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1.
《China Geology》2020,3(3):385-401
Recently, continuous breakthroughs have been made about deep gold prospecting in the Jiaodong gold province area of China. Approximately 5000 t of cumulative gold resources have been explored in Jiaodong, which has thus become an internationally noteworthy gold ore cluster. The gold exploration depth has been increased to about 2000 m from the previous <1000 m. To further explore the mineralization potential of the Jiaodong area at a depth of about 3000 m, the Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences has drilled an exploratory drillhole named “Deep drillhole ZK01” to a depth of 3266 m. Hence, as reported herein, the mineralization characteristics of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt have been successfully documented. ZK01 is, to date, the deepest borehole with an gold intersect in China, and constitutes a significant advance in deep gold prospecting in China. The findings of this study further indicate that the depth interval of 2000 m to 4000 m below the ground surface in the Wuyi Village area incorporates 912 t of inferred gold resources, while the depth interval of 2000 m to 4000 m below the surface across the Jiaodong area possesses about 4000 t of inferred gold resources. The Jiaojia Fault Belt tends to gently dip downward, having dip angles of about 25° and about 20° at vertical depths of 2000 m and 2850 m, respectively. The deep part of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt differs from the shallow and moderately deep parts about fracturing, alteration, mineralization, and tectonic type. The deep zones can generally be categorized from inside outward as cataclastic granite, granitic cataclasite, weakly beresitized granitic cataclasite, beresitized cataclasite, and gouge. These zones exhibit a gradual transitional relation or occur alternately and repeatedly. The mineralization degree of the pyritized cataclastic granite-type ore in the deep part of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt is closely related to the degree of pyrite vein development; that is, the higher the pyrite content, the wider the veins and the higher the gold grade. Compared to the shallow gold ores, the deep-seated gold ores have higher fineness and contain joseite, tetradymite, and native bismuth, suggesting that the deep gold mineralization temperature is higher and that mantle-sourced material may have contributed to this mineralization. ZK01 has also revealed that the deep-seated ore bodies in the Jiaojia metallogenic belt are principally situated above the main fracture plane (gouge) and hosted within the Linglong Granite, contradicting previous findings indicating that the moderately shallow gold ore bodies are usually hosted in the contact zone between the Linglong Granite and Jiaodong Group or meta-gabbro. These new discoveries are particularly significant because they can help correct mineralization prospecting models, determine favorable positions for deep prospecting, and improve metallogenic prediction and resource potential evaluation. 相似文献
2.
为研究南黄海北部泥质区元素地球化学特征对于地层划分与物质来源的指示意义,对南黄海北部DLC70-3孔(孔深71.20 m)沉积物作了元素地球化学分析和物源判别。根据元素含量及比值的变化,可将DLC70-3孔岩心划分为5层,它们分别反映了末次间冰期(暖期)晚期以来黄海海面波动以及沉积物物源的变化。运用判别函数、MgO/Na2O与CIA的散点图等方法分析了DLC70-3孔沉积物的物质来源,结果显示该孔沉积物主要来源于黄河,长江物质对该孔中上部及下部沉积物有较明显影响。DLC70-3孔物源指数反映0~4.50 m和27.80~38.80 m沉积物以黄河源为主,4.50~27.80 m、38.80~55.00 m和55.00~71.20 m沉积物以长江源为主;可见黄河从晚更新世中期到现代对南黄海北部沉积起着重要作用,而长江物质在晚更新世早期开始对南黄海北部沉积就有明显影响。 相似文献
3.
汶川地震断裂带科学钻探工程WFSD-2孔钻探工程技术质量要求高,其中,孔斜及取心率尤为重要。但其上部（≤600m）花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、变质火山岩坚硬致密,局部裂隙发育,裂隙面、小断层多且断层倾角大,易造斜,造成岩心堵塞。钻孔结构较复杂,采用大口径牙轮钻进孔斜难以控制,纠斜钻进难度大。二开（47．8—638．01m）施工,从80—311．39m顶角／方位角由0．7°／202．9°到5．8°／222．7°。其后,采用5LZ120×7．0L-5（0．5°、0．75°弯外管）螺杆马达纠斜。从317．43—456．12m顶角／方位角由6．0°／228．3°纠正到0．9°／103．7°,取得了理想的效果。就孔斜及纠斜施工进行总结、分析和归纳。 相似文献
4.
