共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 157 毫秒
1.
为综合考虑温度、加载速率两个因素对花岗岩力学性质及破坏方式的影响,在实时高温（25～1 000 ℃）作用下利用MTS810电液伺服材料试验系统对岩样进行不同加载速率作用下的单轴压缩试验。研究结果表明：（1）各个温度点,岩样单轴压缩应力-应变曲线大致经历了压密、弹性、屈服、破坏4个阶段。岩样峰后曲线在加载速率为0.001～0.01 mm/s出现台阶型分段跌落状,在加载速率为0.01～0.1 mm/s呈现光滑、陡峭的连续曲线。（2）岩样峰值强度、弹性模量随温度的升高可分为4个阶段：25～200 ℃区间为缓慢上升段;200～600 ℃区间为快速下降段;600～800 ℃区间为缓慢上升段;800～ 1 000 ℃区间为平缓下降段。1 000 ℃时的峰值强度和弹性模量相对于25 ℃时分别降低了53.47%和64.34 %。峰值应变与温度呈现三次多项式拟合关系。（3）岩样峰值强度、弹性模量与加载速率对数均呈现二次多项式增长关系,加载速率为0.1 mm/s时的峰值强度和弹性模量相对于0.001 mm/s时分别提高了38.82%和37.22%。岩样峰值应变与加载速率没有明显的对应关系。（4）单轴压缩状态下,随着温度的升高,花岗岩变形破坏形式由拉剪破裂向锥形破裂并伴随向碎性流动过渡,失稳型式由突发失稳向渐进破坏过渡。同一温度状态下,加载速率对岩样的破裂形式没有明显影响,但失稳型式发生了变化。 相似文献
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花岗岩力学特性的温度效应试验研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过实时高温（常温～850 ℃）加载和高温（常温～1 200 ℃）后冷却再加载两种情况下的单轴压缩试验,对不同高温下花岗岩的力学性质进行了研究,分析了两种情况下单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、纵波波速、剪切滑移应变等随温度的变化规律,并研究了热-力耦合效应。研究结果表明：（1）在实时高温加载作用下单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随着温度升高而发生连续劣化;（2）高温作用冷却后再加载,花岗岩在常温～600 ℃区间峰值强度变化不大,800 ℃左右岩样强度突然降低;（3）纵波波速随加热温度的升高而逐渐降低;（4）剪切滑移应变在800 ℃之前相对较小,且变化不大,之后便迅速增大,表现出明显的塑性;（5）提出了热-力耦合因子的概念,并借助其提出了一维非线性热-力耦合本构模型,模型曲线和试验曲线较吻合。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2021,(4)
为了研究花岗岩在不同温度的多次高温-水冷循环作用下物理力学性质的损伤机制及演化规律,通过对花岗岩开展不同温度下高温-水冷循环试验、单轴抗压强度试验、超声波测试试验,分析研究了相关物理力学参数的变化规律,结果表明:(1)在相同温度作用下,随着高温-水冷循环次数的增加导致岩样内部裂隙的萌生和扩展,表现为花岗岩试样质量损失率的逐渐增加,抗压强度和弹性模量先下降、后小幅上升、最后持续下降。(2)在相同高温-水冷循环次数下,随着温度的增加,花岗岩试样的质量损失不断增加,抗压强度与弹性模量呈持续下降趋势。(3)温度对花岗岩的纵波波速影响较大,随着温度的增加,波速快速下降波幅变得不稳定。(4)温度的升高和高温-水冷循环次数的增加都使花岗岩的损伤程度增大,损伤变量增加。(5)随着温度与高温-水冷循环次数的增加,试样逐渐软化,单轴压缩破坏模式从张拉劈裂破坏向锥形剪切破坏过渡,破坏时表面的裂缝数逐渐增加,400℃之后出现树状裂缝并逐渐贯穿整个表面。可见花岗岩的物理力学性质在高温-水冷循环作用后将发生严重的劣化。 相似文献
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砂岩加卸载条件下能耗特征试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用MTS815刚性伺服试验机,对砂岩进行了单轴、三轴压缩和三轴峰后卸围压试验,对比研究了砂岩在加卸载试验条件下的能耗特征。结果表明,单轴压缩各能耗指标值均小于三轴压缩和三轴峰后卸围压,三轴峰后卸围压介于单轴与三轴压缩之间。三轴压缩和三轴峰后卸围压各能耗指标均具有明显的围压效应,随着围压的升高而线性增大。单轴压缩时砂岩表现为突发性的脆性破坏,初期储存的弹性应变能瞬间几乎全部转化为耗散能,成为岩样破坏时所表现出的一切现象的源动力;三轴压缩时砂岩表现为从局部破坏到整体失稳的渐进过程,耗散能所占吸收能量的比例越来越大,表现为明显的能量耗散,能量耗散发展到一定程度表现为明显的能量释放,随即岩石整体失稳破坏。 相似文献
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不同温度条件下饱水风化花岗岩强度及变形特性分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为研究温度和围压对风化花岗岩抗压强度、 剪切强度参数及变形特性的影响规律, 以新疆天山某一矿区的风化花岗岩为研究对象, 对不同温度（15、 -5、 -15 ℃）、 不同围压（0、 4、 7、 10 MPa）条件下的饱水风化花岗岩进行单轴和三轴压缩试验。结果表明： 相同温度条件下, 围压在0 ~ 10 MPa变化时, 风化花岗岩三轴抗压强度随围压线性增大。在相同围压下, 抗压强度随温度的降低而明显提高, 风化花岗岩的黏聚力c随温度降低而增大, 内摩擦角φ随温度的降低呈增长趋势。弹性模量随围压的增大不断提高, 但随着温度的降低, 增长幅度逐渐减小。泊松比也随温度降低和围压的增加呈增大趋势。温度和围压对风化花岗岩试样的破坏形态影响机制不同。温度降低使矿物颗粒及内部的微裂纹和间隙收缩, 进而胶结强度增大; 荷载和围压的增大会使岩石内部形成微裂隙并逐渐贯通, 同时孔隙冰破碎裂隙充分接触, 进一步增加摩擦力提高岩石强度。 相似文献
