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1.
近50年云南省降雪的气候变化特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用云南省1961-2008年120个测站逐日降雪资料,分析了云南省降雪频次和范围的时空特征和气候变化.结果表明:近50年云南省的年降雪频次和范围总体呈减少趋势,平均每年频次约减少4.5频次.各月的降雪频次和范围都呈负趋势.12月降雪频次减少趋势最显著,4月降雪范围减少趋势最显著.降雪频次长期趋势变化有明显的空间变化.对于年降雪频次西北部比东北部和东部减少得多,滇西北降雪频次每年约减少0.44频次.进一步对云南省年降雪量和积雪深度的长期趋势变化进行分析.云南省近50年,降雪范围逐步减少,年降雪量和平均最大积雪深度呈增加的趋势.说明近年来在云南气候趋于暖湿背景下,年降雪频次和范围呈逐渐减少趋势,但强降雪的频次却增加了. 相似文献
2.
利用雨滴谱仪、多普勒天气雷达、微波辐射计、地面加密自动站、EC再分析资料及气候整编资料等多源观测资料,分析了2018年4月4—5日,北京地区罕见暴雪过程的极端性及形成机制。结果表明:(1)此次过程是北京地区4月首次出现纯雪日,降雪量和积雪深度均突破历史同期记录,1000～850 hPa温度标准化异常SD值均小于-3,日降雪量排在整个冷季的前5%,是一次极端天气过程。(2)低层强冷空气入侵形成冷垫,700 hPa强西南低空急流输送充沛水汽,使北京地区上空800～500 hPa产生条件性对称不稳定,暖空气在锋区以上的强上升运动触发不稳定能量,产生高架对流,局地雷达回波具有夏季对流单体的倾斜结构特征,有利于暴雪增幅。(3)降雪过程先后受到两次冷空气叠加影响,前期强冷空气持续剧烈降温导致低层温度偏低,使得温度达到降雪阈值,是此次极端降雪过程产生的主要原因。(4)微波辐射计监测显示,降雪的起止时间与逆温具有良好的对应关系,降水相态主要取决于1 km以下的温度变化。 相似文献
3.
M. Gaji?-?apka 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,105(1-2):181-191
The presence of snow along a portion of the Croatian highlands has enabled the development of winter tourism that is primarily oriented toward snow-related activities. Snow is more abundant and stays on the ground longer in the mountainous district of Gorski kotar (south eastern edge of the Alps) and on Mount Velebit (Dinaric Alps), which have elevations of up to 1,600?m and are close to the Adriatic coast than over the inland hilly region of north western Croatia where the summits are not more than approximately 1,000?m high. Basic information about the snow conditions at these locations was gathered for this study, including the annual cycle and probabilities for various snow parameters at different altitudes. As requested by the Croatian Ski Association, the relation between the air temperature and the relative humidity was investigated to determine the feasibility of artificial snowmaking. The snow parameters are highly correlated to air temperature, surface air pressure and precipitation, with certain differences occurring as a result of the altitude. Since the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century, winter warming and a significant increase in the mean air pressure (more anticyclonic situations) have been detected at all sites. Winter precipitation totals decreased at medium altitudes and increased at the summit of Mount Velebit, but these trends were not significant. The frequency of precipitation days and of snowfall decreased whereas an increasing fraction of the precipitation days at high altitudes involved solid precipitation. In contrast, a decreasing fraction of the precipitation days at medium altitudes involved solid precipitation, probably because of the different warming intensities at different altitudes. The mean daily snow depth and the duration of snow cover both slightly decreased at medium altitudes whereas the snow cover duration slightly increased at the mountainous summit of Mount Velebit. 相似文献
4.
基于全国气象台站逐日地面降雪观测数据,对我国25°N以北不同气候区强降雪事件的地理分布和年内旬、月变化等气候特征进行分析,并探讨1961—2008年其时间序列演变特征,及1961—2008年和1981—2008年 (气候变暖后) 气候变化趋势。结果表明:强降雪量和强降雪日数在青藏高原东部、新疆和东北北部最多;强降雪强度高值中心出现在云南。东北北部、华北、西北、青藏高原东部强降雪事件多发生于初冬和初春,年内分布呈双峰型;新疆和黄淮地区年内分布呈单峰型,前者多发生在隆冬时节,后者多发生于晚冬;1961—2008年东北北部、新疆、青藏高原东部平均强降雪量和强降雪日数呈明显增加趋势;气候变暖后我国大部年强降雪量增多,强降雪日数增加,强降雪强度增强。 相似文献
5.
