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1.
衡水地区多年超采深层地下水,形成了以衡水市区为中心的区域地下水降落漏斗,改变了初始的水动力场和水化学场。运用聚类分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、氯碱指数、离子相关关系方法分析了该地区历史时期和现阶段深层地下水的水文地球化学特征及其演化规律,探讨了水化学组分的来源及形成机制。结果表明：该地区深层地下水水化学演化受到了较大的人类活动影响,根据Q型聚类分析将研究区划分为补给、径流、排泄3个水化学分区。20世纪70年代到现阶段,随降落漏斗产生发展,研究区形成了新的局部补径排关系,加强了地下水对围岩的溶滤作用,导致研究区水化学场发生了变化,径流区地下水水化学类型由Cl·HCO3-Na、HCO3·Cl-Na和SO4·Cl-Na转化为SO4·Cl-Na和Cl·SO4-Na,排泄区地下水水化学类型由Cl·HCO3-Na和Cl-Na转化为Cl-Na。Gibbs图和离子关系显示,研究区现阶段深层地下水在降落漏斗影响下,水化学组分主要受岩石风化、阳离子交替吸附和脱碳酸作用控制。 相似文献
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黑河下游土壤和地下水盐分特征分析 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
根据405个土壤样品和101个水样,分析了黑河下游土壤盐分分布规律以及与地形地貌部位、地下水水化学的关系.结果表明:额济纳三角洲地区的土壤具有质地粗、含盐量高、盐分表聚性强的特征,该地区呈现盐碱化和沙漠化严重、可利用土地资源骤减、生态环境恶化的状况.在所有剖面上盐分的分布呈现漏斗型分布,土壤中盐分随地形变化较为复杂,但与地下水化学变化相一致.地下水矿化度普遍比较高,大多数地区的矿化度在800~3000 mg·L-1之间变化;水化学类型主要有HCO3·SO4-Na、Cl·SO4-Na(Ca)、HCO3·Cl-Na(Ca)SO4·Cl-Na和SO4·Cl-Na(Ca-Mg).地下水矿化度的高低与补给源的距离远近密切相关,在河岸附近的矿化度变化幅度较小;在远离河道地区,随离岸距离的增减而升降,体现了矿化度的高低主要依赖于上游补给水量变化. 相似文献
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针对地下水资源过量开采而出现的绿洲水文生态问题,以贺兰山西麓具有典型特征的内蒙古腰坝绿洲为研究对象,分开采期、非开采期对地下水进行系统取样分析,综合运用描述性统计、相关性分析、离子比例系数和Piper三线图示法,全面系统地研究了地下水水化学的时空变异特征与演变规律。研究结果表明：①季节变化对潜水和承压水水化学类型空间变异性影响较小,潜水水文化学性质受外界因素干扰较大,承压水受外界因素干扰较少;②蒸发浓缩、阳离子交换和人为混合是控制研究区潜水水质演变的主要水文化学过程;③潜水子系统总溶解固体较高,水化学类型变化也较复杂,主要从HCO3·SO4.Cl-Na·Mg·Ca型向Cl·SO4·HCO3-Mg·Na、Cl·SO4-Na·Mg型演化。承压水水化学类型比较单一,主要以低矿化度的HCO3-Na·Mg·Ca型为主。 相似文献
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以巢湖北岸1000km2范围内的地下水为研究对象,采集样品130个,利用多种方法测试了15种水质指标。综合运用描述性分析、Piper三线图、相关性分析和离子比例系数,系统地研究了地下水水化学的分布及空间变化特征。最后得出:①巢湖北岸地下水属于弱酸—弱碱性水,水体硬度基本上不大,TDS基本上小于1g/L,水质属于淡水。②主要超标指标为F-、NO3-、总硬度、NO2-,污染类型主要表现为氟污染、总硬度和氮污染;③研究区地下水水化学类型复杂,共有28种水化学类型,其中比例比较大的水化学类型为:HCO3 Cl-Na Mg、HCO3 SO4-Na Mg、HCO3 SO4 Cl-Na Ca、HCO3 SO4-Na Ca Mg,分别占总类型的11.38%、8.94%、8.94%和7.32%。④通过计算c(Na+)/c(Cl-)系数,发现区内大多地下水的水质存在变异。 相似文献
