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1.
Accumulation, transport and toxicity of Cu in the food chain consisting ofPlatymonas subcordiformis, Brachionus plicatilis andPenaeus monodon were studied. Effects of Cu on the growth of organisms in the food chain were investigated and the inhibiting effect concentration
(EC50) of Cu was then determined according to the dynamics of the relative number of cells or total individuals of organisms, expressed
in percentages with reference to the controlled system, under different culture conditions. On the basis of the variations
in accumulation and percentages of accumulation of Cu in the biological phase, the relationship between the accumulation of
Cu in organisms and its toxicity was analyzed and the main approach for determining the transport of Cu in the food chain
was then discussed.
Project 3880644 supported by NSFC. 相似文献
2.
This paper is based on the results of simulation experiments and annual observations on the effect of Cr, Cu, Hg, and Zn on
diatom (Chaetoceros sp.Skeletonema costatum andMelosira sulcata) growth. Laboratory experiments reveal many physico-chemical parameters play an important role in the toxicity and accumulation
of metals in organisms. The mesotrophic level in the water environment is related to phytoplankton growth. A higher nutrient
level can have a negative impact on diatom production. Several of the above metals coexist in the investigated region and
exert mainly a negative effect on growth.
This paper was published in Chinese in theOceanologia et Limnologia Sinica
17(3):173–183, 1986. 相似文献
3.
The present paper reports Zn,Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni,Fe,Mn and Co contents in the tissues of oyster,solen,red-tail prawn,sea eel and kelp,taken from Meizhou Bay(and analysed by flame atomicabsorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion)in June 1992,and also the concentration factors esti-mated from the mean metal concentrations in the organisms and water there.Heavy metal concentrationsin every species of the organisms followed the pattern:Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn>Pb,Cd,Ni,Co and in variousorganisms showed considerable variation.In general,levels of most of these metals were in the order:softtissues of the bivalves>the kelp>muscles of the red-tail prawn,the sea eel.The greatest concentrationof most metals was found in the gill or viscera of the sea eel,whereas the muscle tissues,in general,con-tained only low concentrations of them.The Cu,Zn concentration factors of the oyster were higher by1—2 orders of magnitude than that of the other organisms.The observed heavy metal levels were closeto those reported from various waters 相似文献
4.
The bioavailability of five divalent cationic heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn and Ni) in 10 superficial sediment samples from Baihua Lake was assessed based on the molar ratio of simultaneously extracted metals(SEMs) to acid volatile sulfide(AVS).Atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) were used to determine the heavy metal concentrations and examine the mineralogy of the crystalline phases,respectively.The AVS loadings in sediments from Baihua Lake ranged from 64.30 to 350.08 μmol/g(dry weight).The corresponding SEM levels for the sampling sites varied from 1.770 to 14.660 μmol/g.The molar ratio of SEMs to AVS ranged from 0.014 to 0.084 with a mean value of 0.034.The XRD analysis also confirmed the presence of some metal sulfides in sediments from Baihua Lake.The SEMs/AVS ratios for all sampling sites were significantly lower than 1.0,indicating that AVS in the sediments was sufficient to bind the five heavy metals;thus,these heavy metals are currently not significantly bioavailable to benthic organisms.Comparing the SEMs results to published guideline values for metal toxicity to benthic organisms in sediments,however,suggests that Zn and Ni pose a risk at some sampling locations in Baihua Lake. 相似文献
5.
Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in clams （Ruditapes philippinarum） in Jiaozhou Bay, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues
of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged
from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw, in the most and least polluted sites, respectively.
The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly
represented by short chain (<nC23) n-alkanes, suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source. The selective uptake of 3 and
4 ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, by the clams was probably related to the
physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings. Accumulation
of the metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability, ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw.
Among the 7 detected metals, Zn, Cd, Cu, and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R. philippinarum. In general, a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons
and of some metals. Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and low to moderate contamination
with metals, currently exists for clam R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay, in comparison with other regional studies. A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment
of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay. 相似文献
6.
K. K. I. U. Arunakumara ZHANG Xuecheng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(1):60-64
7.