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为了探究川藏交通廊道沿线典型岩石冻融循环条件下的劣化规律,选取昌都-林芝段的花岗岩、片麻岩和砂岩为试验对象,开展冻融循环条件下岩石加卸荷试验,结果表明:（1）随着冻融循环次数的增加,岩石抗压强度损失率达30%,粘聚力降幅达18.4%,内摩擦角降幅达10.5%,弹性模量逐渐下降,泊松比逐渐增加;（2）三轴压缩试验中,岩样的变形模量呈现与抗压强度类似的劣化趋势,但是变形模量的劣化幅度比抗压强度劣化幅度大;冻融循环作用下岩石抗压强度越大劣化程度越低,对砂岩的劣化最明显,片麻岩次之,花岗岩最小;（3）与三轴压缩试验相比,在卸围压试验中,冻融循环作用对岩石的卸荷量同样有劣化作用,卸荷程度较小时岩石劣化并不明显,随着卸荷量的逐渐增加,卸荷量大于80%时,岩石的变形模量呈指数型下降,泊松比呈指数型增加;（4）随着冻融循环次数的增加,三轴压缩试验中由拉张和剪切破坏造成的裂纹数量增多;卸围压试验中岩石以拉张破坏为主;岩石微裂纹数量增加的同时,不平整度增加,矿物颗粒之间的胶结状态变差;（5）综合试验结果分析,冻融作用对岩石劣化作用最强的为砂岩,其次是片麻岩,最弱为花岗岩. 相似文献
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为了研究二氧化碳基增强型地热系统核心及邻近区域中超临界二氧化碳(ScCO2)作用对岩石力学性能的影响,设计了纯ScCO2与干燥花岗岩作用,ScCO2、水蒸气与干燥花岗岩作用,ScCO2与在水中浸泡了24 h后的花岗岩作用3种试验条件,每种试验条件下均开展了210、240、270℃温度下的试验。对ScCO2作用后的岩样以及一个未经处理的对比样先后开展纵波波速测试以及单轴压缩试验,获得了岩石的纵波波速、单轴抗压强度以及弹性模量。纵波波速试验结果表明,在上述3种试验条件下,花岗岩样的波速会都会发生一定程度的降低。单轴压缩试验结果表明,ScCO2作用后的岩石单轴抗压强度及弹性模量都几乎没有受到影响,但是从破坏模式看,未经处理的岩石以张拉破坏为主,处理后的岩石以剪切破坏为主,并且随着温度的升高剪切破坏越明显。试验结果说明,在不存在水或者仅有微量水存在的情况下,ScCO2的作用对岩石产生轻微损伤,岩样的刚性减弱、塑性增强,导致其纵波波速有少量的下... 相似文献
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针对深井、超深井钻遇的花岗岩地层,通过对花岗岩进行加温后纵波波速测量和常规三轴压缩试验,并基于所得到的试验结果研究不同温度后花岗岩的纵波波速和三轴压缩状态下的宏观力学特性,分析了花岗岩纵波波速、峰值应力、弹性模量、峰值应变与温度的关系;同时对三轴压缩条件下花岗岩的宏观破坏形式进行总结。研究结果表明,经过加温冷却后,花岗岩的纵波波速随着温度的升高呈降低趋势;同时,围压一定时,温度为20~200 ℃时,随着温度的升高,试样的峰值应力、弹性模量、峰值应变呈增大趋势,而在200~400 ℃,这些力学参数呈降低趋势。温度的升高,不仅会使得岩石内部的含水量逐渐减小,而且由于岩石内部矿物成分的热膨胀性不同等因素使得岩石内部产生附加热应力,从而使得岩石内部的初始裂纹发生扩展、贯通或产生新裂纹,进而影响井壁及围岩的稳定性。 相似文献
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对攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿尖山矿区的细粒和中粒辉长岩进行了单轴压缩、常规三轴压缩、抗拉强度和软化等系列岩石力学试验,研究了岩石结构(矿物颗粒大小)、水和围压等因素对岩石强度和变形特性的影响。结果表明,细粒辉长岩单轴抗压强度、弹性模量和压拉比均高于中粒辉长岩,但在三轴压缩情况下,两种岩石的峰值强度、残余强度和弹性模量差异较小;与中粒辉长岩相比,细粒辉长岩的峰值强度的黏聚力C较大,而峰值强度的内摩擦角φ较小;随着围压的增长,辉长岩峰值强度、残余强度与围压近似呈线性关系,剪切破坏角减小,平均模量E增长不明显,割线模量E50增长较显著;辉长岩的软化系数较高,在水的作用下弹性模量降低,泊松比升高。 相似文献
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三轴压缩条件下冻融单裂隙岩样裂缝贯通机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用岩石力学伺服试验机,对预制单裂隙模型试样进行冻融循环后的三轴压缩试验,基于冻融循环试验对裂隙岩体的冻融损伤劣化模式进行研究,探讨经历不同冻融循环次数后的裂隙岩样在三轴压缩条件下裂缝的贯通机制。试验发现：裂隙岩体的冻融损伤劣化模式有颗粒散落模式、龟裂模式和沿预制裂隙断裂模式3种;在三轴加载条件下,冻融裂隙岩样的贯通模式呈现拉贯通、剪贯通、压贯通和混合贯通4种;贯通模式和冻融循环次数、围压的大小以及裂隙倾角有关,随着冻融循环次数的增加和围压的升高,岩样表面的破裂线越来越多,导致裂纹的贯通模式由单一贯通转换为混合贯通,在围压为2、6 MPa时,岩样的破坏模式为拉-压贯通,而围压为4 MPa时,岩样主要呈现拉贯通,裂隙倾角为30°的岩样主要贯通模式为拉贯通,裂隙倾角为60°的岩样主要贯通模式为剪贯通。 相似文献
