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1.
利用常规地震剖面精细解释小断层和低幅度构造存在较大困难.本文利用纵波和横波速度模型对采集得到的二维地震数据进行叠前Kirchhoff积分偏移得到纵波和转换横波深度和时间剖面,根据不同分量的深度和时间剖面联合解释小断层与低构造.深度剖面克服了时间剖面受地层厚度和地层速度共同制约的缺点,有利于识别低幅度构造.纵波（P）剖面与转换横波（PS）剖面相比有利于识别层间小断裂.我们对准噶尔盆地实际地震资料的处理和解释证实了这些优点. 相似文献
2.
煤矿高产高效安全生产地质保障体系要求探明煤矿微小构造,相干体技术利用计算机分析检测三维地震数据体中相邻道之间地震信号的相似性,比常规解释方法更有利于小断层等小构造的识别;相干技术算法中C3比C1、C2两种相干算法在断层识别和边缘检测上具有更高的水平分辨率和垂直分辨率;相干体技术与地震属性技术、图象处理技术联合使用,形成煤田地震资料解释的新模式,能够更好地解决煤矿生产中遇到的构造、岩性等实际问题,极大提高三维地震成果的使用效率和应用水平;相干体技术在许厂、梁家等煤矿中应用取得了良好效果. 相似文献
3.
谱分解和C3相干联合识别煤层小断层研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C3相干具有较好的煤层小断层识别能力,但其易受随机噪声的影响,在信噪比较低的情况下容易产生假异常.另一方面,基于S变换的谱分解可以提高地震资料的时频分辨率,并对随机噪声具有一定的压制作用.为提高煤矿采区煤层小断层解释精度,结合谱分解技术与C3相干技术,以提高煤层小断层的解释精度和可靠性.本文分别利用正演剖面和实际三维地震数据,对所提出的方法进行了验证.首先建立了含不同落差的单一煤层模型,利用正演模拟方法获得了其正演剖面和含白噪声剖面.对于这两类剖面,利用S变换获得了其对应于不同频率的谱分解剖面.通过沿煤层反射波提取C3相干属性,获得了不同剖面所对应的C3相干值.对于无噪声地震剖面来说,文中所述方法能明显提高小断层的识别率;对于含白噪声的地震剖面来说,文中所述方法能显著提高所有落差断层的识别率,并基本克服了C3相干算法在低信噪比低情况下容易产生假异常的缺点.将文中所述方法应用到济宁二号煤矿15301工作面的实际三维地震数据中,发现较高频段的谱分解剖面所计算的C3相干同样比常规剖面所计算的C3相干有更好的小断层识别能力.对于煤系地层地质构造较简单的采区来说,利用较高频段谱分解剖面计算的C3相干对落差小于3m的小断层有明显反映.经过井巷工程的实际验证,所解释小断层的可靠性和精度都较高.但当煤系地层地质构造较复杂时,识别落差小于3m小断层的难度较大,还需进一步研究.总之,将谱分解技术和C3相干技术相结合,利用较高频段谱分解剖面计算C3相干,能够明显压制低信噪比所产生的假相干异常,提高煤层小断层的识别精度和可靠性. 相似文献
4.
鄂托克前旗地区发育的小断层在以往勘探过程中常被忽略,导致钻探成功率普遍较低.本文首次对该地区小断层进行识别研究,为提高小断层解释精度,建立了一套二、三维地震联合解释的小断层识别技术,包括:建立正演模型提供理论指导;优选多种属性提高小断层识别精度;以三维解释成果和地质认识为指导,利用三维可视化技术、层拉平技术进行二维地震资料解释.应用上述技术在鄂前旗地区共解释断层56条,小断层走向分为NEE(近E-W)、NE、NNE三组,多呈高角度或近直立,垂直断距小于30 m.高产气井和小断层位置匹配较好,分析认为小断层沟通源储、为天然气运移提供通道,同时改善砂体储层孔渗物性,从而控制气藏的空间分布. 相似文献
5.
