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中国大陆及邻区构造应力场成因的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用震源机制解等资料, 运用伪三维遗传有限单元法反演了中国大陆及邻区构造应力场的成因. 反演结果显示, 板块边界力对中国大陆应力场起主导作用, 中国大陆及邻区受到印度洋板块、菲律宾海板块以及太平洋板块的共同推挤作用. 其中印度洋板块的作用力最大, 力的作用方向为北北东向; 菲律宾海板块作用力次之, 方向为北西向; 太平洋板块对中国大陆的作用方向为南西西向. 中国大陆及邻区除受到三大板块的边界力作用外, 还受到局部地区的地形扩展力和下部地壳对上部地壳的拖曳力作用, 其大小对应力场的影响不容忽视. 青藏高原东部地区的下部地壳对上部地壳有拖曳力作用. 青藏高原四周的地形扩展力方向垂直于等高线, 指向高原外侧; 中国大陆地形二级阶梯的东缘, 即从大兴安岭、太行山脉、巫山到雪峰山一线, 也有地形扩展力的作用, 其作用力的方向与地势落差方向一致. 相似文献
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山西地堑系现今构造应力场 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
利用综合震源机制解和原地应力测量资料,对山西地区的构造应力场进行了概括分析,认为该地区与其东部的华北地区具有明显差异的应力状态．其次,通过拟合观测资料,对影响该地区构造应力场分布的边界力作用等进行了反演研究．反演计算结果显示,边界力作用是影响山西地区现今构造应力场的主要因素,区域内部的材料及其性质是影响构造应力场分布的次要因素．山西地区构造应力场水平最大主应力与断陷盆地展布具有一致性． 相似文献
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利用震源机制解和地质调查资料,运用伪三维遗传有限单元法反演了中国川滇部分地区（96°E～104°E, 22°N～30°N）受到的边界作用和该地区底部所受的剪切作用力. 对反演方法进行了讨论,获得了稳定的反演结果. 结果显示,该区川滇菱形块体上地壳底部受下地壳南南东向剪切力,与GPS反映的现今地块运动方向大体一致;而研究区域其他地区底部没有受到统一显著的剪切力作用. 结合该地区的研究资料,初步认为青藏高原物质受挤压向东和东南运动过程中,下地壳物质比上地壳更易于流动,从而对川滇菱形块体上地壳有拖曳作用. 从应力场反演的模型位移与GPS实测的现今位移资料也大体吻合,反映结果有合理的物理意义. 相似文献
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提出了两种在作二维线弹性问题有限单元分析时根据区域内部应力方向观测结果反演区域边界作用力的方法,即约束反演法和应力张量拟合法.用边界受力的圆盘问题对方法的有效性作了检验.应用所提出的反演方法,根据中国东部及附近地区的主压应力轴方向观测结果,采用二维线弹性有限单元模型,反演出了周围板块边界作用力的相对大小.结果表明,为了在总体上拟合观测资料,菲律宾海板块沿琉球岛弧对中国东部的挤压力不可能太大;台湾地区受到的指向北西方向的挤压力很强;太平洋板块向北西西方向的挤压与北部西伯利亚地台的抵挡,二者的联合作用可以成为我国华北和东北地区主压应力轴取北东东方向的原因.在反演出的边界力作用下,长江流域和东南沿海之间出现一片低剪应力区,正好与少震区的位置大体一致. 相似文献
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提出了两种在作二维线弹性问题有限单元分析时根据区域内部应力方向观测结果反演区域边界作用力的方法,即约束反演法和应力张量拟合法.用边界受力的圆盘问题对方法的有效性作了检验.应用所提出的反演方法,根据中国东部及附近地区的主压应力轴方向观测结果,采用二维线弹性有限单元模型,反演出了周围板块边界作用力的相对大小.结果表明,为了在总体上拟合观测资料,菲律宾海板块沿琉球岛弧对中国东部的挤压力不可能太大;台湾地区受到的指向北西方向的挤压力很强;太平洋板块向北西西方向的挤压与北部西伯利亚地台的抵挡,二者的联合作用可以成为我国华北和东北地区主压应力轴取北东东方向的原因.在反演出的边界力作用下,长江流域和东南沿海之间出现一片低剪应力区,正好与少震区的位置大体一致. 相似文献
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世界应力图(WSM，World Stress Map)计划的应力指标，目前已累积数据共计10 920个，这些应力指标代表了该地区最大水平主应力的实际观测方向；与此同时，可以假定全球各个板块的绝对运动方向表征了相应各板块的最大水平主应力方向的长波分量．根据应力场的叠加原理，得到由该地区局部构造运动等因素贡献的短波分量的相对大小和方向．将全球划分成2.52.5的基本单元，对每个单元的WSM数据进行加权统计分析，得到其平均应力观测取向，利用HS2-NUVEL1全球绝对板块运动模型计算应力场的长波分量；平均观测应力取向和长波分量取向之间的夹角，决定了相应短波分量相对于观测应力场的大小及其取向的范围，并反映了特定研究地区局部应力场对总应力场的贡献程度．本文的计算结果表明，全球板块的绝大部分地区及各板块的平均效果，长波分量与短波分量对观测应力场的贡献程度相当．对于某些大陆板块内部，局部构造活动对观测应力场的贡献起到重要作用，因而控制着地震的孕育与发生． 相似文献
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在全球板块的很多地方,包括俯冲带、大洋中脊、甚至大陆板块的内部等,地震各向异性都与板块绝对运动图像存在一定的相关性,或者与板内应力场的优势取向一致。本文统计分析了全球9个包含主要俯冲带的板块边界内板块运动与地震各向异性及应力场的相关性,结果表明,板块的绝对或相对运动控制着板块边界的地震各向异性和应力场特征,尤其是板块的相对运动,在板块边界带处的影响十分明显;从计算结果还可以看出,板块的相对运动方向与地震各向异性及应力场的相关性要好于板块绝对运动。在包含俯冲带的板块边界处,由于俯冲机理的复杂性和控制因素的多样性,使得俯冲带处两者的相关性较为复杂,不同深度来源的各向异性表现出不同特征,且应力状态受多种因素的控制。 相似文献
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采用构造应力场均匀性对断层或板块边界进行分段的方法, 利用ldquo;裁剪-粘贴rdquo;法给出的余震震源机制解资料, 进一步从应力场角度确定汶川地震发震断层南、 北段分界点位置及南、北段震后应力场. 研究结果表明, 发震断层南、北段分界点位于北川附近, 与先前的研究结果较为一致. 南、 北段震后应力场反演结果显示, 南、北段的最大主应力轴方位均呈北东东向, 且近水平. 南、北段应力场反演的平均拟合残差和置信区间均较大, 主要原因可能是因为南、北段内应力场不均匀性造成的. 因为本文仅由大余震给出了震源断层的一级分段, 南、北段内应做进一步的细分. 相似文献
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ZHU ShouBiao & SHI YaoLin Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration Beijing China Department of Geophysics Peking University Beijing China Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(1):67-74
Based on data of principal stress orientation from focal mechanism and of geological features in China, we made pseudo-3D genetic algorithm finite element (GA-FEM) inversion to investigate the main forces acting on the Chinese continent and adjacent areas which form the Chinese tectonic stress field. The results confirm that plate boundary forces play the dominant role in forming the stress field in China, as noticed by many previous researchers. However, we also find that topographic spreading forces, as well as basal drag forces of the lower crust to the upper crust, make significant contribution to stresses in regional scale. Forces acting on the Chinese continent can be outlined as follows: the collision of the India plate to the NNE is the most important action, whereby forces oriented to the NW by the Philippine plate and forces oriented to the SWW by the Pacific plate are also important. Topographic spreading forces are not negligible at high topographic gradient zones, these forces are perpendicular to edges of the Tibetan Plateau and a topographic gradient belt running in the NNE direction across Eastern China. Basal drag forces applied by the ductile flow of the lower crust to the base of upper crust affect the regional stress field in the Tibetan Plateau remarkably, producing the clockwise rotation around the eastern Himalaya syntax. 相似文献
