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智能化、无人化开采是煤炭行业发展的必然趋势,精准地质信息探测是当前智慧煤矿建设中的重点研发方向之一,其中巷道信息的精准探测和巷道三维模型的快速获取是地质透明化的重要数据来源。对比分析传统巷道建模方法及其优缺点,提出利用三维激光扫描重建技术构建高精度透明工作面巷道模型的技术思路。在分析煤矿井下工况环境长距离三维激光扫描面临的技术难题的基础上,研究三维激光扫描原理和空间点坐标计算方法,并提出透明工作面巷道三维激光扫描重建技术流程,其关键技术包括:三维激光扫描系统动态标定和坐标转换方法;点云预处理技术中基于统计滤波法的大尺度噪声滤波方法和基于移动最小二乘的小尺度噪声滤波算法;点云关键点提取与特征描述技术中SIFT特征检测算法和FPFH特征描述算法;点云配准技术中基于FPFH特征描述算法的粗配准技术和基于迭代最近点算法的精配准技术。以准格尔煤田唐家会煤矿某工作面为研究对象,利用自主研发的移动式三维激光扫描系统从三维激光扫描施工流程、巷道点云数据采集、边界轮廓线提取、巷道与工作面联合建模等方面进行实践应用。结果表明,提出的基于三维激光扫描技术的工作面巷道三维重建思路在技术上是可行的,能为复杂巷道的快速三维扫描、重建提供一条可行的技术路径。 相似文献
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针对煤矿安全生产中老窑巷道的位置和边界难以确定的困扰,对采煤巷道进行正演模拟,分析了巷道在二维地震资料剖面上的反映特征及敏感属性特征。以内蒙某区三维地震为例,在高品质数据采集的前提下,对实际三维地震资料进行保幅处理;在常规解释的基础上提取平均振幅、平均地震能量和均方根振幅等多种属性进行巷道定位解释。最终,解释结果与采掘工程图比对,巷道定位准确。 相似文献
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采用时域有限差分法,计算不同埋深和电导的三维典型地质体在中心回线方式下的航空电磁响应,讨论其探测分辨率,并结合实际航空电磁探测系统的工作参数进行计算.结果表明,对于70 m×70 m×70 m的异常体,当异常体与围岩的电导比值为200时,探测深度最大范围为180 m,当合理提高接收机的前端放大倍数,可以有效提高勘探深度;当异常体埋深为135 m时,可以检测的异常体与围岩电导的比值最小为1.5.时间域航空电磁探测三维异常体的分辨率研究,对于电磁数据解释时异常体的识别、精细化处理等方面具有理论指导意义. 相似文献
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屯兰矿南五采区地形复杂,最大高差达271m,地表大面积为第四系黄土覆盖,激发困难。为探索研究小面元三维地震勘探技术的应用效果。在常规三维地震勘区域内划出1km^2,采用5m×5m小面元进行采集。在地震数据采集过程中,采取了加大激发井深、提高覆盖次数、减小CMP面元网格和加大接收排列等技术措施,做到“四小三高、二中一深、两个等高面”。通过插值、抽线及扩大面元处理。获得2．5m×2．5m×1ms、5m×5m×1ms、5m×10m×1ms、10m×10m×1ms以及不同叠加次数的三维数据体。资料解释工作主要是在5m×5m×1ms、2．5m×2．5m×1ms两个数据体上进行,解释落差大于或等于5m的断层6条,落差3～5m的断层8条;查明长轴直径20～30m的陷落柱4个。30～100m的陷落柱1个,大于100m的陷落柱3个。与相邻区常规三维地震比较,小面元三维地震勘探有利于对小陷落柱、小断层的控制和解释。 相似文献
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淮南矿区十多年来开展的煤矿采区三维地震面积达到254.56 km2,占井田面积的46.14%。通过对以往三维地震成果1 030个验证点的统计分析,拟定了三维地震成果验证准确率的评价标准;据此得出常规三维地震勘探对13-1煤层中3 m以上断层解释的准确率达62.38%,11-2煤层中2 m以上断层解释合格率约46.74%;而高密度三维地震勘探对11-2煤层中2 m以上断层解释的准确率达到85.71%。结合实例研究,分析了小断层、煤层变薄区在三维地震资料上的显示特征与探采对比效果。 相似文献
6.