东准噶尔蒙西斑岩铜钼矿床脉体特征及其形成机制 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
蒙西斑岩铜钼矿床位于东准噶尔伊吾县琼河坝花岗岩北侧,以发育细脉、网脉状矿化为特征。脉体类型多样,包括石英脉、石英硫化物脉和硫化物脉等。根据脉体力学成因机制,其又可划分为水压破裂充填脉和构造破裂充填脉。构造破裂充填脉体按破裂形成的位错特征有正断与逆断两种。地表石英脉产状陡立,明显受断裂控制。脉体体积分数统计结果显示流体富集区呈向北缓倾的带状分布于深100～400m范围内,并与矿化富集带有较好的对应关系。脉体富集带内,脉体以共轭形式存在,一组为倾角较小的逆断破裂充填脉,另一组为倾角较大的正断破裂充填脉,他们可能为缓倾逆冲剪切带的次级破裂与充填脉,即富矿带内脉体是沿矿区低角度逆冲断裂次级破裂面充填的。矿区地表及深部(400m以下)脉体以陡立为主,矿化较弱。矿区流体的运移具先沿水压直立破裂往上运移,进入剪切带后沿剪切带次级破裂侧向和向上运移,并在剪切带中富集成矿。低温矿物组合脉体穿切高温矿物组合脉体的特征说明脉体形成过程矿区处于隆升构造环境,这对斑岩铜矿成矿有利。 相似文献
5.
利用成像测井资料分析汶川地震断裂带科学钻探3号孔(WFSD-3)裂缝特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WFSD-3孔是汶川地震断裂带科学钻探主要钻孔之一,全井段(终孔深度1 502.30 m)实施了连续取心(累计取心进尺1 548.44 m)和测井作业。采集到的成像测井资料包含丰富的原位地质特征信息,对裂缝、破碎带识别和构造应力场分析具有重要作用。利用该钻孔的电阻率成像测井和超声成像测井资料,结合岩心资料进行了裂缝特征分析。结果表明,WFSD-3孔岩层高角度斜交缝最为发育,其次是低角度斜交缝,垂直缝和水平缝极少;25～200 m和900～1 000 m深度范围内裂缝尤为发育;不同深度的裂缝倾向存在明显差异:410 m之上主要分布于260°～290°,410～730m集中于330°～360°,730～960 m主要分布于210°～240°,960～1 185 m与410 m之上基本一致,1 410～1 450 m与前述各深度段不同,集中于180°～200°;裂缝与破碎带、层理密切相关,宏观分布受构造控制。 相似文献
6.
岩心裂饼是钻探过程中特有的岩石力学现象。1958年哈斯特首先报道过岩心裂饼现象,且发现岩饼的厚度与其直径的比值随初始应力的增加而减少,其后,库克则利用钻孔岩心饼化的程度评价岩体中的初始应力状态。 相似文献
7.
G. K. Reddy T. Seshunarayana Rajeev Menon P. Senthil Kumar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2010,119(5):745-751
Fracture and fault networks are conduits that facilitate groundwater movement in hard-rock terrains. Soil-gas helium emanometry
has been utilized in Wailapally watershed, near Hyderabad in southern India, for the detection of fracture and fault zones
in a granite basement terrain having a thin regolith. Based on satellite imagery and geologic mapping, three sites were selected
for detailed investigation. High spatial resolution soil-gas samples were collected at every one meter at a depth of >1.5m
along 100m long profiles (3 in number). In addition, deep shear-wave images were also obtained using the multichannel analysis
of surface waves. The study clearly indicates several soil-gas helium anomalies (above 200 ppb) along the profiles, where
the shear-wave velocity images also show many near-surface vertical low velocity zones. We thus interpret that the soil-gas
helium anomalous zones and the vertical low-velocity zones are probable traces of fault/fracture zones that could be efficient
natural recharge zones and potential groundwater conduits. The result obtained from this study demonstrates the efficacy of
an integrated approach of soil-gas helium and the seismic methods for mapping groundwater resource zones in granite/gneiss
provinces. 相似文献
8.
