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由汤阴断陷、济源断陷、洛阳断陷所组成的新月型断陷带与汾渭断陷带有着近似的构造特征。断陷带是一个断裂活动带,断陷盆地带,地震活动带,并由此构成断块之间的活动性边缘。近代,该区地震活动虽然微弱,但具备着发生中强地震的构造条件,所以应当做好该区的地震观测与研究工作。 相似文献
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本文首先给出利用航磁异常反演壳内磁化强度的方法和汾渭断陷带壳内磁化强度分布图。以此探讨了汾渭断陷盆地的磁性结构构造与地震活动的关系及其深部地质含义。 相似文献
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《地震地质》2016,(2)
汾渭裂谷带由2组走向不同的盆地组成:以拉张为主的NEE向盆地(或盆地系)和以右旋走滑为主的NNE向盆地。相邻NEE向盆地(或盆地系)间的连接区由NNE向盆地和地垒组成。汾渭裂谷带南、北段总体走向NEE并以拉张为主,中段总体走向NNE且具走滑兼拉张的性质。汾渭裂谷带各段具有以下特征:各裂谷段新生代盆地按照先南、再北、后中段的时间顺序形成;盆地连接区规模依中、北、南段递减;忻定盆地东端平行于裂谷带北段走向延伸成NEE向,西端沿逆时针方向旋转成NNE向,而临汾盆地与忻定盆地呈近似反对称的展布。但是已有模拟实验或数值实验均无法解释这些特征,原因在于它们忽略了裂谷分段性对NEE向盆地及其连接区演化的控制作用。文中结合已有地质调查资料,基于黏土实验和数字图像相关方法,观测了在基底的分段右旋剪切拉张作用下上覆黏土盖层的裂陷过程,并对黏土盖层表面的变形场时空演化进行了定量分析。实验再现了汾渭裂谷带的主要构造特征,结果表明:1)裂谷带南、北、中段偏斜角(裂谷带两侧块体的相对运动方向与裂谷带走向之间的夹角)的依次递减是造成NEE向盆地的形成时间和连接区规模在各裂谷段呈现上述特征的原因。2)相邻NEE向盆地的相互作用是形成具有右旋剪切拉张的NNE向连接区的原因。3)相邻裂谷段之间的相互作用可能是造成忻定盆地和临汾盆地特殊构造特征的原因。因此,汾渭裂谷带各段的构造差异主要源于各段偏斜角的差异。但模型还存在不足之处,其中值得进一步完善的是模型未考虑汾渭裂谷带先存构造的影响,因而未能详细模拟汾渭裂谷带南、北段内盆地的构造特征。 相似文献
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山西断陷带垂直形变特征及其成因初探 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文综合研究了山西断陷带垂直形变的空间分布特征及其与本区深、浅部结构，构造和地壳价质物性特征的关系；结合浅部地震地溶部探测的研究结果，初步探讨了本区现代垂直形变的成因。研究结果表明：１．垂直形变测量揭示出山西断陷带的现代垂向构造活动具有明显的分段性。，即晋北地区以北东至北东东向构造活动为主；同时，也反映了浅部构造活动和地壳介质的特征特征对地壳形变的制约作用；２．山西断陷带内主要盆地的垂直形变与其深 相似文献
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在进行山西省1/50万卫片地质解译工作中,发现纵贯汾渭断陷盆地的中段,有一条明显的线性构造影象,它切过了晋中、临汾和运城盆地。由于其走向与汾河在上兰村以下河段的流向基本一致。故称之为“汾河新构造断裂带”。地震勘探资料证实了汾河断裂带的存在及其新构造活动性。山西地震带的震中沿汾河一线分布表明汾河新构造断裂带对山西地震的分布有着举足轻重的作用。 相似文献
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汾渭断陷带现今垂直形变与近期地震活动性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文针对2008年汶川地震后鄂尔多斯块体周缘出现的小震活跃现象, 利用分布于汾渭断陷带不同部位的跨断裂水准资料, 分析了其近期的垂直形变演化过程。 结果表明: ① 各水准剖面的垂直差异运动幅度基本稳定在±20 mm之间, 且在小震活动期间未出现明显的形变异常; ② 鄂尔多斯块体周缘近期小震活跃可能是缘于汶川地震后, 青藏块体挤压应力减弱, 华北块体对其推挤作用相对增强而造成鄂尔多斯块体的水平挤压应力场的“暂态失稳”所致。 相似文献
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综合分析了前人对青藏高原岩石层构造和动力学研究的成果,提出印度板块和欧亚板块会聚、大陆碰撞及大陆形变的基本特征为青藏高原地壳的加厚和地壳缩短,地壳物质的横向流动;青藏高原隆升过程呈现出阶段性、多样性和复杂性;组成青藏高原的各块体可能有不同的主导隆升机制．认识到在板块构造理论所揭示的全球构造格局中,青藏高原不仅仅是印度板块和欧亚板块会聚、碰撞以及大陆形变的结果,它也是青藏高原大陆岩石层和下伏地幔物质运动的相互耦合、相互作用的结果．从地幔动力学的角度出发讨论了青藏高原隆升的断离险升－挤压隆升－对流隆升三阶段模式（ＢＣＣＭ）,结合数值模拟的结果分析了与此模式相对应的该区域岩石层构造、运动的地幔深部物质运移和动力学背景． 相似文献
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将大陆岩石层视为由幂指数律控制的一层薄层,它上伏在粘滞性较低的软流层之 上蠕变流动,其运动限制在与东亚大陆构造形态较相似的边界模型的梯形框架之中．设印度 板块以一恒定的速度向北推进,并被视为青藏高原挤压隆升的主要动力．用数值模拟的方法 研究了青藏高原的挤压隆升演化过程,并对数值模拟的隆升过程作了剥蚀修正．结果表明, 由挤压模型所产生的地形和现代青藏高原及其邻区的地形格局比较吻合．同时也表明,挤压 隆升过程受多种因素（如岩石层的力学特性、边界条件以及剥蚀作用）的制约,无论从空间还 是从时间上看,模拟所反映的高原隆升都是不均匀的演化过程． 相似文献
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《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2006,241(3-4):913-931
Evidence of long-term, late Cenozoic uplift, as well as strike-slip faulting, is revealed by topographic and geological features along the northern 500 km of the Dead Sea fault system (DSFS)—the transform boundary between the Arabian and African plates in the eastern Mediterranean region. Macro-geomorphic features are studied using a new, high-resolution (20 m pixel) digital elevation model (DEM) produced by radar interferometry (InSAR). This DEM provides a spatially continuous view of topography at an unprecedented resolution along this continental transform from 32.5° to 38° N. This section of the left-lateral transform can be subdivided into a 200 km long Lebanese restraining bend (mostly in