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Stress field and seismicity in the Indian shield: Effects of the collision between India and Eurasia
Intraplate stresses and intraplate seismicity in the Indian subcontinent are strongly affected by the continued convergence between India and Eurasia. The mean orientation of the maximum horizontal compression in the Indian subcontinent is subparallel to the direction of the ridge push at the plate boundary as well as to the direction of compression expected to arise from the net resistive forces at the Himalayan collision zone, indicating that the intraplate stresses in the subcontinent, including the shield area, are caused by plate tectonic processes. Spatial distribution of historic and instrumentally recorded earthquakes indicate that the seismic activity is mostly confined to linear belts while the remaining large area of the shield is stable. The available conventional heat flow data and other indicators of heat flow suggest hotter geotherms in the linear belts, leading to amplification of stresses in the upper brittle crust. Many of the faults in these linear belts, which happen to be 200–80 m.y. old, are being reactivated either in a strike-slip or thrust-faulting mode. The reactivation mechanisms have been analyzed by taking into consideration the amplification of stresses, pore pressures, geological history of the faults and their orientation with respect to the contemporaneous stress field. The seismicity of the Indian shield is explained in terms of these reactivation mechanisms. 相似文献
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Jorge A. Mendiguren Frank M. Richter 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1978,16(4):318-326
Intraplate stresses in middle South America are not negligible. We report thrust-faulting mechanisms for five intraplate earthquakes, which indicate a dominant horizontal deviatoric compressional stress oriented in a NW-SE direction. We conclude that this state of stress is due to forces connected with spreading on the Mid Atlantic Ridge and resistive forces exerted by the Caribbean plate to the north and the Nazca plate to the west. The existence and nature of the resistive forces is inferred from earthquake mechanisms and geological evidence presented in other studies. All the available intraplate stress data for Nazca and South America indicate that both plates are under deviatoric compression generated at spreading centers. The absence of tensional earthquake focal mechanisms, particularly in the Nazca plate near the trench, suggests that the forces associated with the gravitational sinking of subducted lithosphere are locally compensated. We present a simple numerical calculation of a non-subducting plate to show how the compressional deviatoric stresses in middle South America can be used to estimate an upper bound of about 1021 P for the viscosity of the mantle. 相似文献
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Han-Shou Liu 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1985,40(1):43-60
This paper uses plate tectonics and satellite-derived gravity data to further discussion of crustal deformation under the Tibetan Plateau. The first of our three contributions is a spherical harmonic analysis of the global plate boundary system. A distribution of 470 Dirac delta functions is applied to describe the generating forces according to the rates of crustal creation and destruction on the plate boundaries. Analysis of the extensional and compressional forces in the spreading and subducting zones shows that the present global plate motion causes compressional stresses in the N-S direction under the Tibetan Plateau. The second contribution is the calculation of the crustal stresses in Tibet as inferred from satellite gravity data. By applying solutions to the problem of the spherical shells, the satellite-determined stresses indicate that the up-welling mantle material under Tibet induce N-S and E-W extension. Finally, a superimposed stress system is constructed. This stress system shows that the present crustal deformation in Tibet does not produce N-S shortening but generates E-W extension.The results of this paper have provided geodynamical explanations for geological field observations in Tibet and fault plane solutions of earthquakes in the Tibetan side of the India-Eurasia collision. The stress patterns reveal that the cold downwelling mantle convection flow beneath southern Tibet pulls the Indian plate down but applies a bending moment on the end of the plate to uplift and support the mass of the Himalayas. 相似文献