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通过对珊瑚骨架灰岩在不同围压条件下的声发射监测试验,获取珊瑚骨架灰岩三轴压缩力学特性及其声发射（AE）基本特征。研究表明,珊瑚骨架灰岩强度特性符合Mohr-Coulomb强度准则。珊瑚骨架灰岩在三轴压缩作用下的宏观破坏特征表现出较明显的围压效应,即单轴压缩表现为劈裂式张拉断裂面;随着围压的增大,由两级台阶式宏观断口逐渐过渡呈现为单斜面剪切带。珊瑚骨架灰岩在三轴压缩作用下的AE时序演化规律与其应力-应变曲线特征基本吻合,等效破坏时间所对应的累计振铃计数、累计能量计数与围压之间呈良好的对数函数关系。峰前累计振铃计数、累计能量计数在长期强度?cd之前表现出稳定的平缓现象,符合岩石的线弹性变形特征,并在约90%处呈现剧增现象,即为岩石内部微裂纹快速不稳定扩展的开始。珊瑚骨架灰岩在单轴压缩作用下的峰前能量演化规律与其应力?应变曲线特征基本吻合,峰前弹性能、峰前耗散能同样在约90%处出现转折现象。 相似文献
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Fissures in natural rocks play an important role in determining the strength, deformability and failure behavior of rock mass. However in the past, triaxial compression experiments have rarely been conducted for rock materials containing three-dimensional (3-D) fissures and the failure mechanical behavior of fissured rocks is not well known due to the difficulty of conducting triaxial experiments on fissured rocks. Therefore in this research, conventional triaxial compression experiments were performed to study the strength, deformability and failure behavior of granite specimens with one preexisting open fissure. Thirty-one specimens were prepared to perform conventional triaxial compression tests for intact and fissured granite. First, based on the experimental results, the effects of the confining pressure and the fissure angle on the elastic modulus and the peak axial strain of granite specimens are analyzed. Second, the influence of the confining pressure on the crack damage threshold and the peak strength of granite with respect to various fissure angles are evaluated. For the same fissure angle, the crack damage threshold and the peak strength of granite both increase with the confining pressure, which is in good agreement with the linear Mohr–Coulomb criterion. With increasing fissure angle, the cohesion of granite first increases and later decreases, but the internal friction angle is not obviously dependent on the fissure angle. Third, nine crack types are identified to analyze the failure characteristics of granite specimens containing a single fissure under conventional triaxial compression. Finally, a series of X-ray microcomputed tomography (CT) observations were conducted to analyze the internal damage mechanism of granite specimens with respect to various fissure angles. Reconstructed 3-D CT images indicate obvious effects of confining pressure and fissure angle on the crack system of granite specimens. The study helps to elucidate the fundamental nature of rock failure under conventional triaxial compression. 相似文献
