AO负位相共同影响,1975年冷空气主要受中部型拉尼娜影响,2016年冷空气则主要受AO负位相影响。三次过程均以偏西路冷空气活动为主,都表现出对流层中层东亚地区位势高度偏低、对流层低层异常北风和西伯利亚高压偏强的特征。但高空环流形势不同,1967年冷空气过程为高压脊发展型,预报关键是槽后脊的发展时间;1975和2016年冷空气过程环流形势均为横槽转竖型,预报关键是阻塞高压崩溃、横槽转竖时间。地面受冷空气影响时间与925 hPa温度平流有较好的对应关系,但由平流降温造成的过程最低气温与850 hPa冷平流强度对应,过程最低气温往往发生在850 hPa冷平流最强的次日,另外还要关注辐射降温作用对最低气温的影响。 相似文献
15.
The evolution of the tropospheric temperature fields over Indian and South China Sea monsoon areas and their thermal mechanisms are compared and analyzed during the period from March to June, 1996. The results show that the onsets of the Indian and South China Sea summer monsoons are closely associated with the seasonal warming in the troposphere over the zonal belt of 10°N～30°N in these areas, which leads to the inversion of meridional temperature gradient. During the pre-onset period, the warming over the South China Sea monsoon region is mainly due to the warm horizontal advection and diabatic (latent) heating processes. Meanwhile, the warming is suppressed by the vertical adiabatic process (cooling). In spring over the Indian monsoon region, the significant adiabatic heating due to the subsidence motion, which compensates the cooling due to the strong cold advection and diabatic cooling processes, results in a larger warming rate than over the South China Sea monsoon region. However, the meridional temperature gradient over the Indian monsoon region is so large during the late winter and early spring that it takes longer time to warm the troposphere to have the reversion of meridional temperature gradient than it does over the South China Sea monsoon region. It results in the phenomenon that the South China Sea summer monsoon generally breaks out earlier than the Indian summer monsoon. 相似文献
16.
利用1979～2019年NCEP-DOE再分析资料,分析了亚洲中纬度冬季极端低温事件发生频次与巴伦支—喀拉海异常增暖的联系及可能机制。研究表明:巴伦支—喀拉海异常增暖通常对应西伯利亚高压异常增强及亚洲中纬度极端低温频发。进一步分析发现,伴随巴伦支—喀拉海异常增暖,新地岛、乌拉尔山附近出现位势高度正异常,在位势高度正异常的东侧、南侧对应显著的冷平流及下沉运动异常,并在近地面出现异常辐散气流,使得西伯利亚高压增强且向东南延伸。热力学方程诊断的结果表明:西伯利亚高压异常南侧东北风导致的异常冷平流、偏东风异常经过地形造成的异常上升运动以及辐射、感热、潜热交换造成的异常非绝热冷却导致亚洲中纬度近地面温度季节循环振幅增大,有利于极端低温频发。 相似文献
17.
Satellite-derived rainfall estimates and the ERA-Interim reanalysis are used to better understand cold air surge/precipitation interactions and to identify the implications for rainfall variability in the Sahel and tropical Africa on synoptic to seasonal timescales. At the synoptic timescale, cold air surges are associated with cold conditions over the eastern Sahara throughout the year due to the eastward passage of surface low pressure systems over the Mediterranean and the subsequent ridging over northern Africa. Rainfall decreases over central and eastern Africa approximately 4–5 days after the cold air first arrives in northeastern Africa. These precipitation anomalies persist for 4 or more days. At the seasonal timescale, a significant relationship between eastern Saharan low-level temperatures and rainfall in the Sahel and tropical Africa is identified, with colder conditions associated with reduced convection on the northern flank of the primary convergence zone, and vice versa. During boreal winter, the anomalous rainfall occurs over tropical Africa (0°N–8°N). During the summer, rainfall anomalies associated with cold air surges occur over the Sahel (10°N–16°N). These relationships are mediated by anomalous anticyclonic flow over northwestern Africa and western Europe. The analysis shows that cold air surges are significantly associated with summertime cooling over the Sahara, but less so during the winter. 相似文献
18.