共转换点道集的抽取是三维转换波数据处理的重要环节,道集抽取的正确与否受多种因素影响,其中地层倾角的变化能够引起共转换点道集的抽取误差,表现在炮点、检波点的数量与位置的错选。以地层倾向120°,某转换点垂向深度600m,纵横波速度分别为2 500m/s、1 250m/s的单层倾斜模型为例,利用姚陈提出的倾斜界面三维转换波CCP位置计算方法,对地层倾角分别为0°、5°、20°、30°时的炮点、检波点进行统计,确定其对该转换点的贡献情况,结果表明：倾角CCP抽取方法与目前常用的水平界面假设算法计算出的炮点、检波点分布存在很大差异,忽略倾角因素影响将导致不正确的道集叠加,给后期解释带来极大误差。 相似文献
9.
As part of a study investigating the naturally-occurring fractures in mafic rocks, two holes were drilled 450 m apart through
the Palisades dolerite sill in New York. Well-2 is 229 m deep and Well-3 was drilled to 305 m, both penetrating through the
sill and into the underlying Triassic sediments of the Newark Basin. Both holes were logged with downhole geophysical tools,
including the BHTV, which acoustically images fractures intersecting the well. Understanding the fracture pattern, density,
and porosity in the sill is essential for identifying possible zones of active fluid flow and high permeability. Using the
BHTV logs, 96 and 203 fractures were digitally mapped within the sill in Well-2 and Well-3, respectively. Most fractures appear
to dip steeply (76-78°). There is a shift in fracture orientation, however, and these fractures may or may not be continuous
over the short lateral distance between Well-2 and Well-3. The lithology of the sill as identified by drill chips is nevertheless
continuous between the holes. Both intersect a 7 m thick olivine-rich layer about 15 m above the bottom of the sill.
Several fractures identified in Well-2 have large apparent aperture (>6cm) which correspond to high porosity zones (6-14%)
observed in the logs. Resistivity logs were used to compute porosity using Archie's law and match well with the neutron porosity
log in Well-2. We use the relationship between porosity and fracture aperture within the sill at Well-2 to infer the porosity
in Well-3. High-porosity, large-aperture zones, including the target olivine layer, are identified in both holes. Changes
in the temperature gradient log indicate active fluid flow in the sill, although flow appears to be most active in the sediments.
Direct field measurements of bulk permeability, hydrologic modeling of fluid flow and calibration of fracture and log porosity
will be undertaken in the future. 相似文献
10.
乌东德水电站右岸地下厂房随机块体特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随机块体的几何特征和稳定性是水利水电工程中地下厂房支护设计的重要依据。对乌东德水电站右岸地下厂房随机块体的特征进行了深入研究。对研究区域内实测的裂隙参数进行了分组统计,确定了各组裂隙产状、迹长等参数的分布形式和大小。利用逆建模方法建立了三维裂隙网络模型,获取了各组裂隙的直径和三维密度。采用一般块体方法对地下厂房进行随机块体的识别和稳定性分析,利用GeneralBlock软件进行了10次随机实现,对10次计算结果进行了统计分析和讨论。研究结果表明,结构面与开挖面形成的随机块体集中在地下厂房的顶拱部位,10次随机实现中,地下厂房全长范围内平均每次形成的随机块体为414个;随机块体的平均体积为2.9 m3,最大块体的体积达152.0 m3;可移动块体中,大部分为稳定块体,不稳定块体均以坠落形式破坏;构成可移动块体的结构面多为3~4条,最多可达12条,其中倾W向的中等倾角裂隙是构成块体并可能造成块体失稳的最危险结构面;随机块体的平均深度为1.2 m,最大深度为8.8 m。建议支护锚杆应尽量穿透倾W向中等倾角的长大裂隙,且锚杆支护长度大于8.8 m。 相似文献
11.