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Conventional triaxial compression and “reducing confining pressure” experiments were carried out for red sandstone by an MTS815 Flex Test GT rock mechanics experimental system. Our results show that the post-peak axial deformation characteristics of red sandstone changed as the confining pressure was increased from 5 to 65?MPa. Young’s modulus of red sandstone increased nonlinearly with increasing confining pressure, but Poisson’s ratio remained unaffected. Using our new data, the compactive and dilatant behavior, strength and failure characteristics of sandstone under triaxial compression are further discussed. For our data, the nonlinear Hoek-Brown criterion better reflects the peak strength properties than the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. However, the residual strength shows a clear linear relationship with confining pressure, which can be best described using the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The peak and residual strengths were not directly related to the two different loading paths. The onset of dilatancy (C′), the switch from compaction-dominated to dilatant-dominated behavior (D′) and the stress at zero volumetric strain all increased linearly with the confining pressure. In our conventional triaxial compression experiments, the failure mode changed from mixed tension and shear fracture (single shear fracture) to shear fracture with double slippage planes with increasing confining pressure. However, the failure mode in our “reducing confining pressure” experiments was more complicated and results mainly from the unstable failure characteristics of the rock during the reduction in confining pressure. Finally, based on our acoustic emission (AE) locations, at a confining pressure of 35?MPa, a detailed analysis of the evolutionary process of internal cracks is presented for the entire loading process. 相似文献
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为研究北京富水砂卵石地层冻结后的强度特性,以北京某地铁暗挖车站砂卵石为研究对象,进行不同温度（?5、?10、?15、?20℃）,不同围压（0.0、0.3、0.8、1.3、2.0、3.0、4.0、8.0 MPa）条件下三轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：冻结砂卵石的应力-应变曲线以应变软化形态为主,高负温、高围压条件下,呈现理想塑性破坏形态;砂卵石强度、黏聚力和摩擦角均随温度降低而增大,其中强度呈指数分布,黏聚力和摩擦角呈线性分布;强度和弹性模量随围压增加而增大,但增大趋势逐渐减小,低围压压缩区强度满足线性Morh-Coulomb（简称M-C）准则;冻结砂卵石的破坏形态以破裂面始/终于试样侧面的剪切破坏为代表,张拉型破坏受冰影响显著,仅存在于低围压条件下,高围压、高负温时易出现体胀型破坏。 相似文献
17.
