共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Jingsong Wu Kevin Amaratunga 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):273-289
GIS applications have recently begun to emerge on the Internet. The management of three-dimensional geographic datasets in this distributed environment poses a particularly challenging problem, which highlights the need for a good data representation. This paper presents a new multiresolution data representation: the Wavelet Triangulated Irregular Network (WTIN). Compared to the traditional cell-based Digital Elevation Model (DEM) format and the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) format, it is more compact and suitable for scalable distributed GIS services. This format is based on the second-generation wavelet theory and is specially designed for geographical height field data. The modified Butterfly scheme is used for constructing the wavelet transform. For every point in the geographic surface, only a single wavelet coefficient is used, which makes the final data representation very efficient and easy to compress. Because the transform used in the data representation is a linear filter operation, the computational efficiency is better than other multiresolution data formats for terrain surfaces. Results from numerical experiments on real data are given to demonstrate that the proposed data representation can be efficiently implemented. The results show that the proposed WTIN data format can provide multiresolution data sets, which achieve significant compression while preserving geographical features. The quality is found to be quite acceptable for geographical terrain representation. 相似文献
2.
Çetin Koca 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(9):1821-1847
Terrain rendering is a crucial part of many real-time applications. The easiest way to process and visualize terrain data in real time is to constrain the terrain model in several ways. This decreases the amount of data to be processed and the amount of processing power needed, but at the cost of expressivity and the ability to create complex terrains. The most popular terrain representation is a regular 2D grid, where the vertices are displaced in a third dimension by a displacement map, called a heightmap. This is the simplest way to represent terrain, and although it allows fast processing, it cannot model terrains with volumetric features. Volumetric approaches sample the 3D space by subdividing it into a 3D grid and represent the terrain as occupied voxels. They can represent volumetric features but they require computationally intensive algorithms for rendering, and their memory requirements are high. We propose a novel representation that combines the voxel and heightmap approaches, and is expressive enough to allow creating terrains with caves, overhangs, cliffs, and arches, and efficient enough to allow terrain editing, deformations, and rendering in real time. 相似文献
3.
Guonian LV Liyang XIONG Min CHEN Guoan TANG Yehua SHENG Xuejun LIU Zhiyao SONG Yuqi LU Zhaoyuan YU Ka ZHANG Meizhen WANG 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(11):1389-1412
Geomorphometry, the science of digital terrain analysis (DTA), is an important focus of research in both geomorphology and geographical information science (GIS). Given that 70% of China is mountainous, geomorphological research is popular among Chinese scholars, and the development of GIS over the last 30 years has led to significant advances in geomorphometric research. In this paper, we review Chinese progress in geomorphometry based on the published literature. There are three major areas of progress: digital terrain modelling methods, DTA methods, and applications of digital terrain models (DTMs). First, traditional vector- and raster-based terrain modelling methods, including the assessment of uncertainty, have received widespread attention. New terrain modelling methods such as unified raster and vector, high-fidelity, and real-time dynamic geographical scene modelling have also attracted research attention and are now a major focus of digital terrain modelling research. Second, in addition to the popular DTA methods based on topographical derivatives, geomorphological features, and hydrological factors extracted from DTMs, DTA methods have been extended to include analyses of the structure of underlying strata, ocean surface features and even socioeconomic spatial structures. Third, DTMs have been applied to fields including global climate change, analysis of various typical regions, lunar surface and other related fields. Clearly, Chinese scholars have made significant progress in geomorphometry. Chinese scholars have had the greatest international impact in areas including high-fidelity digital terrain modelling and DTM-based regional geomorphological analysis, particularly in the Loess Plateau and the Tibetan Plateau regions. 相似文献
4.
TANGGuoan ZHAOMudan LITianwen LIUYongmei ZHANGTing 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(4):387-394
Slope is one of the crucial terrain variables in spatial analysis and land use planning, especially in the Loess Plateau area of China which is suffering from serious soil erosion. DEM based slope extracting method has been widely accepted and applied in practice. However slope accuracy derived from this method usually does not match with its popularity. A quantitative simulation to slope data uncertainty is important not only theoretically but also necessarily to applications. This paper focuses on how resolution and terrain complexity impact on the accuracy of mean slope extracted from DEMs of different resolutions in the Loess Plateau of China. Six typical geomorphologic areas are selected as test areas, representing different terrain types from smooth to rough. Their DEMs are produced from digitizing contours of 1:10,000 scale topographic maps. Field survey results show that 5 m should be the most suitable grid size for representing slope in the Loess Plateau area. Comparative and math-simulation methodology was employed for data processing and analysis. A linear correlativity between mean slope and DEM resolution was found at all test areas, but their regression coefficients related closely with the terrain complexity of the test areas. If taking stream channel density to represent terrain complexity, mean slope error could be regressed against DEM resolution (X) and stream channel density (S) at 8 resolution levels and expressed as(0.0015S2 0.031S-0.0325)X-0.0045S2-0.155S 0.1625, with a R2 value of over 0.98. Practical tests also show an effective result of this model in applications. The new development methodology applied in this study should be helpful to similar researches in spatial data uncertainty investigation. 相似文献
5.