断层解释是地震资料解释的基础与关键,准确合理的断层识别关系到构造图的精度,同时控制着油田的注采关系,对油气开采起着至关重要的作用.随着油田对断层解释精度需求的日益提高,单纯通过人工解释难以达到较高的精度,因此多种断层识别和解释方法应运而生.本文调研国内外大量相关文献,对多种断层识别方法进行分类和总结,并将常用的断层识别技术划分为四类,即:常规识别方法、地震属性识别方法、自动追踪解释方法和图像处理识别方法.重点介绍了目前应用较为广泛的断层识别方法,如相干体技术、曲率属性识别技术、方差体技术、蚂蚁追踪技术以及边缘检测技术.对每种方法的基础原理、发展历程、适用性、优缺点及实际应用效果进行了归纳总结,为其他学者进行断层识别方法研究提供参考.最后对断层识别技术未来的发展趋势做了几点展望:寻找新的对断层具有明显响应的地震属性;针对不同岩性,不同沉积环境下断层识别技术的应用;基于叠前地震数据的断层识别方法. 相似文献
6.
复杂断块油藏是一种常见的陆相沉积油藏,在我国陆上和近海多有分布.涠A油田作为近海复杂断块油气藏,其显著特点是断层复杂、储层非均质性强、储层分布及连通性复杂,致使地震成像不清,给后续的油藏和开发带来极大的困难.针对上述问题,从地震资料成像处理技术和解释性成像处理技术方面展开研究和攻关,在成像方面,提出了叠前成像处理及目标成像处理的理念和思路,并在此基础上,发展了叠前各向异性深度偏移、优势道叠加、面元中心化偏移、叠后分频成像、扩散滤波和方向金字塔滤波等一系列技术和方法,取得了很好的效果.在断层解释中,建立了以下的断层解释方法及解释流程:在扩散滤波数据体上进行相干、倾角、方位角检测,沿着相干方向进行方向金字塔处理,从断层的平面解释出发指导断层的剖面识别,从而提高小断层的识别能力.形成了一套复杂断块油田地震成像关键技术,对油田下一步的开发部署调整具有重要的指导意义,对其它类似油田的生产开发也具有重要的参考作用. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2015,(5)
卡拉套(Karatau)走滑断层是中亚地区南图尔盖盆地的控盆断层,对盆地油气的运移、聚集和圈闭形成有重要的控制作用.走滑断层的结构识别和准确解释是研究断层相关圈闭的基础.本文利用三维地震资料,通过对走滑断层剖面地质特征的分析,识别了包括花状构造、海豚效应、丝带效应、断层两盘差异化的地层产状等走滑断层典型标志.针对走滑断裂带资料成像差的特点,采用构造导向滤波技术有效的提高了断面之间的地层连续性,突出了主干断层和羽状断层的清晰度.以构造导向滤波数据体为基础的相干体断层属性清楚的表征了走滑断裂带的平面发育特征;相干体属性和构造导向滤波数据体的融合体切片将断面属性和地层属性融合,有利于分析断块结构.卡拉套走滑断裂纵向上为双层花状构造,平面上主干断层多段式分布、分支羽状断层呈雁形排列. 相似文献
9.
