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1.
利用偏光显微镜、X射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱分析（Raman）、扫描电镜和能谱分析（SEM and EDS）等,从矿物学角度对潭柘寺东山红庙岭组中硬绿泥石特征进行了研究。结果表明,该区硬绿泥石属单斜晶系,发育接触双晶,呈玫瑰花状或束状集合体。硬绿泥石中有部分Fe2＋被氧化为Fe3＋,并替换了Al3＋,其化学式可写为（Fe2＋,Mg）（Al,Fe3＋）2SiO5（OH）2。该区硬绿泥石与钠云母共存,形成温度为350～500℃,呈定向排列,为受构造应力影响而形成的应力矿物,其形成还可能与受构造控制的深部热液活动有关。 相似文献
2.
PENG Tongjiang ZHANG Baoshu LIU Fusheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(2):212-218
The present work discusses the mineralogy, saturated adsorption of ammonium and adsorption of heavy metal ions （Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋ and Zn^2＋） on industrial vermiculite samples from the Yuli Mine in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The saturated adsorption capacity of ammonium and the affection factors of adsorption of Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋ and Zn^2＋ are discussed on the basis of the mineralogical characteristics of the industrial vermiculite samples. The saturated adsorption capacities of ammonium are between 56.02 and 98.42 mmol/100g. The time of adsorption equilibrium is about 30-60 min, and the pH values and concentration of the ion solution significantly affect the adsorption capacities of the heavy metal ions. The adsorption capabilities of the heavy metal ions on industrial vermiculite are almost the same in the low ion concentration solutions, characterized by a sequence of Zn^2＋〉Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋ for adsorption capacity in solutions with relatively high ion concentration. The results have practical significance for the application of the industrial vermiculite to treating wastewater containing ammonium or heavy metal ions. 相似文献
3.
Zeolite and fungi’s flocculability of simulated wastewater containing heavy metal ions or phosphorus
This paper focuses on the flocculability of simulated wastewater containing heavy metal ions (Fe3+, Cd2+) or phosphorus by zeolite, microbial flocculants (MBF) produced by Aspergillus niger and the composite flocculant composed of zeolite and MBF. The main results are presented as follows: zeolite was a good flocculant when the contamination of the three simulated wastewaters was low, but the treated water is of turbidness and the particles in it are hard to precipitate. The MBF have a good flocculability toward Fe3+ wastewater, as well as particulate matter. Significant changes in flocculability occurred after adding the composite flocculant in different simulated wastewaters, the best or least effect respective for Fe3+ and Cd2+ wastewater. The research we have done shows that the method by which the composite flocculant is used to treat the wastewater containing heavy metal ions or phosphorus provides important reference value for practical application. 相似文献
4.
本文对旅大地区金伯利岩中三个世代铬尖晶石进行了穆斯堡尔谱研究,结果表明晚期结晶的第三世代铬尖晶石不仅Fe~(3+)含量高,且有部分反尖晶石型结构特征,即Fe~(3+)可同时存在于八面体和四面体结构位置中,并确定了它们的穆谱参数,通过对金伯利岩中三个世代铬尖晶石穆谱研究发现穆谱参数同成份,结晶条件具有一定的内在联系. 相似文献
5.
漳州地区白垩至纪I型和A型花岗岩中黑云母的矿物学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
漳州地区白垩纪花岗岩由Ｉ型和Ａ型花岗岩组成，本文对该地区两类花岗岩中黑云母的矿物化学、矿物物理特征进行了系统研究。发现在两类花岗岩中的黑云母矿物学特征存在重大差别，如Ａ型花岗岩中黑云母更富铝、铁、氟及水而贫镁、硅，形成温度及氧逸度较低等。在Ａ型花岗岩中的黑云母穆斯堡尔谱也与Ｉ型不同，四极分裂（Ｑ．Ｓ）较高，且Ｆｅ￣（２＋）在Ｍ＿２位，Ｆｅ（３＋）在Ｔ位占位率也较高。两类花岗岩中的黑云母化学成分随岩浆演化也呈现不同的变化规律。黑云母的矿物学特征可提供花岗岩成因类型的有益信息。 相似文献
6.
介微孔复合沸石分子筛对重金属离子吸附性能的实验研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
以介微孔复合沸石分子筛MCM-41／ZSM-3为吸附剂，采用静态吸附方法初步研究了其对重金属离子Cu^2 、Zn^2 、Pb^2 、Cd^2 的吸附性能。结果表明：对于配置的60mg／dm^3重金属离子溶液，使用分子筛用量为10g／dm^3时，在较宽的pH范围内MCM-41／ZSM-3对Cu^2 、Zn^2 、Pb^2 、Cd^2 的吸附率可达90％以上；对等温吸附曲线的回归分析得出Cu^2 、Zn^2 、Pb^2 、Cd^2 在实验浓度范围内符合Langmuir单吸附位吸附曲线且具有较大的吸附容量。 相似文献
7.