斜坡变形破坏和稳定性分析是各类工程建设中高度关注的问题.采用实例调查、理论分析、数值计算等技术方法,以雅砻江某水电工程坝址区右岸顺层岩质斜坡为例,研究总结了斜坡发育滑移-剪损变形破坏的成因机理、发育特征以及与弱面倾角和发育深度的关系.研究表明,滑移-剪损变形破坏通常发育在力学性能相对较差的薄层、互层状结构的顺层岩质斜坡或斜坡强-弱风化带内.斜坡发育滑移-剪损变形破坏与陡倾坡外弱面的倾角和发育位置密切相关.倾角在45°~65°之间或距斜坡表部水平距离小于80 m的弱面对斜坡发育滑移-剪损变形破坏的影响控制作用明显,并且弱面距斜坡表部水平距离比弱面倾角对斜坡发育滑移-剪损变形破坏的影响控制作用更强.研究成果可补充完善岩质斜坡变形破坏类型,具有重要的工程意义和实践价值. 相似文献
12.
Tectonic implications of damage zone-related fault-fracture networks revealed in drill core through the Nojima fault, Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1800 m of drill core through the Nojima fault zone, Japan, reveals subsidiary fault and fracture networks that developed in the fault zone that triggered the 1995 Ms 7.2 Kobe earthquake. The subsidiary fault zones contain a fault gouge of < 1 cm bounded by thin zones of foliated cataclasite or breccia. Fractures are filled with calcite veins, calcite-cemented breccias, clay, and iron-oxide and carbonate alternation of the granitic host rock. These features are typical of extensional fractures that form the conduit network for fluid flux close to a major fault zone. The zone of distributed deformation surrounding the main fault is 50 m in width, and the dip of the Nojima fault at > 1 km depth is 75°. The fault-fracture networks associated with the Nojima fault zone are coseismic and were filled with carbonate and fine-grained material during repeated seismic-related infiltration of the fault zone by carbonate-bearing subsurface water. This study shows that fault-related fracture networks plays an important role as fluid flow conduits within seismically active faults, and can change in character from zones of high permeability to low permeability due to cementation and/or pore collapse. 相似文献
13.
在总结前人研究资料和实地观测豫西北太行山奥陶系5处露头区的基础上,运用地质统计学与构造应力场分析的方法,对豫西北太行山奥陶系露头区裂缝发育特征及其主控因素进行了研究。结果表明：研究区以高角度裂缝为主,可分为北北西、北西西、北北东和北东东向4组,裂缝切深变化较大,野外可见的切深多为0.15～1.4 m,裂缝线密度为1～10条/m,裂缝张开度一般介于0.1～3 cm之间;裂缝充填程度包括未充填、半充填和全充填3种,以未充填裂缝为主,半充填和全充填裂缝次之;裂缝充填物以方解石为主,灰泥质充填和铁质充填次之。通过对研究区裂缝主控因素和成因机制分析,认为其主要形成于古近纪、中新世、上新世至更新世早期、中更新世以来4个时期;构造作用、岩性和岩层厚度是影响其发育的最主要因素,其中构造作用对裂缝的倾向、倾角、张开度、切深、充填状况等影响较大,岩性及层厚与裂缝线密度关系密切,岩层内白云质含量愈高裂缝越发育,且裂缝线密度平均值与岩层厚度平均值具有良好线性关系。 相似文献
14.
松辽盆地东南隆起区白垩系营城组火山岩中辉绿玢岩脉地质特征及其储层意义 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
在松辽盆地东南隆起上河湾地区出露的白垩系营城组第三岩性段火山岩中有两种产状的辉绿玢岩脉侵入:其一,沿着NE30°~35°走向的追踪张节理侵入,岩脉边界呈锯齿状,岩脉宽度1~5 m,倾角75°~88°;其二,岩脉沿NE40°~45°走向的一组剪切节理侵入,岩脉边界光滑平直,围岩接触面上发育倾角平缓的线理或擦痕,运动方向总体呈现左行,脉体倾角75°~88°,岩脉宽度2~10 m。无论哪种产状的脉体都发育片理化现象,且从脉体的边缘向中心减弱。辉绿玢岩总体化学成分与基性玄武岩相当,后期变化表现为次生方解石（碳酸盐化）和雏晶黑云母（钾质流体）交代现象。辉绿玢岩脉的侵入记录了早白垩世营城组后期至少存在一次NE-SW（NE40°左右）的挤压构造应力场作用,同时伴有基性岩浆侵入活动,与区域上佳-伊断裂的活动有关;而且岩脉侵入后叠加了与岩脉走向近垂直的挤压片理化作用。本区辉绿玢岩的地质特征研究对松辽盆地营城组火山岩原生构造裂缝及其储层评价提供依据。 相似文献
15.