巷道影响下三维全空间瞬变电磁法响应特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
使用磁偶极源模拟三维均匀介质内部低阻体的全空间响应特征,采用非均匀网格和时间步长推导了瞬变电磁场的三维时域有限差分格式,并根据多个测点计算的数据,绘制了磁场和磁场对时间导数的等值线图,分析了瞬变电磁场的传播规律,以及巷道和交界面对场的影响特征。结果表明:在磁场穿过低阻体与大地的交界面时,磁场的扩散速度降低,衰减变慢;随着迭代次数的增加,磁场以低阻体为中心形成等值线环。巷道在早期对场影响较大,晚期则不明显,为解释全空间TEM异常提供参考。 相似文献
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依托“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”工程,对晋城矿区进行了旨在提高小断层,小陷落柱探测能力的高密度三维地震勘探。根据面元选择因素及该区地质任务,采用5m×5m网格进行野外数据采集;考虑炮检距、方位角、覆盖次数、排列片横纵比及煤层埋深（350～500m）等因素,采用中点放炮、60道接收,24次覆盖（横向4次,纵向6次）的8线16炮束状观测系统,基岩中激发。原始资料经同一处理流程后,获得5m×5m×1ms、5m×10m×1ms、10m×10m×1ms及2.5m×2.5m×1ms不同单元的三维数据体多个,通过对比可以发现小断层,小陷落柱在其小面元叠加时间剖面、顺层切片及相干切片都有清晰的反映。实例说明,小面元采集技术可以提高对小构造的纵、横向分辨能力,满足山区对三维地震精确勘探的要求。 相似文献
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本文提出了三度体重磁异常的人机联作校正－迭代反演方法。该方法用二度半组合多边形棱柱体来逼近三度体，从而把三度体重磁异常反演问题转化为二度半体的反演问题；为了消除组合体迭加场的影响，该方法采用了一种校正－迭代技术。理论模型反演计算表明，该方法实际可行。 相似文献
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本文提出了三度体重磁异常的人机联作校正－迭代反演方法。该方法用二度半组合多边形棱柱体来逼近三度体，从而把三度体重磁异常反演问题转化为二度半体的反演问题；为了消除组合体迭加场的影响，该方法采用了一种校正－迭代技术。理论模型反演计算表明，该方法实际可行。 相似文献
13.
松辽盆地北部薄互层复杂构造的精细刻画方法与应用 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
随着勘探开发的深入, 小断块、小砂体及其隐蔽圈闭所形成的油气藏越来越具有商业价值.松辽盆地北部薄互层复杂构造发育, 幅度5~10m的小幅度构造、断距3~5m的小断层、1~2m厚的薄砂体都可能对油气富集起到重要作用, 其精细刻画需要一系列新的技术方法.根据研究区的地质条件和地震资料的情况, 研究了高精度合成地震记录制作方法、三维相干数据体技术及相干切片断层多边形提取方法以及二维叠偏成图精确空间归位方法等.通过这些方法实现了地震地质层位精细标定、断层的精细解释和二维叠偏成图.这些方法在松辽盆地北部的应用表明, 在断层的延伸位置、破碎带宽度等方面, 解释精度比常规方法有很大提高, 并能识别出断距仅为3~5m的小断层, 在二维工区获得了高精度的成图结果, 不仅提高了构造的解释精度, 而且提高了解释的效率.松辽盆地北部薄互层复杂构造的精细刻画是油藏描述和建立精细地质模型的基础. 相似文献
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Surplus Space Method: A New Numerical Model for Prediction of Shallow-seated Magmatic Bodies 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
DENG Jun HUANG Dinghu WANG Qingfei WAN Li YAO Lingqing GAO Bangfei Liu Yan Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics Exploration 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(6):1245-1249
Based on the data of field measurement and drilling in the Tongling area, a series of numerical simulations are carried out by using the "Surplus Space Method" (SSM), which is first put forward in this paper and applied to predict the shallow-seated magmatic bodies. The results of the numerical simulations show the existence and the 3-D shape of a conical magmatic structure at a depth of-1000 m beneath the center of the area: its top offsets southwards and bifurcates to several branches, while its lower part stretches northeastwards and contracts rapidly to a point at about -1000 m depth. This point is reckoned to be a "sink" of magma system, transferring ore materials and heat energy from the deep magma chamber to the sub-surface apophyses. The preliminary application of the SSM proves that it may be developed as a new detection means for determining the existence of shallow-seated magmatic bodies and analyzing their three-dimensional features. 相似文献