利用1961—2019年冬季北疆45个国家站逐日降水观测资料,采用统计分析方法,对不同等级降雪的气候变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:近59 a北疆降雪日数、降雪量、降雪强度分别以0.41 d/10 a、3.13 mm/10 a、0.15(mm·d~(-1))/10 a的速率增加,其中降雪量对全年降水量的贡献以1.3%/10 a的速率增长。降雪日数、降雪量主要表现为中雪和大雪的增加,降雪强度主要表现为暴雪强度的增加。小雪对降雪日数、降雪量的贡献呈减少趋势,其余等级为增加趋势,以中雪降雪日和大雪降雪量的贡献最为明显。北疆降雪日数仅在1月表现为减少趋势,主要是小雪日数显著减少;冬季各月降雪量均表现为增加趋势,主要是中雪和大雪降雪量显著增加。21世纪前10 a是降雪日数和降雪量最多的时期,20世纪60年代和21世纪10年代是降雪日数较少的时期。北疆降雪量在1985年发生突变,突变后年平均降雪量增加了12.4 mm。对比丰雪年和枯雪年,丰雪年降雪量偏多主要是小雪以上等级降雪日数的增多。 相似文献
6.
近30年来我国雪量变化的初步探讨 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
本文根据2300多个地面气象台站资料,对近30年来我国雪量波动进行了监测与诊断研究。发现全国尺度的雪量变化趋势与全球平均气温成正相关,其年际波动与火山活动相位相反,多雪冬季与厄尼诺-南方涛动相同步。CO_2增温将加剧雪量分布的区域差异,导致北方平原、盆地积雪日数减少,青藏高原、高山地区和长江中下游降雪量增加。 相似文献
7.
基于1970—2019年内蒙古大兴安岭林区11个气象站逐日降水量和温度资料, 提取降雪数据, 采用趋势分析法、距平法、M-K突变法、滑动t检验法等, 分析了大兴安岭林区降雪的时空变化特征。结果表明: 大兴安岭林区总降雪量和各等级降雪量均呈增加趋势, 其中小雪和暴雪的降雪量增加趋势较小; 小雪和中雪量在21世纪00年代达到最大值, 大雪和暴雪量在21世纪10年代达到最大值; 各等级降雪量对总降水量的贡献率为小雪>中雪>大雪>暴雪; 各等级降雪量年内月变化均呈M型分布, 总降雪量高峰出现在11月; 总降雪量在1995年有显著突变, 小雪、中雪、大雪、暴雪降雪量无显著突变年份。空间上总降雪量和各等级降雪量(除暴雪外)大体呈北多南少、西多东少的变化趋势。大兴安岭林区降雪初始日呈延后趋势, 终止日呈提前趋势, 雪季长度呈每10 a缩短2.3 d的趋势。 相似文献
8.