针对新疆某工区强非均质性岩溶缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层,提出了一种基于地震多属性优化与电成像测井信息融合的碳酸盐岩储层缝洞带识别评价与钻井轨迹优化设计方法。首先,利用相干体、蚂蚁体等多种地震属性与张量约束的稀疏脉冲反演结果综合实现缝洞发育带空间分布预测与雕刻,确定可能油气圈闭的分布范围;然后,基于数学形态学滤波方法,由电成像测井资料自动拾取井壁的裂缝和溶蚀孔洞分布,统计井壁裂缝倾向和倾角;再次,用工区内钻孔多臂井径资料计算的井筒崩落信息与电成像资料拾取的诱导缝信息预测工区的最大和最小主应力方向;最后,融合地震属性与电成像测井信息评价的缝洞分布结果,预测工区内走滑断裂带的最大主应力方向以NE—SW为主,局部为NW—SE,且以中高角度为主的裂缝走向与主应力近乎平行。采用预测主应力分布方法实现了沿NW—SE方向的大斜度井与水平井优化设计,钻遇了大规模优质储集体,获得了稳定油流,并以此为基础在周围打井若干口,极大地降低了深层勘探的钻井风险。 相似文献
16.
First arrival times from P-wave refraction and reflection seismic surveys along Bear Creek Valley on the Oak Ridge Reservation,
Tennessee, were inverted to produce refraction tomographic velocity images showing seismic velocity variations within thinly
mantled karstic bedrock to a depth of approximately 20 m. Inverted velocities are consistent with two distinct bedrock groups:
the Nolichucky Shale (2,730–5,150 m/s) and Maynardville Limestone (3,940–7,575 m/s). Low-velocity zones (2,700–4,000 m/s)
in the tomographic images correspond to previously inferred cross-valley strike-slip faults; in places, these faults create
permeability barriers that offset or block groundwater flowing along Bear Creek Valley. These faults may also force groundwater
contaminants, such as dense non-aqueous phase liquids, to migrate laterally or downward, spreading contamination throughout
the groundwater system. Other, previously unmapped cross-valley faults may also be visible in the tomographic images. Borehole
logs suggest the low-velocity values are caused by low rigidity fractured and vuggy rock, water zones, cavities and collapse
features. Surface streams, including Bear Creek, tend to lie directly above these low-velocity zones, suggesting fault and
fracture control of surface drainage, in addition to the subsurface flow system. In some cases, fault zones are also associated
with bedrock depressions and thicker accumulations of unconsolidated sediment. 相似文献
17.
Surface reflection seismic techniques have the capability of mapping subsurface geological features without disturbing the rock mass. They also have an added capability of penetrating to a much deeper depth than any other geophysical technique, including the ground probing radar. However, the successful application of reflection seismic techniques in crystalline rocks has in general been more difficult than in sedimentary basins, because of the irregular geometry and low acoustic impedance contrasts across geological boundaries. In this paper, we describe the imaging of fracture zones in crystalline rocks. Effective data processing, carefully modified from the conventional approaches, was applied on two high-resolution field data previously collected by different contractors. The strategy included enhancement of the signal hidden under the large-amplitude scattering noise, through pre- and post-stack processing such as shot f-k filtering, residual statics and careful muting after NMO correction. Two sets of low S/N test data from Canada and Sweden are analyzed in this research. The reflected energy in these data sets appeared to be more closely related to fracturing than to lithologic boundaries. The major fracture zones at shallow depth have been mapped with the desired resolution and can be correlated to the available well-log and seismic crosshole tomographic data. Once the surface waves were removed, shallow reflectors in the fracture zones could be identified and analyzed on the field records. Focusing analysis of the seismic image was performed in the constant-offset section to investigate the trends of major fracture zones. The complex attributes were also analyzed to determine whether they could be applied to the shallow fracture zones. Instantaneous frequency plots outline the intense fracturing zone and instantaneous phase plots identify the major and minor fractures, and other coherent events with different dip attitudes which interfere with each other. 相似文献
18.