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现场调查表明,砂质纹层、凝灰质纹层和天然裂缝广泛地存在于陆相页岩储层中。本文对鄂尔多斯盆地页岩储层中的纹层和天然裂缝进行了多尺度研究,并构建了三维地质结构模型。首先,基于二维裂缝现场调查,利用蒙特卡罗模拟方法建立了研究区域的三维裂缝网络模型。然后通过多种观测手段获得由宏观尺度到微观尺度的纹层结构特征。对多尺度纹层厚度的统计分析表明,米级、分米级、厘米级、毫米级和10微米级等不同研究尺度下的纹层平均厚度分别为2.26 m,2.09 dm,1.70 cm,1.48 mm和11.7 μm,呈现出分形特征,分形维数为1.06;不同研究尺度下的单层厚度均服从负指数分布规律,即各研究尺度下厚度越大的纹层,其层数越少,反之越薄的纹层其数量越多。最后,根据上述纹层平均厚度及概率分布函数特征,建立了页岩的多尺度纹层结构模型,并将其叠加在裂缝网络模型上,生成不同尺度下的页岩三维地质结构模型。模型输出的裂缝、纹层参数与研究区域的真实地质参数有着较好的对比验证。这项研究工作可为页岩气储层的水力压裂数值模拟和物理模型试验提供更可靠的地质模型。 相似文献
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Yucang Wang 《Acta Geotechnica》2009,4(2):117-127
In this paper we propose a new algorithm to simulate the dynamics of 3-D interacting rigid bodies. Six degrees of freedom
are introduced to describe a single 3-D body or particle, and six relative motions and interactions are permitted between
bonded bodies. We develop a new decomposition technique for 3-D rotation and pay particular attention to the fact that an
arbitrary relative rotation between two coordinate systems or two rigid bodies can not be decomposed into three mutually independent
rotations around three orthogonal axes. However, it can be decomposed into two rotations, one pure axial rotation around the
line between the centers of two bodies, and another rotation on a specified plane controlled by another parameter. These two
rotations, corresponding to the relative axial twisting and bending in our model, are sequence-independent. Therefore all
interactions due to the relative translational and rotational motions between linked bodies can be uniquely determined using
such a two-step decomposition technique. A complete algorithm for one such simulation is presented. Compared with existing
methods, this algorithm is physically more reliable and has greater numerical accuracy. 相似文献
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滑坡体三维地质建模与可视化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对滑坡地质研究的自身特点,提出了面向滑坡地质体三维建模的NURBS-BRep混合数据结构和地质结构单元实体构造技术.通过对滑坡基础地质数据的预处理、滑坡数字地形和滑动面的三维建模、地质结构面的系统构造、地质结构体的生成和显示,形成了一套完整的滑坡三维地质模型的构建方法.将该方法应用于某水库滑坡,建立了相应的三维滑坡地质模型,并基于此模型进行了三维剖切分析、数字钻孔、等值线生成、滑块自动剖分、滑坡失稳可视化动态模拟和滑坡体方量精确计算等一系列实用的可视化分析,为滑坡稳定性的准确计算和客观评价提供了有力的支持. 相似文献
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文章根据勘探线地质剖面图钻孔样品化验数据和中段地质平面图坑道样品化验数据,利用Vulcan软件对大尹格庄金矿床矿体建立了两种三维实体模型,并将这两种模型结合起来,利用Datamine软件得到综合后的块体模型;运用地质统计学方法及Surpac软件,分析了①、②号两个矿（脉）体群的Au品位空间变化结构,并求得了搜索椭球体,实现了矿体和Au品位变化形态的空间分布展示;结合三维建模成果与矿体空间变化结构,分析得出了矿化分布规律.②号矿（脉）体群沿NE向继续展布的区域,是寻找深部隐伏矿体的有利部位. 相似文献
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This research is an attempt to accomplish a 3-D resistivity imaging survey, which was carried out near a water well contaminated with hydrocarbon materials in Karbala governorate. Two-dimensional resistivity imaging measurements were collected along four parallel profiles, using a Wenner array with electrode spacing of 1 m. The RES3DINV program was used to invert the apparent resistivity data. The results displayed a resistivity distribution of the subsurface in a three-dimensional volume. Thus, both the horizontal and vertical extents of the contaminated zone were displayed. This technique revealed a low resistivity zone at depth ranges from 3 to 6 m in the investigation area, but the seepage starts at depth ranges between 2 and 3 m and continues down depth (may be to the groundwater level). This low resistivity zone is the most likely location for a subsurface seepage of contaminated water. It is clear that the sufficient measurement points along 2-D lines in a small area can increase the 3-D imaging resolution, and nearly real 3-D imaging can be achieved, when the size of subsurface anomaly compared with the electrode spacing (a) of the Wenner array is taken into consideration. 相似文献