《地球物理学进展》2020,(3)
低序级断层是复杂断块油藏勘探开发的重要研究内容,对油田开发后期落实剩余油分布、解决注采矛盾具有重要意义.本文采用声波方程有限差分正演模拟,对以下几种情形进行了研究:(1)低序级断层与埋深、主频以及信噪比之间的关系;(2)观测系统对断层的影响;(3)物性差异产生的假断层问题;(4)大断层衍生出小断层的正演问题;(5)断层破碎带的影响以及断层封堵带含流体的影响.在上述理论模型正演分析的基础上,根据胜利油田典型构造带的地震剖面建立速度模型,研究了不同组合模式的低序级断层的识别能力,最后分析了波动方程正演模拟和褶积合成地震记录的区别.通过对低序级断层正演模拟特征的分析,得出了不同资料质量、不同地质情况以及不同组合模式下,能够准确识别的断层的极限.理论上能够识别的断层最小断距为7 m左右,最小可能会达到5 m,子波主频适当提高,数据采集时炮点和检波点越密集,道间距越小,多个断层的横向或纵向间隔越大,断层的落差越大时,越能够准确地定位断点并确定断层位置.本文研究成果对油田科研生产中低序级断层的正确判别以及提高断层检测方法的可信度方面具有重要意义. 相似文献
10.
随着勘探的深入,现在的很多勘探目标都是断裂体系非常发育的圈闭,这样针对圈闭里断层的识别和刻画就变得尤为重要。通过对尼日尔三角洲盆地深水区的复杂断裂圈闭的研究认为:（1）利用分频超道数据体估计结构倾角,将相干体分析方法与超道技术相结合,可使大型断层成像更为清晰。（2）利用小断层主频段地震数据,对不同尺度的体曲率数据进行融合,可显著提高小断层的识别能力。（3）利用梯度矢量来描述地质体的倾角和方位,可剥除大倾角地层信息,使断层成像更为清晰。（4）本技术方法在研究区取得了比较好的效果,各类特征的断层能够清晰识别,降低了断裂系统解释的多解性。（5）本技术体系对其他类似区域的断层识别具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
11.
基于局部直方图规定化的相干体增强 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Coherence analysis is a powerful tool in seismic interpretation for imaging geological discontinuities such as faults and
fractures. However, subtle faults or fractures of one stratum are difficult to be distinguished on coherence sections (time
slices or profiles) due to interferences from adjacent strata, especially these with strong reflectivity. In this paper, we
propose a coherence enhancement method which applies local histogram specification (LHS) techniques to enhance subtle faults
or fractures in the coherence cubes. Unlike the traditional histogram specification (HS) algorithm, our method processes 3D
coherence data without discretization. This method partitions a coherence cube into many sub-blocks and self-adaptively specifies
the target distribution in each block based on the whole distribution of the coherence cube. Furthermore, the neighboring
blocks are partially overlapped to reduce the edge effect. Applications to real datasets show that the new method enhances
the details of subtle faults and fractures noticeably. 相似文献
12.
APPLYING 3D INVERSION OF SINGLE-PROFILE MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA TO IDENTIFY THE SHADE AND YUNONGXI FAULTS 
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下载免费PDF全文 JIANG Feng CHEN Xiao-bin DONG Ze-yi CUI Teng-fa LIU Zhong-yin WANG Pei-jie 《地震地质》2019,41(6):1444-1463
Many synthetic model studies suggested that the best way to obtain good 3D interpretation results is to distribute the MT sites at a 2D grid array with regular site spacing over the target area. However, MT 3D inversion was very difficult about 10 years ago. A lot of MT data were collected along one profile and then interpreted with 2D inversion. How to apply the state-of-the-art 3D inversion technique to interpret the accumulated mass MT profiles data is an important topic. Some studies on 3D inversion of measured MT profile data suggested that 2D inversions usually had higher resolution for the subsurface than 3D inversions. Meanwhile, they often made their interpretation based on 2D inversion results, and 3D inversion results were only used to evaluate whether the overall resistivity structures were correct. Some researchers thought that 3D inversions could not resolute the local structure well, while 2D inversion results could agree with the surface geologic features much well and interpret the geologic structures easily. But in the present paper, we find that the result of 3D inversion is better than that of 2D inversion in identifying the location of the two local faults, the Shade Fault(SDF)and the Yunongxi Fault(YNXF), and the deep structures.
