共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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针对高强开采井田王家岭煤矿综放工作面瓦斯涌出量大、上隅角瓦斯积聚问题，基于岩层控制关键层理论，对顶板垮落走向与倾向采动裂隙发育进行研究。采用数值模拟的方法研究采空裂隙随工作面推进的演化过程，分析顶板裂隙发育高度，确定大直径高位定向长钻孔最佳布孔层位及钻孔结构，并进行工程实践。结果表明，依据关键层理论计算及采动裂隙数值模拟预测层位布设大直径高位定向长钻孔，抽采效果较好，单孔最大抽采纯量2.10 m3/min，最大抽采体积分数31.39%，4个定向长钻孔累计抽采瓦斯纯量28.99万m3，工作面上隅角瓦斯体积分数最低下降至0.46%，瓦斯治理效果显著，解决了上隅角瓦斯超限问题，保障了工作面的安全回采。 相似文献
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韩城矿区碎软煤层发育,煤层透气性差,本煤层钻孔钻进困难,瓦斯抽采效果差。顶板梳状孔水力压裂技术结合了水力压裂技术和定向钻进技术二者的优势,是解决碎软低渗煤层瓦斯抽采难题的有效技术途径。在韩城矿区王峰煤矿3号煤层顶板粉砂岩中施工长钻孔并向煤层开分支,采用套管+封隔器座封的整体压裂方式进行水力压裂工程试验。钻孔总长度344 m,有效压裂长度284 m,累计注水量874.79 m3,最大泵注压力9.4 MPa。试验结束后对钻孔瓦斯抽采相关参数连续监测86 d,钻孔瓦斯抽采体积分数27%~51%,平均42.11%,钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量8.25~21.41 m3/min,平均17.02 m3/min,钻孔累计抽采瓦斯量约210万m3。与常规的穿层钻孔水力冲孔技术相比,该技术百米钻孔瓦斯抽采量提高了11.48倍,初步证明了该技术在碎软煤层瓦斯强化抽采领域的适用性。 相似文献
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梨树煤矿属高瓦斯矿井,矿井瓦斯涌出量大,瓦斯治理形势日趋严峻。为评价梨树煤矿地面煤层气抽采潜力,从评价煤层气地面抽采潜力的关键参数含气量、渗透率入手,采用数值模拟软件CBM-SIM进行产能预测。研究认为,较高含气量的降幅程度及含气饱和度,决定了梨树煤矿主采煤层较好的解吸程度和开发效果。以XX-01井为例,含气饱和度高达99%,含气量降幅可达10.8 m3/t。原生–碎裂结构为主的煤体结构,决定了梨树煤矿主采煤层有较好的渗透性并且储层易改造,增产效果好。产能预测显示,梨树煤矿煤层气直井排采15a,累计产量可达422万m3,且经济效益、安全效益可行。因此,梨树煤矿具有较好地面煤层气抽采潜力。 相似文献
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工作面瓦斯涌出量是采面通风设计及制定采面瓦斯防治措施的主要依据。在收集陈家山煤矿大量瓦斯地质资料基础上,分析了矿井主采4-2号煤层采面瓦斯涌出规律及其影响因素,研究认为,采面瓦斯涌出量为矿井主要瓦斯来源,其涌出量与煤层埋藏深度、煤层瓦斯含量、顶板含油气小街砂岩厚度及工作面日产量等主要控制因素呈正相关关系;采用数学建模方法建立了采面瓦斯涌出量预测模型,编制了采面瓦斯涌出量预测图,结果显示4-2号煤层采面绝对瓦斯涌出量总体呈现出由井田浅部向中部迅速增大,再由中部到深部逐渐减少的变化趋势。 相似文献
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坦家冲、里王庙矿井深部煤层气资源特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
红卫煤矿坦家冲、里王庙井是湖南省瓦斯突出严重的矿井之一，主要开采龙潭组上段6煤层。在水平挤压应力作用下，煤体自上而下形成块状，鳞片状，粉未状“三层结构”，呈透镜壮或藉状“煤包”赋存。煤与瓦斯突出，特别是大型突出多发生在“煤包”底部及其“煤刺”处。矿井历年绝对甲烷涌出量2.45-17.98m^3/min，用钻孔甲烷平均含量计算，全区获资源量53152万m^3。1962－1994年两矿井共抽放瓦斯227万m^3，属于勉强抽放和较难抽放范围，因此建议采用深孔松动爆破卸压抽放方式。 相似文献