该文对基于局部误差、曲率和法向量的5个地形简化指标进行分析评价,用离散的高斯合成曲面来模拟真实DEM,以解析得到的高斯曲率作为地形简化指标“真值”,通过对各个指标“保特征性”可信度的分析,获得对这5个指标的整体评价：1)基于法向量的地形简化指标更能反映地形特征;2)各指标的“保特征性”随简化比的减小呈线性上升;3)各指标的优劣排序对地表形状和分辨率不敏感;4)各指标“保特征性”可信度在同一分辨率下较为稳定。并用实例验证结论的正确性。 相似文献
6.
Slope is one of the crucial terrain variables in spatial analysis and land use planning, especially in the Loess Plateau area of China which is suffering from serious soil erosion. DEM based slope extracting method has been widely accepted and applied in practice. However slope accuracy derived from this method usually does not match with its popularity. A quantitative simulation to slope data uncertainty is important not only theoretically but also necessarily to applications. This paper focuses on how resolution and terrain complexity impact on the accuracy of mean slope extracted from DEMs of different resolutions in the Loess Plateau of China. Six typical geomorphologic areas are selected as test areas, representing different terrain types from smooth to rough. Their DEMs are produced from digitizing contours of 1:10,000 scale topographic maps. Field survey results show that 5 m should be the most suitable grid size for representing slope in the Loess Plateau area. Comparative and math-simulation methodology was employed for data processing and analysis. A linear correlativity between mean slope and DEM resolution was found at all test areas, but their regression coefficients related closely with the terrain complexity of the test areas. If taking stream channel density to represent terrain complexity, mean slope error could be regressed against DEM resolution (X) and stream channel density (S) at 8 resolution levels and expressed as (0.0015S2+0.031S-0.0325)X-0.0045S2-0.155S+0.1625, with a R2 value of over 0.98. Practical tests also show an effective result of this model in applications. The new development methodology applied in this study should be helpful to similar researches in spatial data uncertainty investigation. 相似文献
7.
不同分辨率DEM提取地面坡度的不确定性模拟:以在黄土高原的试验为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Slope is one of the crucial terrain variables in spatial analysis and land use planning,especially in the Loess Plateau area of China which is suffering from serious soil erosion. DEM based slope extracting method has been widely accepted and applied in practice. However slope accuracy derived from this method usually does not match with its popularity. A quantitative simulation to slope data uncertainty is important not only theoretically but also necessarily to applications. This paper focuses on how resolution and terrain complexity impact on the accuracy of mean slope extracted from DEMs of different resolutions in the Loess Plateau of China. Six typical geomorphologic areas are selected as test areas, representing different terrain types from smooth to rough. Their DEMs are produced from digitizing contours of 1:10,000 scale topographic maps. Field survey results show that 5 m should be the most suitable grid size for representing slope in the Loess Plateau area. Comparative and math-simulation methodology was employed for data processing and analysis. A linear correlativity between mean slope and DEM resolution was found at all test areas,but their regression coefficients related closely with the terrain complexity of the test areas. If taking stream channel density to represent terrain complexity, mean slope error could be regressed against DEM resolution (X) and stream channel density (S) at 8 resolution levels and expressed as (0.0015S2+0.031S-0.0325)X-0.0045S2-0.155S+0.1625, with a R2 value of over 0.98. Practical tests also show an effective result of this model in applications. The new development methodology applied in this study should be helpful to similar researches in spatial data uncertainty investigation. 相似文献
8.
大规模地形实时绘制算法 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
该文提出一种适合大规模地形实时绘制的简单高效的LOD简化算法。该算法使用一种紧凑有效的规则网格表示方法,优化网格节点的数目,减少可视化过程中的计算量,降低额外内存开销。探讨该算法相关的数据组织、视域裁剪、LOD层次选择、裂缝消除、三角形化等关键问题。实验结果表明,该算法实现简单,内存开销较少,CPU耗费小,对图形卡要求低,能够在普通机器上实现大规模地形的实时漫游。 相似文献
9.
E.G. Paredes M. Bóo M. Amor J.D. Bruguera J. Döllner 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):771-793
Hybrid terrains are a convenient approach for the representation of digital terrain models, integrating heterogeneous data from different sources. In this article, we present a general, efficient scheme for achieving interactive level-of-detail rendering of hybrid terrain models, without the need for a costly preprocessing or resampling of the original data. The presented method works with hybrid digital terrains combining regular grid data and local high-resolution triangulated irregular networks. Since grid and triangulated irregular network data may belong to different datasets, a straightforward combination of both geometries would lead to meshes with holes and overlapping triangles. Our method generates a single multiresolution model integrating the different parts in a coherent way, by performing an adaptive tessellation of the region between their boundaries. Hence, our solution is one of the few existing approaches for integrating different multiresolution algorithms within the same terrain model, achieving a simple interactive rendering of complex hybrid terrains. 相似文献
10.