Huaijun Wang Yaning Chen Shi Xun Dongmei Lai Yuting Fan Zhi Li 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,112(1-2):15-28
There has been a paucity of information on trends in daily climate and climate extremes, especially for the arid region. We analyzed the changes in the indices of climate extremes, on the basis of daily maximum and minimum air temperature and precipitation at 59 meteorological stations in the arid region of northwest China over the period 1960–2003. Twelve indices of extreme temperature and six indices of extreme precipitation are examined. Temperature extremes show a warming trend with a large proportion of stations having statistically significant trends for all temperature indices. The regional occurrence of extreme cool days and nights has decreased by ?0.93 and ?2.36 days/decade, respectively. Over the same period, the occurrence of extreme warm days and nights has increased by 1.25 and 2.10 days/decade, respectively. The number of frost days and ice days shows a statistically significant decrease at the rate of ?3.24 and ?2.75 days/decade, respectively. The extreme temperature indices also show the increasing trend, with larger values for the index describing variations in the lowest minimum temperature. The trends of Min Tmin (Tmax) and Max Tmin (Tmax) are 0.85 (0.61) and 0.32 (0.17)?°C/decade. Most precipitation indices exhibit increasing trends across the region. On average, regional maximum 1-day precipitation, annual total wet-day precipitation, and number of heavy precipitation days and very wet days show insignificant increases. Insignificant decreasing trends are also found for consecutive dry days. The rank-sum statistic value of most temperature indices exhibits consistent or statistically significant trends across the region. The regional medians after 1986 of Min Tmin (Tmax), Max Tmin (Tmax), warm days (nights), and warm spell duration indicator show statistically more larger than medians before 1986, but the frost days, ice days, cool days (nights), and diurnal temperature range reversed. The medians of precipitation indices show insignificant change except for consecutive dry days before and after 1986. 相似文献
9.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature extremes have been investigated in Huang-Huai-Hai (HHH) region based on the daily series of temperature observations from 162 meteorological stations. A total of 11 indices were used to assess the changes of temperature pattern. Linear trend analyses revealed that the daily maximum temperature (TXx) increased at α = 0.05 level with a magnitude of 0.15 °C per decade on the regional scale during the period of 1961–2014. More pronounced warming trend of the daily minimum temperature (TNn) was detected at a rate of 0.49 °C per decade (α = 0.01 level). Consequently, a decreasing trend of the temperature range of TXx and TNn (extreme temperature range) was observed. The frequency of hot days (TXf90) and annual average of warm events (warm spell duration indicator, WSDI) showed significant increasing trends, while that of cold nights (TNf10) and cold events (cold spell duration indicator, CSDI) showed opposite behaviors. Both warm winter (W-W) and hot summer (H-S) series displayed significant increasing trends at α = 0.01 confidence level. The cold winter (C-W) series showed a decreasing trend at α = 0.01 confidence level, while the cool summer (C-S) series showed a nonsignificant decreasing trend that is not passing the 90% confidence level (α = 0.1). Abrupt increments of warmrelated extremes (TXx, TXf90, WSDI) have been detected since 1990s, and a steadily decreasing trend of cold related extremes (TNf10, CSDI) was found since 1970s. Ten hot summers out of 11 and nine warm winters out of 10 occurred after 1990s. Altitude has a large impact on spatial pattern of extreme temperature indices, and the urban heat island effect also has an impact on amplitude of variation in extreme temperature. Trend magnitudes are significantly larger at sites with high altitudes for warmrelated indices (TXx, TXf90, WSDI), while those involving cold-related indices (TNn, TNf10) are remarkably larger for stations with low altitudes. 相似文献
10.
黔东南近40年水稻安全生长期的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用贵州省黔东南16个观测站点1961~2000年的逐日平均气温记录,分析了黔东南1961~2000年水稻安全生长期的变化趋势。结果表明,在近40年中,黔东南水稻安全生长期缩短了7.0天,400m以下高度层缩短了10.6天,400~600m高度层缩短了6.4天,600~800m高度层增加了1.4天,800m以上高度层缩短了4.8天。20世纪80年代是黔东南水稻安全生长期缩短最明显的时期,1980年是黔东南1961~2000年中水稻安全生长期最短的年份。从水稻安全生长期变化趋势的不同高度层差异看,黔东南600~800m高度层上有不明显的延长趋势,600m以下和800m以上高度层上有明显的缩短趋势。 相似文献
11.
A second generation adjusted precipitation daily dataset has been prepared for trend analysis in Canada. Daily rainfall and snowfall amounts have been adjusted for 464 stations for known measurement issues such as wind undercatch, evaporation and wetting losses for each type of rain-gauge, snow water equivalent from ruler measurements, trace observations and accumulated amounts from several days. Observations from nearby stations were sometimes combined to create time series that are longer; hence, making them more useful for trend studies. In this new version, daily adjustments are an improvement over the previous version because they are derived from an extended dataset and enhanced metadata knowledge. Datasets were updated to cover recent years, including 2009. The impact of the adjustments on rainfall and snowfall total amounts and trends was examined in detail. As a result of adjustments, total rainfall amounts have increased by 5 to 10% in southern Canada and by more than 20% in the Canadian Arctic, compared to the original observations, while the effect of the adjustments on snowfall were larger and more variable throughout the country. The slope of the rain trend lines decreased as a result of the larger correction applied to the older rain-gauges while the slope of the snow trend lines increased, mainly along the west coast and in the Arctic. Finally, annual and seasonal rainfall and snowfall trends based on the adjusted series were computed for 1950–2009 and 1900–2009. Overall, rainfall has increased across the country while a mix of non-significant increasing and decreasing trends was found during the summer in the Canadian Prairies. Snowfall has increased mainly in the north while a significant decrease was observed in the southwestern part of the country for 1950–2009. 相似文献
12.