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适当加大综放工作面长度已成为煤矿高产高效主要发展方向之一,但工作面采长加大后,瓦斯的涌出量加大,对安全生产带来隐患。通过分析阳泉煤矿三矿综放工作面采长增加后瓦斯涌出量的变化特征,对采长200m以下和200m以上的综放工作面瓦斯涌出影响因素进行了对比研究,认为综放工作面采长增大后,邻近层垮落卸压范围增大,吨煤瓦斯涌出量增加27%;瓦斯涌出总量的增加主要取决于卸压影响范围体积的增加和煤层开采产量的增大。 相似文献
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目前,在波兰41对主要生产矿井中,有23对高瓦斯矿井进行了瓦斯抽放。2004年瓦斯平均抽放率为30%,平均利用率为39%。根据瓦斯地质条件、瓦斯涌出特点和采区通风方式,着重介绍了波兰煤矿强化煤层、围岩和采空区瓦斯抽放,提高矿井瓦斯抽放效率的工艺技术特点。在工作面的瓦斯排放中,注重开采、通风与瓦斯抽放一体化,通过优化抽放钻孔布置,取得钻孔瓦斯抽放的最佳效果,是波兰煤矿瓦斯治理的一项成功经验,成为煤矿持续安全高效生产的重要技术保障。 相似文献
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针对煤矿准备区、规划区瓦斯抽采的时空接续要求不同,基于黑龙江鸡西梨树煤矿瓦斯地面抽采试验井,利用CBM-SIM数值模拟软件对已有试验井的生产数据进行历史拟合,实现了储层的精确表征。通过CBM-SIM软件模拟井组抽采5 a、10 a、15 a的产气情况,以及抽采5 a瓦斯含量动态变化情况,最终确定了不同区域的最佳井间距。模拟结果表明,准备区和规划区最优井间距分别为200 m×250 m和300 m×300 m。准备区布井7口,规划区布井64口;准备区抽采5 a采收率为32.30%~38.20%,瓦斯含量可降至8 m3/t以下,满足矿井安全生产。规划区抽采5 a,采收率为30.00%~39.05%;抽采10 a,采收率为41.78%~52.06%,除规划区Ⅲ、Ⅴ以外,其他区域瓦斯含量均可降低至8 m3/t以下;抽采15 a,采收率为48.20%~62.04%,除规划区Ⅴ以外,其他区域瓦斯含量均可降低至8 m3/t以下。研究成果可为梨树煤矿及其东北其他矿区深部薄煤层区的煤与瓦斯协同共采提供借鉴。 相似文献
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T. D. Ryan 《Environmental Geology》1986,9(1):31-40
Agricultural drainage practices are reviewed under two main headings: arterial drainage of river catch-ments by developing
main channels, and field drainage of smaller parcels of land using pipes and open trenches. The use of cost/benefit analysis
on the arterial drainage program is considered and the inherent errors are discussed. Conservation of the environment is described
as it applies to land-scaping, fisheries, and wildlife, and the drainage authorities are shown to have an enlightened attitude
to proper preservation of the world around us. 相似文献
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J. Mulqueen 《Environmental Geology》1986,9(1):15-22
Peat is an accumulation of partially decomposed plants, chiefly mosses, herbs, and trees, to form a deposit called bog. Complete
decomposition is primarily inhibited by a deficiency of oxygen induced by waterlogging. In the upper layers of raised bogs
and in the so-called blanket bogs, acidity and very low levels of phosphorus may also contribute to impairing decomposition.
