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利用从属函数、变差率和趋势速率方法提取甘肃模拟水位观测资料的地震前兆异常。结果表明:(1)1987年1月至2011年9月,4项水位资料共出现31次从属函数异常、29次变差率异常和23次趋势速率异常。其中,22次从属函数异常、21次变差率异常和14次趋势速率异常很好地对应了甘肃及邻区MS5.0以上地震。通过分析异常特征及其与地震的关系,提出中强地震时间预测的指标与方法,得出甘肃模拟水位从属函数计算的经验常数以及变差率和趋势速率的异常阈值;(2)用从属函数、变差率和趋势速率方法定量提取异常结果较为理想,通过对异常识别方法的效能评价,得到的R值均大于R0值,表明该方法信度至少为97.5%,说明3种方法具有实效性。 相似文献
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甘肃东南部水氡中期异常特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用从属函数、变差率以及趋势速率方法提取甘肃东南部水氡观测资料的地震前兆异常.结果表明,1984年1月至2009年12月,7项水氡资料共出现47次从属函数异常、45次变差率异常和39次趋势速率异常.其中,33次从属函数异常、35次变差率异常和30次趋势速率异常很好地对应了甘肃及邻区震中距在33～585 km范围内发生的5～8级地震.通过分析异常特征及其与地震的关系,提出中强震和强震时间预测的指标与方法,得出甘肃东南部水氡从属函数计算的经验常数,以及变差率和趋势速率的异常阈值. 相似文献
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运用mapsis软件前兆异常分析中的差分、从属函数和变差对新20号井水位进行异常识别,结果认为:(1)差分、从属函数和变差异常形态均为高值异常;(2)差分和变差对近场M<,s>≥5地震漏报率较高,但有异常出现时,后续往往有地震对应,而从属函数对近场M<,s>≥5映震率为66.7%,对远场M<,s>≥7映震率为71.4%... 相似文献
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应用模糊识别方法对重复流动重力北京测网和张家口测线自１９８７年以来的观测结果进行异常模糊识别，分析了测网附近的中强地震前后从属函数异常的时空分布特征。结果表明，在几次中强地震前，从属函数均有较明显的异常，模糊识别方法不夫为异常分析的一种有效方法。 相似文献
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《地震研究》2017,(2)
选取2009—2015年云南地区观测连续、稳定的水温观测资料共34项,采用异常过程和从属函数分析方法联合提取异常,分析水温异常与M_S≥5.0地震的关系。结果表明:该方法提取的单项异常,具有短期指示意义,与地震有较好的对应关系,但地震的漏报率较高;采用异常频次和权重集成方法提取的全省群体异常与全省的M_S≥5.0地震对应较好,减少了漏报,并可以通过置信度为97.5%的R值评分检验。按构造和地震活动进行分区后,提取小区域的水温群体异常,并只考虑对应本区的地震,则各区域内出现异常的虚报和漏报率均显著增加。分析其原因,认为水温异常和地震都是区域构造活动增强的产物,群体异常能更好地刻画区域构造活动增强,在构造活动增强的背景下是有利于地震发生的,因此区域的群体异常有更好的对应效能;异常过程和从属函数方法提取的水温异常能较好地表达震前水温变化加剧的特征,区域的群体异常可以作为云南地区有M_S≥5.0地震的短期时间判据。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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