利用1961～2012年中国1400个站点逐日积雪增量、积雪日数和气温稳定通过0℃日数资料,对我国积雪时空变化特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：我国积雪主要分布在新疆北部地区、东北和内蒙古东北部地区及青藏高原地区,年积雪增量均超过50era;在年代际变化中,1991～2000年我国大部分地区积雪增量偏少;在对我国5个区域的趋势分析中,新疆北部地区、东北和内蒙古东北部地区积雪量有显著增加趋势,积雪日数的变化趋势均不显著,气温稳定通过0oC日数均呈显著减少。 相似文献
13.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SNOW MASS VARIATIONS IN CHINA OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 李培基 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,(2)
Daily snow data for 2300 climate stations covering the period from 1951 through 1980 have been used to monitorand diagnose secular variations,year-to-year fluctuations,and the spatial characteristics of snow variation trends inChina.An examination of time series reveals that there is a strong teleconnction to ENSO,to major volcanic eruptions,as well as to the CO_2-induced warming.The country-wide snow mass variations are positively correlated with globalmean temperature,increasing during the current warming period and decreasing during the recent cooling period priorto the mid 1960s.A synchronous relationship exists between El Nino/Southern Oscillation and snowy winter in China.The year-to-year snow fluctuations seem to be generally out of phase with volcanic activity.The anomaly map showsthat snow mass increased in high altitudes and moist regions,while it decreased in arid lowland and the southern bounda-ry zone during the warming period.The potential CO_2-induced changes in snow mass will further aggravate the regionaldifferentiation between high mountains and lowlands,between moist and arid regions.The number of snow cover dayswill decrease in the northern lowlands,and snowfall will increase in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,high mountains,andthe lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River. 相似文献
14.
Feng-qing Jiang Ru-Ji Hu Shao-Ping Wang Yan-Wei Zhang Li Tong 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,111(1-2):133-148
The spatial–temporal variability of the precipitation extremes defined by eight precipitation indices based on daily precipitation dataset was analyzed using the linear regression method and the Mann–Kendall test. The results indicate that increasing trends in the precipitation amount, rainy days, and the intensity of the extreme precipitation were identified at above 70 % of the total rain stations considered in this study, with more than 30 % of them were significant, while most stations show notable decreasing trend in the annual maximum consecutive no-rain days. Significantly increasing trends of the precipitation extremes are observed mainly in the northern Xinjiang and the north of the southern Xinjiang. Most extreme precipitation indices show a potential regime shift starting from the middle of 1980s. The magnitude of the trends is compatible with their pattern of spatial stability. The generally increasing trends in precipitation extremes are found in this study. 相似文献
15.
Li Peiji 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,6(2):231-237
Daily snow data for 2300 climate stations covering the period from 1951 through 1980 have been used to monitor and diagnose secular variations,year-to-year fluctuations,and the spatial characteristics of snow variation trends in China.An examination of time series reveals that there is a strong teleconnction to ENSO,to major volcanic eruptions,as well as to the CO2-induced warming.The country-wide snow mass variations are positively correlated with global mean temperature,increasing during the current warming period and decreasing during the recent cooling period prior to the mid 1960s.A synchronous relationship exists between El Nino/Southern Oscillation and snowy winter in China.The year-to-year snow fluctuations seem to be generally out of phase with volcanic activity.The anomaly map shows that snow mass increased in high altitudes and moist regions,while it decreased in arid lowland and the southern boundary zone during the warming period.The potential CO2-induced changes in snow mass will further aggravate the regional differentiation between high mountains and lowlands,between moist and arid regions.The number of snow cover days will decrease in the northern lowlands,and snowfall will increase in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,high mountains,and the lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River. 相似文献
16.