STUDY ON PREDICTION FOR TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION OF DREDGED MATTER IN JIAOZHOU BAY, CHINA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤｒｅｄｇｅｄｍａｔｔｅｒｉｓａｍｉｘｔｕｒｅｏｆｍｕｄｄｙｓａｎｄａｎｄｍａｒｉｎｅｗａｔｅｒ,ａｎｄｉｎｉｔｉａｌｌｙｖａｒｉｅｓｎｏｒｍａｌｌｙｉｎｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｆｒｏｍ 1 .2ｔｏ 1 .5ｇ ｃｍ3ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｄｒｅｄｇｅｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｓｅａｂｅｄｐｒｏｐｅｒ ｔｙ.Ａｆｔｅｒｄｒｅｄｇｅｄｍａｔｔｅｒｏｎａｂｏａｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｄａｔａｆｉｘｅｄｐｏｉｎｔ,ｉｔｓｓｅｔｔｌｉｎｇｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｃａｎｂｅ… 相似文献
8.
为配合辽宁省钱币学会考古研究工作，本文拟定了一个测定古钱币中铜、锡、铅的分析方法。该方法具有取样量少，操作方便，结果准确的特点，用于３２枚古钱币中铜、锡、铅的测定，分析结果理想。 相似文献
9.
陈国阶 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1991,1(4):324-336
Endemic fluorosis is given rise to by human intake of excess fluorine from environment by way of food chain. In China it is one of the extensively prevalent endemic diseases and its distribution shows clearly regional characteristics. In macroscopic sight, three large fluorosis zones may be divided: (1) The arid and semi-arid plains in the north of China. These regions have a dry climate, making fluorine accumulation in the Quaternary deposits. Thus, the drinking water with high content of fluorine is the main cause of the disease formation. (2) The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. In the region, rocks and soils rich in fluorine bring about fluorine excess in crop food. This plays an important role in the disease formation. (3) Southeast hills. The hot spring with high content of fluorine leads to fluorosis.The fluorine absorbed by people from the environment is firstly from the drinking water and secondly from the crop food originating from soil. The fluorine in the air can be accumulated in crop leaves to make 相似文献
10.
The toxicity of seven major HAB (harmful algal bloom) species/strains, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Phaeocystis globosa, Prorocentrum micans, Alexandrium tamarense (AT-6, non-PSP producer), Alexandrium lusitanicum, Alexandrum tamarense (ATHK) and Heterosigma akashiwo were studied against rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under laboratory conditions. The results show that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6), or A. lusitanicum could maintain the individual survival and reproduction, as well as the population increase of the rotifer, but the individual reproduction would decrease when exposed to these five algae at higher densities for nine days; H. akashiwo could decrease the individual survival and reproduction, as well as population increase of the rotifer, which is similar to that of the starvation group, indicating that starvation might be its one lethal factor except for the algal toxins; A. tamarense (ATHK) has strong lethal effect on the rotifer with 48h LC50 at 800 cells/mL. The experiment on ingestion ability indicated by gut pigment change shows that P.donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6) and A. lusitanicum can be taken by the rotifers as food, but A. tamarense (ATHK) or H. akashiwo can be ingested by the rotifers. The results indicate that all the indexes of individual survival and reproduction, population increase, gut pigment change of the rotifers are good and convenient to be used to reflect the toxicities of HAB species. Therefore, rotifer is suggested as one of the toxicity testing organisms in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae. 相似文献
11.
1 IntroductionAnicecoreobtainedfrom polarglaciersoricesheetsisoneofthemostimportantarchivestoreconstructpaleoclimaticandpaleoatmosphericcondition .Informationonpale o environmentcanbeextractedfromicecoresaschemicaland/orphysicalsignals.Amongthechemicalsignals,heavymetalsarenotedassignalsofterrestrialenvironmentalchangeandanthropogenicpollution (e.g .Murozumietal.1 969;NgandPatterson 1 981 ;Hongetal.1 994) .SinceconcentrationsofmostofthemetalsinpolarsnowincentralGreen landareatorbelowthepptl… 相似文献
12.