Peat types have been classified into blanket, raised, and fen peat. Further subdivisions have been made on the basis of the
plant composition and degree of decomposition. Blanket peat is so called because it covers the landscape, hill and valley.
On the other hand, raised peats are confined to low-lying ground and valleys, and higher ground often protrudes through as
islands of mineral soil ground. The blanket/raised/fen classification has relevance to hydrology and drainage, in particular
to the mode of formation and to the type of drainage solution including outfalls. The nature of the plant composition and
degree of humification have relevance chiefly to physical properties but especially permeability, bulk density, and moisture
content, which also relate to hydrology and drainage. This article examines the formation of peat in a hydrological context
and the drainage of peat deposits through the application of drainage theory to the peat and subpeat deposits, including glacial
drift and bedrocks. 相似文献
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冰川表面水文过程研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
冰面水文过程是冰川径流过程的重要组成部分,对于冰川运动与物质平衡具有重要影响。冰川表面在太阳辐射、冰川物理性质、冰面地形和成冰带空间分布等多种因素影响下消融,形成以冰面水系为主线,锅穴、冰裂隙、冰面湖等为端点的冰面融水输送与分配体系。深入理解冰面水文过程,掌握冰川表面融水的输送、存储与释放,对于研究短时间尺度的冰川融水径流过程、探索冰川动态响应机理具有重要意义。总结回顾了目前国内外冰面水文过程的研究现状,提出了该领域有待解决的主要科学问题。 相似文献
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The paper explores application of the engineered increase in soil permeability, achieved using reaction of guanidinium solutions with smectite soils, to geotechnical problems. The comparison between the finite element analysis of the enhanced permeability model for axisymmetric conditions and a simplified analytical solution demonstrates the importance of accounting for diffusive and dispersive fluxes. In order to illustrate possible practical application of the proposed soil improvement technique, two geotechnical examples have been numerically explored: improving performance of a ground water well and the stabilization of a slope by chemically enhanced drainage. For the well application, it has been demonstrated that for a relatively small degree of treatment, the power consumption can be reduced to a half, compared with the non‐treated soil. For the slope stability application, the water table downstream of the drain can be significantly lowered using moderate pump/collector pressures at the centre of the drain, causing a higher increase in the factor of safety for a larger area subjected to the chemically enhanced drainage. The particularly promising result is that in both applications the largest gain in the well/drain efficiency has been observed for smaller chemically enhanced areas, where a short duration of treatment and small amounts of chemicals decrease the power consumption and increase the safety factor at the highest rate. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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选择水平盲沟、土工席垫及水平和竖向PVC渗管3种排水方案,在黄河山东东明某堤段淤背体冲填施工中进行排水效果试验。通过埋设在淤区内的地下水位观测点,得到淤区内地下水位与时间的变化规律。试验结果表明,采取一定的排水措施能加速淤区土体的固结,但排水效果与排水方案有关;土工席垫排水与水平盲沟排水效果相差不大,且排水效果与淤土厚度有关,3 m左右淤土厚度设置一层水平排水盲沟或土工席垫,其排水效果较好;淤土厚度增加,其排水效果变差;但两者均不能有效防止横向围堤坍塌。采用水平和竖向PVC渗管方案,其排水效果好,特别是设置了竖向PVC渗管,能有效防止横向围堤坍塌。试验成果为黄河放淤固堤工程加速淤背体排水固结设计及施工提供参考。 相似文献
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地下水年龄蕴含了地下水循环与演化过程的信息,是研究盆地地下水循环规律的重要信息来源。利用实测示踪剂年龄校正地下水模型,是当前国际水文地质学研究的前沿与热点。在数值模拟计算中,地下水年龄有三种确定方法,分别是利用"活塞流"模型计算对流年龄、根据同位素浓度结合半衰期计算浓度模拟年龄和利用地下水年龄控制方程计算直接模拟年龄。利用地下水年龄控制方程计算的直接模拟年龄适合于从理论上分析盆地中的地下水年龄空间分布规律。研究发现,在各级次流动系统内,从补给区到排泄区,地下水年龄有整体上变老的趋势;盆地下游,地下水年龄在垂向上会发生突变,可作为识别不同级次流动系统的实用指标。研究还发现,驻点位置或者附近,地下水年龄存在一个偏大的峰值。这些规律可为利用地下水年龄校正盆地地下水模型提供理论指导。 相似文献