Quanhua Dong 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(2):302-323
Geometric buffers are important for spatial analysis in many applications of geographic information systems (GISs), such as environmental measurement and management, human health, urban planning, etc. Geometric buffer generation algorithms are well studied in the Euclidean space where the buffer distance is measured by Euclidean metrics; however, very few algorithms are available for generating geometric buffers on the terrain surface in a virtual globe where the buffer distance is measured by geodesic metrics. This paper proposes a tile-based method for geodesic buffer generation according to the characteristics of a virtual globe. It extends the vector tile model (VTM) to organize terrain and vector data, and the XYH algorithm is improved to build geodesic distance fields for terrain meshes. Based on the data organization and the improved XYH algorithm, a geodesic buffer is generated via three main steps: selecting and assembling tiles, updating geodesic distance fields and tracing the boundaries of buffer zones. This method is implemented with multi-scale terrain and vector data, and the experimental results show that it is valid and exact and can be applied in practical applications. 相似文献
11.
基于SPIHT小波的DEM自适应压缩方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海量地形数据给其存储、分发和实时渲染带来了极大的挑战,因此迫切需要适合网络环境下地形可视化的数据压缩方法。该文探讨地形复杂度与DEM压缩方法的关系,研究可视化中地形复杂度的计算方法,并提出一种改进的SPIHT小波压缩方法:采用小波分解后的系数对DEM的地形复杂度进行评估,并针对地形复杂度对编码算法进行自适应调节。实验证明,这种改进的SPIHT小波压缩方法采用合适的压缩比进行DEM数据压缩,能够在满足地形可视化需要的同时提高压缩效率。 相似文献
12.
DEM 点位地形信息量化模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对DEM 点位, 首先应用微分几何法对其所负载的语法信息量进行测度, 其次根据地形特征点类型及地形结构特征确定其语义信息量, 然后基于信息学理论构建了DEM 点位地形信息综合量化模型。在此基础上, 以黄土丘陵沟壑区作为实验样区, 对DEM 点位地形信息量提取方法及其在地形简化中的初步实例应用进行了探讨和验证。实验结果显示, 所提出的DEM 点位地形信息量化方案可行;基于DEM 地形信息量指数的多尺度DEM 构建方案, 具有机理明确、易于实现的特点, 并通过优先保留地形骨架特征点, 可以有效减少地形失真, 从而满足不同层次的多尺度数字地形建模和表达要求。对DEM 点位地形信息进行有效量化, 为认识DEM 地形信息特征提供了一个新的切入点, 同时为多尺度数字地形建模提供理论依据与方法支持。 相似文献
13.
山区地形开阔度的分布式模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地形开阔度是影响山地辐射平衡及其分量的重要地形因子,是山区散射辐射、地形反射辐射等计算的重要参数。在复杂的地形条件下,地形开阔度的计算很难用数学公式描述。 利用数字高程模型（DEM）,全面考虑了坡地自身遮蔽和周围地形相互遮蔽的影响,提出了山区地形开阔度的分布式模型和算法。以1 km×1 km分辨率的DEM数据作为地形的综合反映,计算了起伏地形下中国地形开阔度的空间分布。同时,利用100 m和1 km两个分辨率的DEM数据,从不同DEM分辨率和不同地貌类型两个方面探讨了地形开阔度的空间尺度效应,阐明了区域地形开阔度随地形地貌和空间分辨率的变化规律。所提供的山地开阔度的数据可作为基础地理数据供相关研究应用。 相似文献
14.
一种快速地形纹理生成和虚拟漫游方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
复杂场景的大范围、高分辨率纹理的快速漫游是虚拟现实、GIS、仿真等领域的关键技术与难点。DEM是对地形地貌的数字描述和模拟,利用DEM数据生成可视化地形,可以更好的描述特定区域的地形特征,通过对特定区域中模型的纹理生成和映射,配合光照、大气等区域内自然场景的建模技术,可生成较为逼真的真实场景。基于OpenGL编程进行DEM地形可视化是实现地形实时漫游的方法之一,利用层次细节模型降低场景复杂度以提高漫游帧速率是该类系统中的常用方法,由于场景复杂度问题,不同的系统在具体算法实现中采用的方法也不尽相同。本文以一个虚拟校园为例,针对DEM数据转换和LOD模型面临的问题,给出了特定场景的LOD模型数据处理思想和纹理快速纹理生成、匹配、映射算法。同时给出虚拟实时漫游中第一人称漫游和飞行漫游的一般方法,讨论了在Windows环境下使用OpenGL进行虚拟漫游的基本步骤。提出了一种新的根据场景特点快速生成和映射纹理途径。结果表明,该方法在保证真实感条件情况下达到了满意的实时漫游效果。 相似文献
15.
