共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 287 毫秒
1.
我国华中地区稻田甲烷排放特征 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
本文主要讨论地处我国华中水稻生态区的湖南红壤稻田的CH4排放特征。稻田CH4排放的日变化都有一致的规律,即在下午16:00左右出现最大值;CH4排放的日变化幅度与天气条件和水稻植物体有关;CH4排放的日变化与温度日变化的相关性很好(R>0.90)。早稻和晚稻的CH4排放季节变化规律有明显的差别,这主要是由于早、晚稻水稻生长期间的天气特别是空气温度变化的差异引起的,早稻CH4排放率在水稻生长中期(6月)略大,而晚稻在水稻移栽后几天内CH4排放就达到整个季节中的最大值,以后随时间逐渐降低;缺水会使CH4排放率明显降低,而且在重新灌水后相当长时间内CH4排放率没有回升;CH4排放在全有机肥的田中最大,然后依次是常规施肥、全沼渣肥及化肥田;尿素、氯化钾和复合肥的多施可降低稻田CH4排放率;不同施肥田中CH4排放率的温度效应不同;施肥是控制CH4排放的一种可行手段;在整个晚稻生长季节中瞬时CH4排放率与瞬时温度呈明显的指数关系;在1991年双季水稻生长季节中,稻田中CH4的排放量为67.96 g·m-2,其中早稻的CH4排放率为0.36 g·m-2·d-1,晚稻为0.48 g·m-2·d-1。 相似文献
2.
1996至1997年5~9月在吉林省万昌试验区,利用箱式技术对水稻田甲烷(CH4)排放通量进行观测,取得了两个完整的水稻生长期内CH4排放资料,并收取了同期美国NOAA气象卫星资料,用陆地卫星专题图仪(TM)与气象卫星甚高分辨率扫描辐射计(AVHRR)数值计算研究区水稻种植面积,并通过遥感水稻空间长势,为各生育期的水稻做植被指数(Iv)分析结果表明,Iv与稻田CH4排放通量具有显著的相关关系,而亮温则不能作为CH4排放的指标因子。建立Iv与稻田CH4排放的关系,可计算出研究区域稻田CH4排放总量。 相似文献
3.
种植不同作物对农田N2O和CH4排放的影响及其驱动因子 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以种植玉米(Zea mays)、大豆(Glycine max)和水稻(Oryza sativa)的农田生态系统为研究对象,于2003年6~10月系统观测了N2O和CH4的排放、土壤温度和湿度以及相关的生物学因子。玉米和水稻分别施化肥氮300 kg.hm-2,大豆未施氮肥。研究结果表明,作物类型对农田N2O和CH4排放具有显著的影响。土壤-玉米系统、土壤-大豆系统和土壤-水稻系统的N2O季节性平均排放通量分别为620.5±57.6、338.0±7.5和238.8±13.6μg.m-2.h-1(N2O)。种植作物促进了农田生态系统的N2O排放,玉米地土壤和裸地土壤的N2O平均排放通量分别为364.2±11.7和163.7±10.5μg.m-2.h-1(N2O)。土壤-玉米系统、土壤-水稻系统、玉米地土壤和裸地土壤N2O排放受土壤温度的影响,与土壤湿度无显著统计相关,但受土壤温度和水分的综合影响。土壤-大豆系统N2O排放随作物绿叶干重的增加而指数增加,与土壤温度和水分条件无统计相关,由大豆作物自身氮代谢所产生的N2O-N季节总量约为6.2 kg.hm-2(N)。土壤-水稻系统CH4平均排放通量为1.7±0.1 mg.m-2.h-1(CH4),烤田抑制了稻田CH4的排放。烤田前影响稻田CH4排放的主要因素是水稻生物量,烤田后的浅水灌溉及湿润灌溉阶段的CH4排放与土壤温度和水稻生物量无关。本研究未观测到旱作农田有吸收CH4的现象。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
1990年7—9月,在浙江临安(30°14'N,119°42'E),利用微气象学(梯度廓线)法及箱式技术对水稻田CH4排放通量进行了同步观测,取得了中稻整个生长期内的CH4排放资料。文章仅对箱式技术的观测结果作了介绍与分析。观测发现在整个灌溉期内,稻田CH4释放率为3.67—16.14 mg/m2·h,均值为10.58 mg/m2·h。CH4排放的季节变化明显,日变化也同样很明显。另外还发现,CH4排放通量与水(地)温及其他气象因素,如强风、阴雨等有关。与梯度廓线法的观测结果不同,箱式观测到的CH4排放通 相似文献
7.