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基于野外调查、钻探数据和水井调查,明确图木舒克绿洲地区潜水的水文地质特征,并采用数理统计法、相关性分析、离子比值、因子分析等方法对研究区64组水样测试结果进行分析。结果表明:(1)浅层地下水阳离子含量Na+Ca2+Mg2+K+,以Na+为主;阴离子含量SO42-Cl-HCO3-,以SO42-为主;(2)研究区四十四团19连、16连连线以北,四十四团青年连以南矿化度3g/L,为微咸水;金墩镇南,青年连以北矿化度3g/L,为半咸水和咸水,局部为盐水。矿化度整体上呈现南北低,中间高的分布特征;(3)潜水水化学类型在叶尔羌河沿线以南及四十四团13连、16连连线以北以SO4·Cl-Na·Ca型为主;叶尔羌河以北,四十四团13连南以Cl·SO4-Na型为主,四十四团16连南以Cl·SO4-Na·Mg为主;(4)潜水离子来源主要为岩盐与硅酸盐岩溶解,水化学过程主要受蒸发浓缩作用、溶滤作用控制,同时也受阳离子交替吸附作用及人类活动共同影响。 相似文献
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赣南地区是典型的缺水地区,查清该地区浅层地下水水化学特征及演化规律,对保障区域饮用水安全和促进经济发展具有重要意义.现以银坑幅为例,综合采用数理统计、相关分析、Gibbs图解及离子比例系数等方法对研究区97个浅层地下水样品进行分析,结果表明,研究区浅层地下水中阳离子以Ca2+为主,阴离子以HCO3-为主,并且两者在阴阳离子中占绝对优势;浅层地下水水化学类型多样,以HCO3-Ca、HCO3-Ca·Na和HCO3-Na·Ca型水为主;研究区浅层地下水水化学过程以岩石风化溶滤作用为主导;Na+、K+主要来源于钠长石、钾长石等硅酸盐的风化溶解,Ca2+、Mg2+主要来源于碳酸岩风化溶解,其中方解石风化溶解作用较白云岩强;浅层地下水水化学特征受阳离子交换作用和人类活动影响不强烈. 相似文献
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《地下水》2020,(2)
中石油塔里木油田分公司哈拉哈塘油田哈6区位于新疆库车县境内。本文在对研究区水文地质详查的基础上,通过水文地质钻探、抽水试验、样品分析等手段,查明区内地下水含水层的结构及富水性特征、埋深以及流量等参数,探讨地下水补径排情况和水化学特征,并对研究区地下水水质进行评价,结果可知:研究区内地下水类型主要为松散岩类孔隙水,潜水含水层岩性以粉砂为主,由西北向东南,含水层有略微变薄的趋势;承压含水层岩性以粉砂为主,沿地下水流方向由西北向东南,含水层总厚度呈减小的趋势。研究区内潜水矿化度均大于10 g/L,水化学类型主要为Cl·(SO4)-Na型。承压水矿化度均小于1 g/L,水化学类型具有较为明显的水平分带规律,由西向东,水化学类型依次为SO4·Cl-Na·(Mg)型、Cl·SO4-Na型和HCO3·Cl·SO4-Na型。研究结果为后期该地区地下地下水资源的开发利用提供理论基础和科学依据。 相似文献
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对内蒙古杭锦旗气田区浅层地下水运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、氯碱指数图等方法进行水化学特征及其形成作用分析研究,结果表明：杭锦旗气田区浅层地下水具有较高的矿化度,偏碱性,硬度较大,枯水期TDS浓度和总硬度高于丰水期;研究区浅层地下水化学组分在小范围内具有一定的空间变异性,地下水阳离子以Na+、Ca2+为主,阴离子以HCO3-为主,水化学类型主要有HCO3 Ca型、HCO3 Na型和SO4·Cl Na型;研究区浅层地下水化学组分来源于碳酸盐矿物、硅铝酸盐矿物和蒸发岩的风化溶解,且丰水期和枯水期水化学组分有微弱变化,地下水化学特征的形成以岩石风化溶解作用为主。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献