2008年5月1日至7月4日汶川8.0级地震前后,对距震中约400 km的重庆北温泉7个泉点进行采样监测,发现其水温、水量及水化学特征均发生了较大变化：（1）所有泉点震后水温都下降了1℃左右;（2）海拔相对较高的BWQ-2、BWQ-3、BWQ-4泉点相继断流,而下游海拔较低的BWQ-1泉点水量则增加了15 L/s,BWQ-6泉点水量也有所增加;（3）海拔较低泉点泉水中K＋、Na＋、Ca2＋浓度减少,Mg2＋浓度增大,且K＋、Na＋、Ca2＋浓度呈正相关;Fe3＋、Mn2＋浓度于地震当日成倍增长,随后逐渐减小,7月4日时浓度与5月1日相当;SO42-、F-浓度增大后逐渐减少。引起北温泉水物理化学变化的主因是：由于汶川强烈地震,导致北温泉区上覆盖层裂隙与下伏温泉含水层裂隙贯通,地表或上覆盖层低温水汇入含水层所致。 相似文献
8.
Adsorption behaviors of Cd^2＋ on Fe2O3/MnO2 and the effects of coexisting ions under alkaline conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study describes the adsorption features of cadmium on Fe2O3 and MnO2 in alkaline saline conditions. The adsorption reached equilibrium in 6 hours under alkaline conditions. The absorption of cadmium on Fe2O3 and MnO2 was consistent with Freundlich absorption isotherms, and the corresponding adsorption capacities were 16.3 and 16.7 mg·g-1, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption quantity of cadmium on Fe2O3 and MnO2 rose with increasing pH from acidic to neutral, and reached the maximum at pH= 9. The coexisting chlorides reduced the adsorption capacity of Fe2O3 and MnO2. The influence intensities of different cations follow the order of CaCl2>>KCl>NaCl. However, the influence of sodium salts on the capacities of Fe2O3 and MnO2 to adsorb cadmium appeared more complicated: the relatively low concentrations of sodium salts could reduce the adsorption capacity; with increasing concentrations of sodium salts, e.g. NaCl and NaNO3. The adsorption capacity decreased continually. Moreover, due to the competition adsorption and precipitation effects, the adsorption capabilities of Na2CO3, NaH2PO4 and Na2HSO4 could also be reduced and cadmium concentrations in the solution were reduced as well. 相似文献
9.
袁复礼石是一种Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋和Ｔｉ的硼酸盐新矿物。除了与遂安石、硬石膏和磷灰石共生外，还与硼铝镁石、镁橄榄石和方解石等共生，形成两个矿物共生组合。单矿物化学分析表明，后一组合中的袁复礼石更富铁，特别是Ｆｅ３＋，相对贫镁。袁复礼石的晶体结构分析证明，袁复礼石与硼钛镁石的结构类型一致，阳离子的占位为Ｍ（１）＝Ｍｅ３＋，Ｍ（２）＝Ｍｅ２＋。袁复礼石是Ｍ（１）位置上为Ｆｅ端员组分，Ｍ（２）位置上为Ｍｇ端员组分的新矿物。 相似文献
10.
11.
施氏矿物吸附Cu2+及氧化亚铁硫杆菌的实验研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
在金属硫化物的表生氧化过程中,施氏矿物是最常见的一种次生矿物.施氏矿物具有粒度小、比表面积大、表面吸附能高的特点,能够吸附环境流体中的重金属离子和微生物细胞,从而影响重金属元素及微生物的表生地球化学行为.利用化学合成的施氏矿物,开展了施氏矿物吸附Cu2+及氧化亚铁硫杆菌的实验.结果显示:施氏矿物对金属Cu2+及氧化亚铁硫杆菌均有较强的吸附性;施氏矿物对Cu2+的吸附基本符合Langmuir吸附模型,而对氧化亚铁硫的吸附行为不符合Langmuir模型,可用Freundlich模型描述;施氏矿物的存在对流体中微生物的活动性及其地球化学行为有重要影响,可能会降低氧化菌分解金属硫化物的效率. 相似文献
12.
本文综述了MINEQL 软件的发展历史、理论基础、功能、计算的典型类型及其在地球化学中的一些应用实例。它的理论基础是化学平稳原理，包括质量平衡、能量守恒和电荷守恒定律，以及热力学上的其它一些考虑。同时介绍了该软件在处理溶液吸附问题中的理论基础，以及所包含的三种常见表面络合模型一恒电容、双层及三层模型的相同点及差异性，并运用该软件模拟了Cu^2-在水合氧化铁上的吸附行为，模拟结果与实验结果能较好地吻合。 相似文献
13.