自然湿地甲烷排放模拟研究——模型的修正与验证 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以稻田甲烷排放模型(CH4MOD)框架为基础,基于稻田同自然湿地产甲烷底物、植物生长过程以及土壤氧化还原电位变化过程之间的差异,对模型进行了修改,建立自然湿地甲烷排放模型(CH4MODwetland)。利用三江平原淡水沼泽和若尔盖高原泥炭沼泽的甲烷排放观测数据对模型进行了验证。结果表明:模型可以有效地模拟三江平原沼泽甲烷排放的季节和年际变化特征,但是在若尔盖高原模拟效果欠佳;模拟和观测的甲烷排放季节总量在两地均有良好的一致性,线性相关系数R2为0.96(n=7,显著性水平p0.001);模拟值和实测值之间的均方根误差,平均偏差和模型效率分别为14.1%,-6.7%和0.95。 相似文献
8.
9.
太湖流域单季稻的甲烷排放研究 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16
根据1994~1996年太湖流域单季稻的CH4排放的观测资料,分析了该地区稻田CH4排放的日变化的一些统计特征,对排放的季节变化和年际变化及相关因子对排放的影响进行了分析和研究。结果表明:太湖地区单季稻的CH4排放的特征值为0.07~0.11 g/(m2·d),而且存在巨大的年际变化,其中1995年的排放是1994年和1996年的5~7倍。与NH4HCO3相比,施用尿素使甲烷的排放增加10%~70%。晒田使CH4的排放减少,土壤的扰动则使CH4的排放增加。文中对CH4的排放与水稻的生长的关系及温度的变化对排放的影响也进行了讨论。 相似文献
10.
稻田甲烷排放及产生、转化、输送机理 总被引:65,自引:1,他引:64
通过对中国五大水稻产区稻田甲烷排放的多年观测实验,描述了稻田甲烷排放的时空变化规律及特征并分析研究了其形成机理。稻田甲烷排放的日变化有四种类型,甲烷的传输效率是日变化形成的主要因素。稻田甲烷土壤中排放率的季节变化型式在不同的地区是不同的,这取决于气温变化、水稻品种、施肥及水管理等不同因素。甲烷产生主要发生在稻田土壤耕作还原层(2~20 cm),氧化主要发生在水土交界面的氧化层和根部氧化膜,并受多种因子的影响。土壤中的甲烷通过三个路径向大气排放,不同时期三个路径在甲烷传输中的相对重要性不同。施用化肥和沼渣肥可以降低土壤中甲烷的产生和排放,而有机肥会增加土壤中甲烷的产生和排放。中国的稻田每年向大气中排放9.67~12.66百万吨甲烷,全球稻田甲烷的总排放量约为35~56 Tg/a。 相似文献
11.
Model for Methane Emission from Rice Fields and Its Application in Southern ChinaDingAijuandWangMingxing(InstituteofAtmospher... 相似文献
12.
Methane Production, Emission and Possible Control Measures in the Rice Agriculture 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Wang Mingxing Shangguan Xingjian Shen Renxing Wassmann Reiner Seiler Wolfgang 《大气科学进展》1993,10(3):307-314
In the rice field methane is produced in the soil layer with depths of 2-25 cm. The vertical profile of methane production rate in the paddy soil during the water covering period differs from that in the paddy soil in dry phase. Only a small part, about 30%. of the produced methane is emitted to the atmosphere through rice plant, air bubbles, and molecular diffusion. Therefore, the methane emission rate from the rice field depends not only on the methane production rate in the soil, but also on the transport efficiency of the rice plant, air bubble formation that in turn depends on the production rate, and molecular diffusion.Field measurements show that methane emission rates from a particular rice field have very large diurnal, seasonal and interannual variations, which are related to soil characteristics, water regime, farming procedure, local climate, and rice growing activities. The relationship between the methane emission rate and the above mentioned factors is very complicated. The emission rate 相似文献
13.
中国南京与美国德克萨斯稻田甲烷排放的比较(英文) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
稻田甲烷排放试验分别在南京与德克萨斯水稻生长季实施,观测期内测定甲烷排放通量、上壤温度和水稻生物量。结果表明:南京稻田土镶温度的季节性变幅为15.3℃,甲烷排放通量与土壤温度成非线性正相关而与水稻生物量无关;德克萨斯稻田土壤温度的季节性变幅为的2.9℃,甲烷排放通量与土壤温度无关而与水稻生物量成线性正相关。由此得出结论:在持续淹水和无外源有机碳施加的条件下,土壤温度变幅大的地区驱动稻田甲烷排放季节性变化的关键因子为土壤温度,土壤温度变幅小的地区其关键驱动因子则为水稻的生长量。 相似文献
14.