Lebanon), and the section to the north (northwest Syria). Spatial variations in Cenozoic bedrock uplift are inferred through mapping of topographic residuals from the DEM. Additionally, high altitude, low-relief surfaces are mapped and classified in the Mount Lebanon and Anti Lebanon ranges that also provide references for assessing net uplift. These results demonstrate an asymmetric distribution of post-Miocene uplift between the Mt. Lebanon and Anti Lebanon ranges. Antecedent drainages also imply that a major episode of uplift in the Palmyride fold belt post-dates the uplift of the Anti Lebanon region. North of the restraining bend, the Late Miocene surface is preserved beneath spatially extensive lava flows. Hilltop remnants of this paleosurface demonstrate Pliocene-Quaternary uplift and tilting of the Syrian Coastal Range, adjacent to the DSFS north of the restraining bend. This late Cenozoic uplift is contemporaneous with strike-slip along the DSFS. Geometrical relationships between folds and strike-slip features suggest that regional strain partitioning may accommodate a convergent component of motion between the Arabian and African plates. This interpretation is consistent with regional plate tectonic models that predict 10–25° of obliquity between the relative plate motion and the strike of the DSFS north of the restraining bend. We suggest that this convergent component of plate motion is responsible for uplift along and adjacent to the DSFS in the Syrian Coastal Range, as well as within the Lebanese restraining bend. 相似文献
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抗拔承载力是桩基设计的重要组成部分,随着海上风电场的建设,海洋工程中出现了越来越多需要提供足够抗拔力的抗拔桩。现有规范中桩基抗拔承载力的计算来源于对抗压承载力的修正,理论研究成果也仅限于半经验法及极限平衡算法,因此与实测数据存在较大差异。系统阐述现有的桩基抗拔承载力计算方法,并结合实际工程计算桩基的抗拔承载力,对比各种计算方法的结果发现:黏土中API规范法计算的桩基上拔承载力更接近实测值;Meyerhof和Das算法适合计算长径较小的桩;Chattopadhyay和Shanker算法适用于砂土中抗拔桩的计算;现有抗拔承载力计算方法忽略了黏土中的黏附力和负孔隙水压力,导致计算结果与实测值偏差较大。 相似文献
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A number of investigations in the recent decades have shown that footing uplift can reduce the seismic loading on a structure. Guidelines to design a structure with seismic uplift capability have been proposed. However, these studies mainly focus on the structural response and neglect the impact forces on the footing from re‐contact between the footing and the supporting medium. A small number of computational studies of the induced forces on the footing have been performed. This paper presents the results of free vibrations and shake table tests on a single degree‐of‐freedom model of a bridge pier with footing uplift on a rigid base. Two support conditions are considered, that is, footing fixed to the base and footing free to uplift on a rigid base. Load cells were placed at the interface of the footing and rigid base to measure the contact forces during structural vibration. The footing responses of both flexible and rigid structures due to free vibration are compared. The results show that the flexibility of the structure has significant effects on footing uplift duration and amplitude and reduces the contact force, in some cases very significantly. The flexible structure was also subjected to harmonic base excitations. It is found that varying the characteristics of the excitation changes the uplift amplitude but does not affect the contact force significantly. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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华北地区地壳上地幔S波三维速度结构 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用华北地区大型流动地震台阵的记录资料,采用近震和远震联合成像方法,得到了水平分辨率0.5°×0.5°、深至600km的S波速度结构.