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—Prerif Ridges are located at the frontal part of the Rif Cordillera, which develops at the Eurasian-African plate boundary. The ridges are formed by recent tectonic structures that also deform foreland basins (Saïss and Gharb basins) and the foreland (Moroccan Meseta). The position of the ridges is the consequence of inversion tectonics undergone in the area. The ENE-WSW trend of the northern edge of the Neogene Saïss basin is determined by the location of Mesozoic basins. Although Prerif ridges probably started to develop since the Early Miocene, the most active deformation phase affecting Pliocene rocks consisted of N-S to NW-SE oriented compression. Striated pebbles show that this compression has prolate stress ellipsoids. The deformation produces southwards vergent folds and NNW-SSE striae on reverse faults at the base of the ridges. The flexure of the Paleozoic basement by the emplacement of the Ridges produced extensional deformation and the development of the Saïss foreland basin. The extension in this basin is oblate and features a well determined NNE-SSW trend near the Ridges, whereas it becomes prolate and pluridirectional near the foreland edge represented by the Rabat region. This part of the Moroccan Meseta, commonly considered to be stable, is deformed by sets of orthogonal joints and faults with short slip that affect up to Quaternary sediments. Southwestward, the Meseta rocks are also deformed by transcurrent faults, which indicate NW-SE and N-S trends of compression. The NW-SE approximation of Eurasia and Africa determines a regional stress field with the same trend of compression. Regional stresses are notably disturbed by the development of the active structures in the Rif, which exhibit alternating trends of compression and extension. The clearest evidence of the relationship between the local deformation and the general plate motion is found at the deformation front of the Cordillera, that is, the Prerif Ridges. 相似文献
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The acoustical impedance distribution of the substratum, or equivalently, the reflection coefficient sequence, is determined from VSP data. This nonlinear inverse problem is solved by a least-squares method. As the wavelet is unknown, the impedance distribution and the Neumann boundary condition (which characterizes the excitation of the medium) are simultaneously identified. The inversion method is applied to synthetic and field VSP's; the result is satisfactory, even when strong noise corrupts the data, provided that a suitable constraint on the impedance distribution is introduced in order to ensure the stability of the inverse problem. The reliability of the inversion result in the case of field VSP, is confirmed. Some ways in which this result may be used are illustrated (calibration of the seismic surface data, multiple identification, prediction ahead of the bit). 相似文献
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In this paper, the lithosphere is considered to be a homogeneous elastic spherical shell for the sake of simplicity and the stress equations for the base of the lithosphere are taken as boundary conditions. Then the stress equations are obtained for use in the computation of the stress field in the lithosphere with the satellite gravitational harmonic coefficients. The 5 × 5° global stress field in the lithosphere is computed from harmonics of 2–30°. The directions of principal stresses of this stress field agree favourably with the directions of principal stresses indicated by mid-plate earthquake mechanisms, in situ stress measurements and sensitive geological features. This result indicates that the drag forces exerted on the base of the lithosphere, due to gravitational mantle convection, may be among the driving forces of plate motion and a major source for the stress field in the lithosphere. 相似文献
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物理大地测量学与地球物理学结合中的有关问题评注 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文依据大地重力学反问题的有关研究，对重力场边界扰动量的本征含义进行分析，由此揭示出它们在逼近地球实际重力场源过程中所具有的物理意义及存在的不足。然后进一步论及正常场源的非物理性上，并对其解决途径进行了探讨，最后对大地得力学反问题研究中的物理核－－正交分解定理描述的场源量所具有的实际意义及其在地球物理反演中的具有的作用进行了分析和评注。 相似文献