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The objective of this work is to present an example of environmental impact of barite waste management observed in stream sediments of the western part of the Kupa River drainage basin. It is a significant water resource for Croatia and a part of Slovenia. In addition, it is for both countries a region of tourism, sport and fishing. Sediments (fraction < 63 μm) collected within the whole drainage basin have shown a significant barium anomaly in the western part. The highest concentration of total barium (5790 mg/kg) was determined in Kupica, a tributary of Kupa River. The barium anomaly was traced in Kupa River about 120 km downstream. Looking for the contamination source it was found that the anomaly originates from uncareful waste disposal into an abyss, after barite separation in Homer (Lokve), Gorski Kotar, Croatia. From there barite entered Kupica River subterraneous. Barite and albite were identified by XRD near the source of Kupica River as minor minerals, while quartz and dolomite ferroan were major minerals. This preliminary report does not give yet an answer about barium solubility in river water, about its bioavailability and consequently about barium pollution in the western part of the Kupa River drainage basin, however the possibility is highlighted and discussed. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1199-1207
The considerable tectonic activity which occurred in the present geologic epoch probably furnishes the reason for the lack of extensive formation of structural eluvium in Siberia and the Black Sea area, the authors suggest. In the more than 70 rivers surveyed in this study if was found that the predominant chemical elements dissolved in the water were readily soluble ones, with little silica as a rule. A striking fact is that the chemical weathering index decreases, while the modulus of solid runoff increases, the more rugged the relief.--AGI Staff. 相似文献
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David J. Burdon 《Environmental Geology》1986,9(1):41-65
Hydrogeological principles and approaches have been applied to the problems of agricultural drainage in Ireland in the hope
that such application will contribute to the better solution of the many drainage problems in Ireland. The legal position
and a short history of drainage in Ireland are given, as well as a list of the many state bodies involved in arterial and
agricultural drainage. The evolution of the present Irish environment is outlined, from the end of the last ice age to the
present day, with emphasis on the formation of lands in need of drainage.
Natural conditions indicate that agricultural drainage was required over some 50% (34,450 km2) of Ireland; the achieved agricultural drainage extends over some 29.3% of the country. Natural conditions affecting drainage
are set out under the headings of topographical, geological, hydrogeological, vegetative, and hydrochemical influences as
well as man's actions with regard to drainage.
The third portion of the article deals with the ways in which areas now requiring agricultural drainage have been formed.
Areas of low or nil infiltration are described, with some emphasis on such occurrences as lacustrine marls, pans of various
types, the effects of the Calp and the Namurian in Carboniferous strate, and conditions under which rejected recharge by overfull
aquifers produces winter marshes. Then areas afflicted by high, but often diffuse, groundwater discharge are noted. And the
effect of bog growth, both raised bogs and blanket bog, are outlined; drainage of bogs is a very specialized operation, mainly
undertaken by Bord na Mona.
Some of the harmful affects of drainage are outlined, as reduction of grazing during rare droughts, of lands suitable for
waterfowl, as well as some pollution from bog drainage. Drainage does not deplete the groundwater resources of Ireland, which
are abundant and little used. The article ends with some general conclusions and a list of some 13 unusual ideas which arise
from the application of hydrogeological principles and approaches to problems of agricultural drainage in Ireland. 相似文献