为研究深部条带开采覆岩裂隙发育高度这一采空塌陷区治理中的关键技术问题，综合运用工程地质钻探、钻孔电视与煤田测井3种方法对济宁煤田某煤矿覆岩采动裂隙进行探测与分析。结果表明:缓倾斜（煤层平均倾角6°）、深埋（平均埋深538 m）、采留比1:2（采50 m留100 m）的条带式采动下，覆岩“三带”特征显著，空间整体呈“波浪式”破坏形态，地下采空区无明显空洞；垮落带发育高度为8.45 m，为采高的3.0倍，断裂带发育高度为57.55 m，为采高的20.6倍；覆岩“三带”发育高度判别的8个量化指标中，钻孔电视法比工程地质钻探法、煤田测井法精确度高。探测结果较为准确可靠，为深部条带采空塌陷区治理方案的选择提供依据。 相似文献
19.
以往研究中倾倒变形研究在反倾边坡较多而在顺倾边坡中很少,对两种不同结构的边坡形成倾倒体的异同点更是存在较多空白。在总结大量倾倒体实例基础上,对层状反倾和顺倾边坡倾倒变形形成条件及发育规模特征进行了详细研究。结果表明,顺倾边坡若发生倾倒,通常表现为坡高 100 m,边坡坡角 35°,岩层倾角 60°,岩性为薄层或薄层与中层互层的软岩、软硬相间的岩石;反倾边坡当坡角 30°及岩层倾角 30°就可能发生倾倒,其岩性为薄层～中厚层状的软岩、硬岩及具有似层状结构的坚硬岩石均可;提出层状岩质边坡“倾倒临界倾角 ”的概念,对于顺倾边坡, 60°,当 时边坡将可能产生倾倒破坏,当 时边坡通常产生顺层面的“滑移-弯曲”或“滑移-拉裂”型破坏;反倾边坡 30°,当 时边坡才可能演化成明显倾倒变形,当 时边坡不会倾倒或倾倒不明显;对于地质条件基本相同而坡体结构不同的两种边坡,反倾边坡形成的倾倒体无论是发育分布面积还是倾倒深度通常是大于顺倾边坡的,而且一旦形成倾倒体,二者的规模通常是深层的、大型或特大型的;倾倒体的分布面积和倾倒深度均呈现一种随坡高的增加而增加的趋势,坡高 250 m时其分布面积和倾倒深度表现为陡然增加,并且反倾边坡增加幅度大于顺倾边坡。 相似文献
20.
岩石内部存在的裂隙、孔洞等天然损伤对岩石的力学性能和破坏过程有重要影响,依据细胞自动机理论结合CT无损识别技术实现了含天然裂隙岩石在劈裂条件下裂纹扩展和贯通全过程及其力学性能变化规律的研究。从裂隙砂岩的真实细观结构出发,构建了天然裂隙岩石的数值计算模型,运用CASRock数值计算软件完成了含不同裂隙倾角的砂岩劈裂破坏的数值试验,分析了裂隙倾角对砂岩的力学特性、裂纹扩展过程及能量演化的影响规律。研究表明:(1)天然裂隙砂岩的抗拉强度与裂隙倾角密切相关,随着裂隙倾角的增加,其抗拉强度呈现先减小后增加的趋势;(2)裂隙起裂于天然裂隙尖端,当裂隙倾角0°≤θ<48°时,岩样的破坏是由错开型裂纹引起,裂纹沿着与天然裂隙近垂直方向扩展;当裂隙倾角48°≤θ<94°时,岩样的破坏是由张开型裂纹引起,裂纹沿着与天然裂隙近平行方向扩展;(3)劈裂过程中裂纹尖端应力场存在拉应力区和压应力区,拉应力造成翼裂纹由天然裂隙尖端沿加载端方向萌生扩展,而压应力则引发次生裂纹沿天然裂隙方向扩展;(4)含天然裂隙砂岩劈裂破坏过程能量演化可划分为4个阶段,随裂隙倾角的增大,峰值点处的总能量密度、弹性能密度先缓慢减少再迅速增加,但对岩样耗散能影响不大。 相似文献