桓仁—宽甸金、有色金属矿比集中区是华北地台北缘太平洋成矿带的重要成矿区。通过区域成矿地质背景和控矿因素的分析,划分了六种区域成矿类型及两大成矿系列,建立了区域多元成矿模式。沉积变质改造型铅锌、金、铜矿产受辽吉古裂谷含矿岩系中的特定层位控制,成矿物质来源于海底火山作用。中生代有色金属矿产受燕山晚期不同阶段特定岩性控制,第一阶段受张剪性断裂控制的中性、中酸性侵入岩与铜(铁)、金关系密切;第二阶段的中酸性脉岩控制部分铅锌、铜矿床;第三阶段的中酸性浅成、超浅成侵入体与铝、铅锌、铜矿有关。中寒武世地层可提供部分矿质,并成为接触交代型矿床的最佳赋矿层位。 相似文献
13.
马宏斌 《地球科学与环境学报》1999,(Z1)
根据对钻井、岩心观察和分析化验所取得的资料研究兴北地区沙河街组沉积特征，以查明有利油气聚集相带。此外，还提出了沉积模式和油气形成机制，分析了有利油气储集条件。最后通过分析研究部署了兴６０４ 滚动探井，取得了较好的应用效果 相似文献
14.
For the purpose of fishery development, a hydrobiological investigation of Lake Chenhu was carried out in 1983 with reference
to the productivity of various food organisms as well as fish. Of the entire lake, the annual net primary production was determined
to be 27,818×106 kcal for phytoplankton, 2,898×106 kcal for macrophytes and 64,840×106 kcal for wet land vegetation. The annual secondary production chiefly from gastropods was 2,632×106 kcal. On the basis of 1981–1982 fishery data, the production of the main stocked fishes in the lake was also roughly computed.
Analysing all obtained production data, we find the energy conversion rate of food organisms to fish in the water at the present
stage is fairly low. Even in 1982, the year of better fishery management, food energy converted to plankton feeders or herbivores
was only 1.6–1.8%; energy converted to fish yield was even lower, only 0.2–0.8%. To get a potential fish output of the ecosystem,
a tentative estimation of fishery capacity of Lake Chenhu was made by using the index of food quotients and relevant conversion
factors. The theoretical fish production in the lake is estimated to be around 6,000 t and, through the improvement of fishery
management, an annual fish yield of 2,000 t can be expected. 相似文献
15.
西天山金属矿产十分丰富，是我国重要的Ｃｕ、Ａｕ 等多金属成矿带。金属矿床的形成及其成矿特点与大地构造背景密切相关。在拉张大地构造背景下主要形成与中基性和中酸性火山岩有关的Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ａｕ 等矿床，次为与中酸性侵入岩有关的Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ、Ｗ、ＰｂＺｎ 等矿床及与基性、超基性侵入岩有关的ＣｕＮｉ 矿床。在挤压大地构造背景下，主要形成与重熔型花岗岩有关的斑岩型、矽卡岩型和热液型Ｃｕ矿、Ａｕ 矿等，次为沉积改造型ＰｂＺｎ 矿和Ｃｕ 矿床。文中还讨论了大地构造演化的不同时期金属矿床形成的主要特点，并据大地构造背景等成矿条件对西天山北部进行了找矿预测。 相似文献
16.
Tissue-specific bioaccumulation and oxidative stress responses in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to mercury 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To understand mercury (Hg) toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposure (control, 5, 40, and 160 μg/L Hg) for 28 d, fish growth was significantly reduced. The accumulation of Hg in fish was dose-dependent and tissue-specific, with the maximum accumulation in kidney and liver, followed by gills, bone, and muscle. Different antioxidants responded differently to Hg exposure to cope with the induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO), which was also tissue-specific and dosedependent. As Hg concentration increased, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly, whereas glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased significantly in the gills. SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and the GSH level increased significantly in the liver. SOD activity and GSH levels increased significantly, but CAT activity decreased significantly with an increase in Hg concentration in the kidney. LPO was induced significantly by elevated Hg in the gills and kidney but was least affected in the liver. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers in gills were more sensitive than those in the liver and kidney to Hg exposure. Thus, the gills have potential as bioindicators for evaluating Hg toxicity in juvenile flounder. 相似文献
17.
18.