In this paper, we first studied the electrical structure of SDF and YNXF based on a measured magnetotelluric(MT) profile data. Besides, from the point of identifying active faults, we compared the capacity of identifying deep existing faults between 2D inversion models and 3D models with different inversion parameters. The results show that both 2D and 3D inversion of the single-profile data could obtain reasonable and reliable electrical structures on a regional scale. Combining 2D and 3D models, and according to our present data, we find that both SDF and YNXF probably have cut completely the high resistivity layer in the upper crust and extended to the high conductivity layer in the middle crust. In terms of the deep geometry of the faults, at the profile's location, the SDF dips nearly vertically or dips southeast with high dip angle, and the YNXF dips southeast at depth. In addition, according to the results from our measured MT profile, we find that the 3D inversion of single-profile MT data has the capacity of identifying the location and deep geometry of local faults under present computing ability. Finally, this research suggests that appropriate cell size and reasonable smoothing parameters are important factors for the 3D inversion of single-profile MT data, more specifically, too coarse meshes or too large smoothing parameters on horizontal direction of 3D inversion may result in low resolution of 3D inversions that cannot identify the structure of faults. While, for vertical mesh size and data error thresholds, they have limited effect on identifying shallow tectonics as long as their changes are within a reasonable range. 3D inversion results also indicate that, to some extent, adding tippers to the 3D inversion of a MT profile can improve the model's constraint on the deep geometry of the outcropped faults. 相似文献
13.
Three-dimensional coherent cube is an extremely effective new technique for interpreting seismic data. It has obvious advantages in many aspects compared with the conventional 3D data volume, such as recognizing faults and fractures, interpreting ancient channels, and edge detection of oil-gas reservoir. Coherent cube is to condense and extract information around a certain point in 3D data volume, and then highlight the original characteristics of the geologic body at this point. Therefore, in terms of its essence, coherent cube is a special seismic attribute cube and those points having rather small coherent value are related to the discontinuity of geologic body. In practical production, people often interpret horizontal slices or layer slices of coherent cube, and this provides advantageous foundations for resolving special problems in oil-gas exploration. 相似文献
14.
Recent high-resolution deep seismic reflection profile across the Kunlun fault in northeastern Tibet shows clearly that the Moho is cut off by a complex thrust fault system. Moho offset is a general phenomenon, but little is known about the dynamic mechanism. In this study, contact models with Maxwell materials are used to simulate the mechanical process of Moho offset induced by the aseismic slip of deeply buried faults. Based on the seismic reflection data, we project a single fault model and a complex fault system model with two faults intersecting. The deformations of the Moho, the aseismic slips, and contact stresses on faults in different models are discussed in detail. Results show that the Moho offset might be produced by aseismic slip of deeply buried faults, and the magnitude is influenced by the friction coefficient of faults and the viscosity of the lower crust. The maximum slip occurs near the Moho on the single fault or at the crossing point of two intersecting faults system. Stress concentrates mainly on the Moho, the deep end of faults, or the crossing point. This study will throw light on understanding the mechanism of Moho offset and aseismic slip of deeply buried faults. The results of complex fault system with two faults intersecting are also useful to understand the shallow intersecting faults that may cause earthquakes. 相似文献
15.