以凌海花岗岩为研究对象,进行了一系列常规三轴高压试验,研究了花岗岩的变形特点及脆性演化规律。基于试验结果,分析了不同围压下的全应力-应变曲线,探讨了静态应变采集试验中花岗岩表面变形特点、峰前损伤规律及其与裂隙扩展的关系,总结了动态采集试验中典型的裂纹扩展模式,并基于改进的峰后能量平衡法评价岩石的脆性。研究结果表明：多应变片静态采集三轴试验中岩样不同位置变形规律差异明显,压缩应变较大的区域往往是裂隙产生、扩展的位置;动态应变采集三轴试验中识别了3种典型的裂隙扩展模式,且与应力加载方式存在一定联系;在70 MPa围压范围内,岩样都表现出明显的脆性破坏特征,其脆性指数随围压增加呈现出先减小后增加再减小的变化趋势。该研究成果对进一步开展其他硬岩的变形破坏机制研究和地下工程的稳定性分析具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
18.
In this paper, firstly the mesoscopic elemental mechanical model for elastic damage is developed and implemented into the rock and tool interaction code (R-T2D). Then the failure processes of a heterogeneous rock specimen subjected to a wide variety of confining pressures (0–80 MPa) are numerically investigated using the R-T2D code. According to the simulated results, on the one hand, the numerical simulation reproduced some of the well-known phenomena observed by previous researchers in triaxial tests. Under uniaxial compression, rock failure is caused by a combination of axial splitting and shearing. Dilatancy and a post-failure stage with a descending load bearing capacity are the prominent characteristics of the failure. As the confining pressure increases, the extension of the failed sites is suppressed, but the individual failure sites become dense and link with each other to form a shear fracture plane. Correspondingly, the peak strength, the residual strength and the shear fracture plane angle increase, but the brittleness decreases. When the confining pressure is high enough, the specimen behaves in a plastic manner and a narrow shear fracture plane leads to its failure. The prominent characteristics are volume condensation, ductile cataclastic failure, and a constant load bearing capacity with increasing strain. On the other hand, the numerical simulation revealed some new phenomena. The highest microseismicity events occur in the post-failure stage instead of the maximal stress, and most of the microseismicity energies are released in the failure localization process. As the confining pressure increases, the microseismicity events in the non-linear deformation stage increase dramatically and the ratio between the energies dissipated at the non-linear deformation stage and those dissipated in the whole loading process increases correspondingly. Therefore, it is concluded that the developed mesoscopic elemental mechanical model for elastic damage is able to reproduce accurately the failure characteristics in loading rock specimens under triaxial conditions, and the numerical modelling can furthermore obtain some new clarifications of the rock fracture process. 相似文献