利用1961-2005年青海南部牧区气象台站观测的气温、降水、积雪资料,用气候诊断方法分析了该地区积雪等气候要素的年代际演变特征以及雪灾变化的成因。结果表明：20世纪60-90年代冬季青海南部牧区中雪和大雪出现的站次以及雪灾出现的站次有逐步增多的趋势,降雪量和地表平均积雪量每10 a分别增加1. 253 mm和8.246 cm,单站积雪量在海拔4100 m左右的高度上增加比较明显,其变化是由气候的年代际波动引起的。 相似文献
17.
Long-term snow and weather observations at Weissfluhjoch and its relation to other high-altitude observatories in the Alps 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Snow and weather observations at Weissfluhjoch were initiated in 1936, when a research team set a snow stake and started digging snow pits on a plateau located at 2,540?m asl above Davos, Switzerland. This was the beginning of what is now the longest series of daily snow depth, new snow height and bi-monthly snow water equivalent measurements from a high-altitude research station. Our investigations reveal that the snow depth at Weissfluhjoch with regard to the evolution and inter-annual variability represents a good proxy for the entire Swiss Alps. In order to set the snow and weather observations from Weissfluhjoch in a broader context, this paper also shows some comparisons with measurements from five other high-altitude observatories in the European Alps. The results show a surprisingly uniform warming of 0.8°C during the last three decades at the six investigated mountain stations. The long-term snow measurements reveal no change in mid-winter, but decreasing trends (especially since the 1980s) for the solid precipitation ratio, snow fall, snow water equivalent and snow depth during the melt season due to a strong temperature increase of 2.5°C in the spring and summer months of the last three decades. 相似文献
18.
选取青藏高原东部地区1967~2010年61个测站的积雪数据,分析比较了整年和不同季节高原积雪的年代际变化特征及其与降雪和气温的关系,结果表明:除了秋季以外,高原东部积雪表现出“少雪-多雪-少雪“的显著年代际变化特征,80年代末发生的由少到多突变仅在冬季积雪中表现显著,20世纪末发生的由多到少突变在冬春两季积雪中均表现显著;降雪和气温的变化是影响高原东部积雪的重要因素,降雪变化的影响更加显著,尤其是秋季降雪;在冬春季降雪偏多时段,降雪的变化主导着积雪的变化;在冬春季降雪偏少时段,气温变化的影响增大,某些时段会超过降雪,甚至达到主导积雪变化的程度。 相似文献
19.
Global climate models predict that terrestrial northern high-latitude snow conditions will change substantially over the twenty-first century. Results from a Community Climate System Model simulation of twentieth and twenty-first (SRES A1B scenario) century climate show increased winter snowfall (+10–40%), altered maximum snow depth (?5 ± 6 cm), and a shortened snow-season (?14 ± 7 days in spring, +20 ± 9 days in autumn). By conducting a series of prescribed snow experiments with the Community Land Model, we isolate how trends in snowfall, snow depth, and snow-season length affect soil temperature trends. Increasing snowfall, by countering the snowpack-shallowing influence of warmer winters and shorter snow seasons, is effectively a soil warming agent, accounting for 10–30% of total soil warming at 1 m depth and ~16% of the simulated twenty-first century decline in near-surface permafrost extent. A shortening snow season enhances soil warming due to increased solar absorption whereas a shallowing snowpack mitigates soil warming due to weaker winter insulation from cold atmospheric air. Snowpack deepening has comparatively less impact due to saturation of snow insulative capacity at deeper snow depths. Snow depth and snow-season length trends tend to be positively related, but their effects on soil temperature are opposing. Consequently, on the century timescale the net change in snow state can either amplify or mitigate soil warming. Snow state changes explain less than 25% of total soil temperature change by 2100. However, for the latter half of twentieth century, snow state variations account for as much as 50–100% of total soil temperature variations. 相似文献
20.
青藏高原区域性积雪增量序列及其变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用青藏高原83个气象台站的逐日积雪观测资料,充分考虑每次降雪过程所引起的积雪变化,建立了该地区1960-2007年度的区域性积雪增量序列,并讨论了其长期变化特征.结果表明:(1)积雪增量序列具有其他积雪参数指标的代表性,又较其他积雪参数指标序列有明显的统计学优点.(2)在48个年度里,1960-1966年度青藏高原区域性积雪增量处于负位相,1967-1998年度为多雪的正位相,1999-2007年度又为少雪的负位相,其中1998年度是个具有显著性的突变点. 相似文献