Spatial distribution and seasonal variations of heavy metal contamination in surface waters of Liaohe River,Northeast China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Heavy metal pollutants are a worldwide concern due to slow decomposition, biocondensation, and negative effects on human health. We investigated seasonal and spatial variations of the five heavy metals and evaluated their health risk in the Liaohe River, Northeast China. A total of 324 surface water samples collected from 2009 to 2010 were analyzed. Levels (high to low) of heavy metals in the Liaohe River were: zinc (Zn) > chromium (Cr) > copper (Cu) > cadmium (Cd) > mercury (Hg). Spatial and seasonal changes impacting concentrations of Cu and Zn were significant, but not significant for Cr, Cd and Hg. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were: Hg at Liuheqiao, Cu at Fudedian, Zn at Tongjiangkou, Cr at Mahushan, and Cd at Shenglitang. The highest concentrations of Hg and Cr were found in the wet period, Cu and Cd in the level period, and Zn in the dry period. The surface water of a tributary was an important accumulation site for heavy metals. Health risks from carcinogens and non-carcinogens increased from upstream to downstream in the mainstream of the Liaohe River. The total health risk for one person in the Liaohe River exceeded acceptable levels. The total health risk was the greatest during the wet period and least in the dry period. Among the five heavy metals in the Liaohe River, Cr posed the greatest single health risk. 相似文献
19.
Ammonium overloading is a common response of aquatic organisms to air exposure during transport. This study elucidated the relationship between ammonium overloading and mortality of crab Portunus trituberculatus. Additionally, we also explored the effects of emersion time and air temperature on ammonium loading and concomitant physiological change. To test the air temperature effect, the crab was exposed to 16, 23 and 30℃ in air for 3 h, respectively, and then recovered in seawater at 23℃ for 12 h. To test the emersion time effect, crab was exposed to 23℃ in air for 0.5 and 3 h, respectively, and then recovered in seawater at 23℃ for 12 h. In the control group, crab was always immersed at 23℃. At each time interval(0.5, 1.5 and 3 h during air exposure and 0.5, 2, 4 and 12 h during recovery), ammonium excretion rate, level of total ammonium, total free amino acids and urea concentration in hemolymph and the hepatopancreas enzyme activity involved in detoxifying ammonium were analysed. Results showed that crab mortality was positively related with emersion time and temperature while ammonium loading was lower at 16 and 30℃ than at 23℃. For crab experiencing thermal inconsistence of culture media(i.e., 16 or 30℃), they were higher in ammonium excretion rate and activities of ammonium detoxification enzymes, which may be the reason that they had a lower ammonium loading. Prolonged emersion time(3.0 h vs. 0.5 h) increased the ammonium overloading and the activity of ammonium detoxification pathways in crab. Our results demonstrated that emersion-induced ammonium overloading may not be the main reason leading to P. trituberculatus death during air exposure and subsequent recovery. When the culture medium changed, thermal variation, compared with constant temperature, could reduce ammonium overloading in crab by elevating the activities of ammonium detoxification enzymes and ammonium excretion rate during recovery period. 相似文献
20.
The southern sea area of the Huludao City, Liaoning Province might be polluted by heavy metals because it is close to the Jinzhou Bay, one of the heaviest sea area polluted by heavy metals in China. The undisturbed modern sediment core can be used to analyze the accumulation and source of the pollutants using 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex . Thirty-five samples of surface sediment and two core sediments were collected from the southern sea area of Huludao City. The concentrations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chrome (Cr), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in the surface sediments as well as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex in the core sediments were determined to research the spatial distribution and accumulation characteristics, and to analyze the sources and the potential risks of heavy metals. The results show that the pollution levels of Zn and Hg are serious, and 26 stations are at moderate or heavy ecological risks. The concentrations of the heavy metals increase from east to west, as well as from open sea to offshore marine area. The concentrations of heavy metals are not high in the sediments adjacent to the Jinzhou Bay, and the influence caused by the seawater exchange with the Jinzhou Bay is little. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the core sediments show low-high-low characteristic, and it coincides with the pollution history of Huludao City. The atmospheric deposition of heavy metals from the Huludao Zinc Plant is likely to be the main source of pollution without direct discharge of wastewater. The high concentrations of heavy metals appear on the upper sediment of 20 cm. The shallow sediment with high heavy metal contents might be exposed to surface when it was disturbed by the ocean engineering and big storm surge, then cause risk to the safety of aquaculture and human healthy. 相似文献