The semi‐automated detection of objects has been quite successful in detecting various types of seismic object, such as chimneys. The same technique can be applied successfully to detect faults in 3D seismic data. We show that several different attributes – among others, similarity, frequency and curvature, all of which potentially enhance the visibility of faults – can be combined successfully by an artificial neural network. This results in a fault ‘probability’ cube in which faults are more continuous and noise is suppressed compared with single‐attribute cubes. It is believed that the fault‐cube can be improved further by applying image‐processing techniques to enhance the fault prediction. 相似文献
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本研究采用SAM剪切波分裂分析方法，使用福建区域数字地震台网记录到的（1999年01月～2003年12月）的波形资料，挑选符合剪切波窗口条件的记录，得到华夏地块东南部地区23°N～29°N，116°E～120°E）10个台站的剪切波分裂参数. 研究结果表明，该区域快剪切波平均偏振方向为NW109.4°±42.6°，慢剪切波平均时间延迟为2.5±1.5(ms/km)，快剪切波平均偏振方向对应该区的水平主压应力方向. 闽东台站NW方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向揭示了NW向的水平主压应力和NW走向断裂的构造意义. 两个闽西台站NE方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向与区域水平主压应力方向不一致，与NE走向的断裂一致，体现了局部构造和局部应力场的复杂性. 本研究证实，位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向的优势方向与断裂走向一致，位于海边或岛上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向较为离散，主要是受到不规则表面地形和断裂交汇的影响. 慢剪切波延迟时间的空间分布特征，显示沿海地区慢剪切波延迟时间变化较大，而内陆地区则较为平缓. 相似文献
18.
基于计算相干体算法,提出了用模拟地震子波的小波函数(或高分辨导数小波函数)的小波变换,得到分频瞬时相位,再计算相干体的相干体算法1和用小波变换得到的实、虚部(相当Hilbert变换)计算相干体的相干体算法2. 在油田构造解释中,为了突出小断层特征,用分频计算出的相干体进行重构. 实际资料计算表明,相干体算法2较K. J. Marfurt相干体算法抗噪声能力强;相干体算法1较相干体算法2在实际应用中效果更明显. 相似文献
19.
Huang Qingtuan 《中国地震研究》2007,21(2):210-224
On the southeast coast of Fujian and its adjacent area, the NE-trending Changle-Zhao′an fault zone and several NW-trending faults that are genetically related to the former are well developed. With micro-relief analysis, the paper deals with the Quaternary activity of the faults and the tectonic stress field since the late Pleistocene in this region. The results indicate that the micro-relief of the NE-trending Changle-Zhao′an fault zone and the genetically related NW-trending faults is characterized by vertical and horizontal movements since the Quaternary; the faults in the region have undergone two active stages since the Quaternary, i.e. early Quaternary and late Pleistocene; since the late Pleistocene, the movement of the NE-trending faults showed a right-lateral strike-slip, while that of NW-trending faults a left-lateral strike-slip, indicating a NWW-SEE oriented horizontal principal stress of the regional tectonic stress field 相似文献
20.
Yuan Gao Jing Wu Jin-An Cai Yu-Tao Shi Shu Lin Ting Bao Zu-Ning Li 《Journal of Seismology》2009,13(2):267-275
This study is focused on Fujing Province in China, southeast of Cathaysia block (SECB). The present work benefits from the
data provided by the Fujian Seismic Network (FJSN) to study the seismic anisotropy in the crust. By means of a systematic
analysis and adequate software package, we examine shear-wave splitting from data recorded at ten FJSN stations during the
period January 1999 to December 2003. The results demonstrate that the average fast wave polarization is N109.4° E ± 42.6°,
corresponding to the horizontal principal compressive stress in the test zone, and the average normalized slow wave time delay
is 2.5 ± 1.5 ms/km. The predominant polarizations at stations in the eastern part of SECB are in the N–W direction, which
suggests that they are related to the regional horizontal principal compressive stress and also to the strikes of faults.
In contrast, the predominant polarizations at two stations in the western part of SECB are in the N–E direction. This polarization
direction does not coincide with the direction of the horizontal principal compressive stress, but it follows the strikes
of near faults, thus suggesting the influence of the local tectonics and a change in the stress field. The results prove that
the predominant polarizations are parallel to the strikes of faults whenever the stations are on active faults. At a few stations
near the coastal line, some polarizations show a certain amount of scatter which may be caused by crossing faults and irregular
topography. Finally, the spatial distribution of time delays depicts strong lateral variations near the coast just where the
seismic activity is comparatively bigger, so that the magnitude of anisotropy seems to be consistent with the most seismically
active area. 相似文献