为了研究泥炭沼泽源铁有机配合物的络合稳定性,利用pH电位滴定法和荧光淬灭滴定法测定了大九湖泥炭沼泽中不同分子量段的DOM和Fe2+、Fe3+的络合稳定常数.pH电位滴定法结果（4.0~6.1）和荧光淬灭滴定法（1.5~4.1）差异较大,这与高pH条件下OH被脱质子化及Fe2+的氧化有关.相对而言,pH滴定法更适用于探究不同分子量段DOM与铁的络合稳定性,荧光淬灭法不改变样品酸碱条件,更适于研究不同价态铁与DOM的络合稳定性.研究结果表明:DOM与Fe3+的络合稳定常数大于Fe2+,低分子量段（< 3 kDa）的DOM与Fe2+、Fe3+的络合稳定常数更大.泥炭沼泽源铁有机配合物具有较好的络合稳定性,分子量相对较小的DOM与铁的络合能力更强.即便Fe2+氧化为Fe3+,仍能与DOM络合并保持较强的稳定性,这有利于陆源溶解性铁向水生态系统的输出.沼泽源铁有机配合物的络合稳定性还会影响铁的生物可利用性. 相似文献
14.
研究了二异氰酸酯与壳聚糖的交联反应,其产物与壳聚糖相比,酸溶解度由82.04％降到58.08％。DSC曲线表明,交联产物的热稳定性明显提高,对低价重金属离子(Hg 相似文献
15.
Kunaljeet S. Tanwar Sarah C. Petitto Peter J. Eng 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(15):4346-2587
The surface structure of α-Fe2O3(0 0 0 1) was studied using crystal truncation rod (CTR) X-ray diffraction before and after reaction with aqueous Fe(II) at pH 5. The CTR results show the unreacted α-Fe2O3(0 0 0 1) surface consists of two chemically distinct structural domains: an O-layer terminated domain and a hydroxylated Fe-layer terminated domain. After exposing the α-Fe2O3(0 0 0 1) surface to aqueous Fe(II), the surface structure of both co-existing structural domains was modified due to adsorption of Fe at crystallographic lattice sites of the substrate, resulting in six-coordinated adsorbed Fe at the surface. The average Fe-O bond lengths of the adsorbed Fe are consistent with typical Fe(III)-O bond lengths (in octahedral coordination), providing evidence for the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) upon adsorption. These results highlight the important role of substrate surface structure in controlling Fe(II) adsorption. Furthermore, the molecular scale structural characterization of adsorbed Fe provides insight into the process of Fe(II) induced structural modification of hematite surfaces, which in turn aids in assessing the effective reactivity of hematite surfaces in Fe(II) rich environments. 相似文献
16.
Structural changes and surface oxidation state were examined following the reaction of hematite (0 0 1), (0 1 2), and (1 1 0) with aqueous Fe(II). X-ray reflectivity measurements indicated that Fe(II) induces changes in the structure of all three surfaces under both acidic (pH 3) and neutral (pH 7) conditions. The structural changes were generally independent of pH although the extent of surface transformation varied slightly between acidic and neutral conditions; no systematic trends with pH were observed. Induced changes on the (1 1 0) and (0 1 2) surfaces include the addition or removal of partial surface layers consistent with either growth or dissolution. In contrast, a <1 nm thick, discontinuous film formed on the (0 0 1) surface that appears to be epitaxial yet is not a perfect extension of the underlying hematite lattice, being either structurally defective, compositionally distinct, or nanoscale in size and highly relaxed. Resonant anomalous X-ray reflectivity measurements determined that the surface concentration of Fe(II) present after reaction at pH 7 was below the detection limit of approximately 0.5-1 μmol/m2 on all surfaces. These observations are consistent with Fe(II) oxidative adsorption, whereby adsorbed Fe(II) is oxidized by structural Fe(III) in the hematite lattice, with the extent of this reaction controlled by surface structure at the atomic scale. The observed surface transformations at pH 3 show that Fe(II) oxidatively adsorbs on hematite surfaces at pH values where little net adsorption occurs, based on historical macroscopic Fe(II) adsorption behavior on fine-grained hematite powders. This suggests that Fe(II) plays a catalytic role, in which an electron from an adsorbed Fe(II) migrates to and reduces a lattice Fe(III) cation elsewhere, which subsequently desorbs in a scenario with zero net reduction and zero net adsorption. Given the general pH-independence and substantial mass transfer involved, this electron and atom exchange process appears to be a significant subsystem within macroscopic pH-dependent Fe(II) adsorption. 相似文献
17.