研究结果表明,上地壳S波速度结构与地表地质构造基本一致,燕山—太行山山脉均呈现高速异常,延庆—怀来盆地、大同盆地表现为低速异常,华北盆地内部的拗陷和隆起分别呈现低速和高速.唐山地区中地壳、山西裂陷盆地中下地壳存在明显的低速异常,可能分别与流体和热物质作用有关,有利于形成孕育强震的地质构造环境.90km的速度结构图像依然与地表的构造特征有较大的相关性,可能说明深部结构对地表构造有一定的控制作用.燕山隆起区岩石圈的厚度可达120～150km左右,华北盆地的岩石圈厚度可能在80km左右,太行山地区的岩石圈厚度介于两者之间.山西裂陷盆地上地幔低速层较厚,反映了该区不稳定的构造环境造成了地幔热物质的上涌.华北盆地下方220～320km出现的高速异常体,可能揭示了华北盆地上地幔仍然存在拆沉后残留的难熔、高密度的古老岩石圈地幔.研究区东部地幔转换带呈低速异常,推测可能与太平洋板块俯冲至该区下方地幔转换带前缘120°E左右的俯冲板块相变脱水有关. 相似文献
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地铁车站的地震液化上浮是地下结构常见的灾害之一,对处于液化场地的地铁车站需增加抗液化及抗浮措施。通过数值分析的方法对比分析了抗拔桩和隔离墙2种抗浮措施的作用机理及作用效果,研究了车站的上浮位移、地表变形和周围土体超孔隙水压比等动力响应。结果表明:设置抗拔桩可提供抗拔力,隔离墙可有效阻挡液化土的流动,因此地铁车站的上浮位移明显减小;抗拔桩的长度进入非液化土层时抗浮效果最佳;隔离墙的抗浮效果随着与车站主体的距离增加而减弱。通过该项研究,可为液化场地中地铁车站的抗浮设计提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
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Allowing flexible structures to uplift and rock during earthquakes can significantly reduce the force demands and residual displacements. However, such structures are still susceptible to large deformations and accelerations that can compromise their functionality. In this paper, we examine the dynamic response of elastic rocking oscillators and suggest that their lateral drifts and accelerations can be limited effectively by using inerter devices. To this end, we offer a detailed examination of the effects of structural flexibility on the efficiency of the proposed system. The analytical expressions governing the motion of deformable structures with base uplift are revisited to incorporate the effects of the supplemental rotational inertia. The proposed model is then used to study the structural demands of flexible rocking structures under coherent pulses as well as noncoherent real pulse-like ground motions. Our results show that combining rocking with inerters can be an efficient strategy to control the deformation and acceleration demands in uplifting flexible systems. 相似文献
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本文从应力场角度分析了1976年唐山地震发生的可能力源。震前唐山地区除受有太平洋板块和印度板块的作用外,主要受有附近的热力源的作用。以渤中为中心的下辽河—渤中—黄骅上地幔隆起的高温区和沧东断裂水平温度梯度带的存在,使唐山地区位于热应力集中区。本文根据已有的观测结果,提出了将温度变化区简化为圆形、狭长矩形和椭圆形等三个力学模式,分别求得它们的解析解,并计算了它们的热应力场。结果表明:在增温区以内,正应力都是压应力,剪应力很小。在增温区以外,法向应力为压应力,周向应力为张应力,水平剪应力较大,但各个应力分量随着距离增加而衰减,只在增温区的边缘地带达到最大值,其数值有几百巴的数量级。唐山恰好位于该增温区的边缘地带,表明热力源是促使唐山地震发生的重要原因。 除唐山地震外,华北地区近年发生的几个大地震如邢台、河间、渤海、海城地震,以及1983年发生的菏泽地震,均位于热应力的高值地带,这些地震的孕育和发生显然也与热力源的作用有关。 相似文献
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Non-uniform sediment incipient velocity 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
Haitao XU Jinyou LU and Xiaobin LIU Master Yangtze River Scientific Research Insitute Wuhan China. Prof. Yangtze River Scientific Research Insitute Wuhan China 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(1):69-75
Based on the mechanism of non-uniform sediment incipient motion, the dragging force and uplift force coefficient expressions are put forward for the non-uniform bed material exposure and close alignment state. The incipient velocity formula of the non-uniform sediment is then established. It is shown that the formula structure is reasonable, and fine particles of the non-uniform sediment are more difficult to set into motion than the same sized uniform particles, whereas coarser particles are easier to set into motion than their uniform equivalents. The validity of the formula is verified by field and experiment data. 相似文献