利用南疆塔里木盆地周边50个气象站1971年1月1日-2016年12月31日的最低气温资料,依据《冷空气等级标准》（GB/T20484-2006）,整理出塔里木盆地近46a来冷空气过程数据,采用合成、线性倾向估计、Morlet小波、Mann-kendall、滑动平均和累积距平检验等方法分析了单站及整个塔里木盆地冷空气频数的空间、时间变化特征。结果发现:（1）中等及以上等级冷空气高发地多分布于盆地西部的高原、北部的山区和东部的风口地带,单站各等级冷空气总体上呈线性减少趋势,整个塔里木盆地冷空气、寒潮减少趋势明显,递减率均为0.19次/10a,其余等级变化趋势不明显;（2）塔里木盆地冷空气年均103.2次,弱冷空气86.3次占总次数的83.6%,中等强度冷空气10.4次占10.1%,较强、强、寒潮分别为2.5、2.3、2.2次,合计占冷空气总次数的6.8%;（3）各等级冷空气持续1～3d的频率高达87.4～95.4%,弱冷空气持续1d的频率最高,其余等级持续2d的频率最高,3d及以上的频率随着持续时间的增加明显下降;（4）各等级冷空气的年代际频次变化不大,1970年代较强、强及寒潮频次最多,分别为2.8、2.4、2.9次,1980年代弱冷空气最多,达86.6次,近6a(2011-2016年)中等强度冷空气最多,达10.8次;（5）不同等级冷空气的出现具有较强的季节性,中等、较强冷空气夏季频率最高,分别占30.1%和57.9%,强冷空气春季最高,占到40.1%,寒潮冬季最高,占38.9%;（6）各等级冷空气均有8～10a的年际尺度周期,年代际周期却不一致,寒潮在1979年发生显著的减少突变。 相似文献
19.
利用1961—2017年东北地区164个气象站逐日气温、最低温度资料,按照《冷空气过程监测指标》行业标准,建立东北地区中等强度冷空气、强冷空气和寒潮历史数据集,采用气象统计学方法分析了东北冬季气温、中等强度冷空气、强冷空气和寒潮年际、年代际变化特征。结果表明:东北地区冬季气温呈显著上升趋势,趋势系数为0.45,通过了α=0.01的显著性检验,1960s最低,2010s达到最大值;东北地区冬季气温突变时间为1981年,突变前气温负距平为主,突变后气温波动变化明显;东北地区冬季冷空气过程以寒潮为主,冷空气出现日数、发生强度以12月最多、最强;冷空气趋势变化不显著,其中1961—1970强度最强,2001—2010年最弱;东北地区冬季气温突变后冷空气日数减少,强度减弱。 相似文献
20.
A projection of extreme climate events in the 21st century over east Asia using the community climate system model 3 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Chang-Hoi Ho Tae-Won Park Sang-Yoon Jun Min-Hee Lee Chang-Eui Park Jinwon Kim Suk-Jo Lee Yoo-Duk Hong Chang-Keun Song Jae-Bum Lee 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2011,47(4):329-344
A series of coupled atmosphere-ocean-land global climate model (GCM) simulations using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate System Model 3 (CCSM3) has been performed for the period 1870–2099 at a T85 horizontal resolution following the GCM experimental design suggested in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). First, a hindcast was performed using the atmospheric concentrations of three greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) specified annually and globally on the basis of observations for the period 1870–1999. The hindcast results were compared with observations to evaluate the GCM’s reliability in future climate simulations. Second, climate projections for a 100-year period (2000–2099) were made using six scenarios of the atmospheric concentrations of the three greenhouse gases according to the A1FI, A1T, A1B, A2, B1, and B2 emission profiles of the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. The present CCSM simulations are found to be consistent with IPCC’s AR4 results in the temporal and spatial distributions for both the present-day and future periods. The GCM results were used to examine the changes in extreme temperatures and precipitation in East Asia and Korea. The extreme temperatures were categorized into warm and cold events: the former includes tropical nights, warm days, and heat waves during summer (June–July–August) and the latter includes frost days, cold days, and cold surges during winter (December–January–February). Focusing on Korea, the results predict more frequent heat waves in response to future emissions: the projected percentage changes between the present day and the late 2090s range from 294% to 583% depending on the emission scenario. The projected global warming is predicted to decrease the frequency of cold extreme events; however, the projected changes in cold surge frequency are not statistically significant. Whereas the number of cold surges in the A1FI emission profile decreases from the present-day value by up to 24%, the decrease in the B1 scenario is less than 1%. The frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events year-round were examined. Both the frequency and the intensity of these events are predicted to increase in the region around Korea. The present results will be helpful for establishing an adaptation strategy for possible climate change nationwide, especially extreme climate events, associated with global warming. 相似文献