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The morphology and migration rate of tidal bedforms are important because of their use in interpretation of modern and ancient sediment transport regimes. Tidal flow, megaripple morphology and migration were studied in the mesotidal Mawddach Estuary, North Wales, to examine the veracity of published flow-bedform relationships, quantify spatial variations in migration and assess consequences for palaeoflow reconstruction. Two transects were surveyed along a megarippled intertidal shoal (mean grain size 280 μm) for a period of 22 semi-diurnal tidal cycles. A vertical array of current meters recorded tidal current profiles at the centre of one of the transects. Flood tidal currents dominate at Fegla Fach shoal, with peak velocities over 1 m s?1 at spring tides, and 0.5 m s ?1 at neaps, and bed sediment transport was also flood-dominated. Over the lunar cycle, the morphology of the megaripples on the survey lines was divisible into three phases: 1 the neap mode-consisting of near-moribund two-dimensional (2-D) flood-orientated megaripples of wavelength c. 6 m and height c. 0.2 m; 2 a transitional mode-where, on rising tidal ranges, scour pits formed and developed into 3-D megaripples which underwent net migration with the flood tide; 3 the spring mode-consisting of 3-D megaripples of wavelength c. 4 m and height c. 0.2 m. Despite complete re-orientation by the ebb tide, these were recognizable from one low water survey to the next, and net migration was c. 1 m per tide with the flood tide. We infer the presence of the equilibrium ‘spring tidal form’ occurring as flood-orientated megaripples during the flood tide. The data support previously reported separation of 2-D and 3-D megaripples at a depth to grain size ratio of 8000, and at a depth-mean velocity of the dominant tide (Umaxdom) of 0.75-0.8 m s?1. A migration threshold exists at Umaxdom of c. 0.53-0.57 m s?1. Measures of migration which might be used on preserved sections have been applied to the data. These measures systematically overestimated bedform migration at most stages of the lunar cycle (by <25% at spring tides and <140% in the post-spring transition period), but were accurate when the megaripples had developed into their 'spring tidal form’. There is significant variation of migration rates within the survey populations. We conclude that whilst the occurrence of megaripple cross-sets may be used as a palaeoflow indicator, and sedimentary structures associated with 2-D to 3-D transitions may also be indicative of palaeoflows, there are likely to be significant uncertainties involved in using tidal bundles as an indication of sediment transport rates. 相似文献