The complex mineral assemblages of silica and Fe minerals play a significant role in the transport of compounds in soils and sediments. Five coated sands including Goethite, Lepidocrocite, Ferrihydrite, Hematite and Magnetite were synthesized by a heterogeneous suspension method and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, BET surface area and chemical analyses. The synthesis results showed that the degree of coating (mg Fe/g sand) varied with the mineralogy of Fe coating phases, which may have different affinities towards the silica surface. Batch experiments were conducted with two compounds (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid) to quantify the contributions to adsorption from different oxide coatings and compare adsorption characteristics of selected organic acids. Sorption of these compounds to coated sands was examined versus a wide range of conditions (time, pH, ionic strength and sorbate concentration). Because of the attachment of Fe oxide, the coated sand had higher specific surface area, involving a better adsorption efficiency of organic compounds. Mineral surface charge and pH proved to be important for the adsorption of these compounds. The batch results indicated that the degree of coating was the most significant factor enhancing the sorption of aromatic compounds on the surface of sand and the mineralogy of the Fe phase was of less importance. 相似文献
18.
鄂尔多斯盆地南部旬邑-宜君地区直罗组古层间氧化带具有明显分带特征,通过对不同分带砂岩主量、微量、稀土元素及环境敏感参数特征对比研究,将旬邑-宜君地区古层间氧化带发育的水-岩作用过程划分成两个阶段：古层间氧化带形成和大规模成矿阶段、二次还原改造阶段。(1)古层间氧化带形成和大规模成矿阶段：含氧水进入目的层砂体,使砂体中Fe2+氧化成Fe3+(Fe2+含量最低,Fe3+最高);砂体中的U被氧化为U6+,形成铀酰腐殖酸盐络合物发生迁移(U、Corg、S含量最低、Th/U比值最高);长石高岭土化使Si发生流失(SiO2含量降低);携带大量U的氧化流体运移至氧化还原过渡带(Corg、∑S含量最高、Fe2+含量仅低于灰绿色砂体),还原剂(有机质和黄铁矿等)将U6+还原成U4+,形成沥青铀矿;U4+与SiO44-发生反应形成铀石(Th/U比... 相似文献
19.
在原位氧化过程中,实际场地地下水和含水介质的物化特征是影响氧化效果的重要因素,而目前对此影响的研究较少。以某场地实际高盐强酸性复合苯系污染地下水为研究对象,以地下水中2-硝基-4-甲氧基苯胺(2-nitro-4-methoxyaniline,2-N)和3-硝基-4-甲氧基苯胺(3-nitro-4-methoxyaniline,3-N)为特征污染物,探究芬顿(Fenton)试剂原位氧化特征,并研究液相环境因素(初始H2O2浓度、初始Fe2+浓度、初始pH值、初始醋酸(Acetic acid,HAc)浓度、初始SO42-浓度)以及含水层介质对Fenton法去除2-N和3-N的影响。结果显示:(1)Fenton法去除2-N和3-N效果显著,且在初始液相条件为c(H2O2)=7 mmol/L、c(Fe2+)=4 mmol/L、pH=4、c(HAc)=0 mg/L和c(SO42-)=0 mmol/L时去除效果最佳;(2)各因素对Fenton法氧化2-N和3-N的影响不同,加入H2O2和Fe2+使2-N和3-N去除率上升,增大HAc浓度使2-N和3-N去除率下降;(3)含水层介质对2-N和3-N具有一定吸附性,且对3-N的吸附性强于2-N,二者在本实验中最大吸附态占比分别为29%和42%,而吸附态的存在会抑制Fenton法对2-N和3-N的去除;(4)矿物分析结果显示介质含有少量黄铁矿,在硫酸环境下,介质腐蚀溶解释放Fe2+,在达到一定浓度后,无需额外添加Fe2+即可完成Fenton反应进而去除2-N和3-N。 相似文献
20.
零价铁和硝基苯反应后生成二价铁和苯胺,而苯胺也是地下水污染物。硫酸根自由基具有强氧化性,可以降解苯胺。而二价铁可以活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基,进而去除苯胺。本文研究了二价铁浓度、过硫酸盐浓度、苯胺初始浓度、体系初始pH、反应温度等因素对二价铁活化过硫酸盐去除水中苯胺处理效率的影响。结果表明:1)Fe2+活化过硫酸盐生成SO-4·能快速并有效氧化降解苯胺,对于目标浓度为1 000 mg/L的苯胺而言,Fe2+浓度为3.3 mmol/L,Na2S2O8浓度为4.4 mmol/L时,对苯胺有较佳降解效果,苯胺的降解率为86.33%。2体系对较低浓度的苯胺降解效果较好,当污染物初始浓度由1 000 mg/L降低到500 mg/L和100 mg/L时,苯胺降解率由86.33%升高为90.27%和97.16%。3初始pH对苯胺的降解率影响较大,中性条件下(pH=7左右)降解率较好,高初始pH(pH=9,11)和低初始pH条件(pH=3,5)下均低于中性条件下苯胺的降解效率。4体系的温度变化对降解率影响不明显。 相似文献