中国南京与美国德克萨斯稻田甲烷排放的比较 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Field measurements of methane emission from rice paddies were made in Nanjing, China and in Texas, USA, respectively. Soil temperature at approximately 10 cm depth of the flooded soils was automatically recorded. Aboveground biomass of rice crop was measured approximately every 10 days in Nanjing and every other week in Texas. Seasonal variation of soil temperature in Nanjing was quite wide with a magnitude of 15.3℃ and that in Texas was narrow with a magnitude of 2.9℃. Analysis of methane emission fluxes against soil temperature and rice biomass production demonstrated that the seasonal course of methane emission in Nanjing was mostly attributed to soil temperature changes, while that in Texas was mainly related to rice biomass production. We concluded that under the permanent flooding condition, the seasonal trend of methane emission would be determined by the soil temperature where there was a wide variation of soil temperature, and the seasonal trend would be mainly determined by rice biomass production if there are no additional organic matter inputs and the variation of soil temperature over the rice growing season is small. 相似文献
15.
Summary The CH4 emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of CH4 emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of CH4 emission. Seasonal variation patterns of CH4 emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of CH4 production rate in the paddy soil explains well the CH4 emission. The role of rice plant in transporting CH4 varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of CH4 flux are not yet clear.Great spatial variation of the CH4 emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the CH4 emission and CH4 production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance CH4 emission and CH4 production in the soil. Any measures which can get off easily decomposed carbon from organic manure may reduce C supply for CH4 production, and hence reduce CH4 emission. Fermented sludges from biogas generators and farmyard-stored manure seem to be promising. In some parts of China, separate application of the organic and mineral manure instead of mixed application could be another option. Frequent Scientific drainage and ridge cultivation, which are often used water management techniques in Chinese rice agriculture, have been proved in the experiments to be a very efficient mitigation measures to reduce CH4 emission from rice fields.By summarizing the present available data, China's rice fields contribute about 13.3 Tg yr–1 (11.4–15.2) CH4 to the atmosphere. The total methane emission from global rice fields can be estimated 33–60 Tg yr–1, much less than the estimates made before.If we extrapolate the measured data in China with a consideration of measured data in other Asian country, the total global emission of CH4 from rice fields are estimated to be about 35–60 Tg yr–1
With 2 Figures 相似文献
16.
成都平原稻田甲烷排放的实验研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
任丽新 王庚辰 张仁健 段长麟 M. A. K. Khalil M. J. Shearer R. A. Rasmussen R. W. Dalluge 《大气科学》2002,26(6):731-743
根据1996~1999年四个稻季的观测资料,分析了成都平原单季稻甲烷排放的季节变化和年际变化特征.结果表明:在水稻生长季节甲烷排放通量变化很大,在分蘖期和成熟期一般会出现峰值.年际间的通量变化也很大,其年均排放通量的变化范围在2.35~33.95mg m-2 h-1之间.4年的平均排放通量为12 mg m-2 h-1,与四川乐山的7年平均值30mg m-2 h-1相比,存在着明显的地区差异.同时分析讨论了温度、施肥、水稻品种、土壤氧化还原电位(Eh)以及稻田水位等诸多因素对稻田甲烷排放的影响.结果表明:在成都平原水稻生长季节的平均气温对CH4的平均排放通量影响不大;而气温对CH4排放的日变化有相对重要的影响,但气温对甲烷排放日变化的影响与水稻植物体的生长阶段有关;发现了水稻植物体(根、茎、叶)重量对CH4排放的重要作用.讨论了合理使用肥料和施肥量,控制水位和Eh值对稻田CH4的减排作用,提出优化组合诸影响因子,以充分发挥其减排潜力. 相似文献
17.
主要介绍了近 2 0年来稻田甲烷排放的模式研究和排放量的估算以及减少稻田甲烷排放的措施。数值模式是估算稻田甲烷排放量的一条有效途径 ,模式的研究现在正处于发展阶段。介绍了几个主要的模型 ,既有物理过程模型也有经验模型。年排放量的估算范围为 6 79~ 4 1 4Tg ,随着技术的发展和大量实验的进行估算值的精度正得到不断的提高。减排措施是减少稻田甲烷排放的必要手段 ,但是目前的减排技术均处于研究阶段 ,应用还不成熟 相似文献
18.
农田生态系统温室气体排放研究进展 总被引:39,自引:0,他引:39
自1985年起,中国科学院大气物理研究所利用自行设计制造的自动观测仪器系统,历时十六年先后对我国四大类主要水稻产区的甲烷排放规律及其与土壤、气象条件和农业管理措施的关系进行了系统野外观测实验,并对稻田甲烷产生、转化和输送机理进行了理论研究,探讨了控制稻田甲烷排放的实用措施,建立了估算和预测稻田甲烷排放的数值模型.在甲烷排放的时空变化规律和转化率研究方面有一系列新的发现,在稻田甲烷产生率、排放率及其与环境条件的关系方面取得一系列新的成果,以充分证据改变了国际上关于全球和中国稻田甲烷排放总量的估算.在对稻田甲 相似文献