A. Stock H. Tolvanen R. Kalliola 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1435-1452
Geographical information systems (GIS) are important tools in coastal research and management. Coastal GIS applications involve special challenges, because the coastal environment is a complex transitional system between the terrestrial and marine realms. Also acquisition methods and responsibilities for spatial data (and thus their properties) change at the shoreline. This article explores the consequences of this land-sea divide for coastal terrain modelling. We study how methods designed for terrestrial environments can be used to create integrated raster coastal terrain models (CTMs) from coarse elevation and depth data. We focus on shore slopes, because many particularities of coastal terrain and the data which describe it as well as the resulting problems are concentrated in the shore zone. Based on shorelines, terrestrial contours, depth contours and depth points, we used the ANUDEM algorithm to interpolate CTMs at different spatial resolutions, with and without drainage enforcement, for two test areas in a highly complex archipelago coast. Slope aspect and gradient rasters were derived from the CTMs using Horn's algorithm. Values were assigned from the slope rasters to thousands of points along the test areas' shorelines in different ways. Shore slope gradients and aspects were also calculated directly from the shorelines and contours. These modelled data were compared to each other and to field-measured shore profiles using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. As far as the coarse source data permitted, the interpolation and slope calculations delivered good results at fine spatial resolutions. Vector-based slope calculations were very sensitive to quality problems of the source data. Fine-resolution raster data were consequently found most suitable for describing shore slopes from coarse coastal terrain data. Terrestrial and marine parts of the CTMs were subject to different errors, and modelling methods and parameters had different consequences there. Thus, methods designed for terrestrial applications can be successfully used for coastal terrain modelling, but the choice of methods and parameters and the interpretation of modelling results require special attention to the differences of terrestrial and marine topography and data. 相似文献
16.
数字地形分析在滑坡研究中的应用综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高效的数字地形分析（Digital Terrain Analysis,DTA）是滑坡预测与评估研究的重要手段。文章综述了DTA在滑坡研究中的应用现状,基本内容包括地形因子分析、地形形态分析、地形单元划分以及DEM与滑坡模型的结合分析。地形因子分析的应用多而广,主要思路是在地形因子与滑坡发育的关系研究基础上分析其滑坡敏感性,进而构建滑坡预测和评估模型;地形形态分析是滑坡识别的重要手段,加强地貌形态和滑坡发育的关系研究有助于对潜在滑坡地形的识别;地形单元划分能为滑坡研究提供统计和分析单元;DEM与滑坡专业模型的结合方式多样,程度各异。同时,从尺度选择与转换的角度探讨了DTA滑坡研究的尺度问题,分析了DTA的局限性,指出DEM不能提供完备无误的地形信息,DTA不能完全取代常规的地形分析。最后,基于以上论述对未来的研究趋势提出了展望。 相似文献
17.
Qiming Zhou Xuejun Liu Yizhong Sun 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1137-1147
The objective of this research is to study the relationship between terrain complexity and terrain analysis results from grid‐based digital elevation models (DEMs). The impact of terrain complexity represented by terrain steepness and orientation on derived parameters such as slope and aspect has been analysed. Experiments have been conducted to quantify the uncertainties created by digital terrain analysis algorithms. The test results show that (a) the RMSE of derived slope and aspect is negatively correlated with slope steepness; (b) the RMSE of derived aspect is more sensitive to terrain complexity than that of derived slope; and (c) the uncertainties in derived slope and aspect tend to be found in flatter areas, and decrease with increasing terrain complexity. The study shows that although primary surface parameters can be well defined mathematically, the implementation of those mathematical models in a GIS environment may generate considerable uncertainties related to terrain complexity. In general, when terrain is rugged with steep slopes, the uncertainty of derived parameters is quite minimal. While in flatter areas, the DEM‐based derivatives, particularly the aspect, may contain a great amount of uncertainty, causing significant limitation in applying the analytical results. 相似文献
18.
基于Kriging的地形高程插值 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
将地形高程作为区域化变量,根据普通Kriging法由散乱的高程点进行地形高程插值,并采用Matlab软件开发专门的程序,实现研究区高程插值计算与结果可视化分析。以广州市南沙区10 km2范围内的200个高程点数据为例,分别运用球面模型、指数模型和高斯理论变差函数模型进行10 m×10 m格网插值,借助Matlab可视化分析插值结果及其精度,表明采用指数模型效果最好。 相似文献
19.
面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析研究进展与展望 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
数字地形分析（DTA）是地理信息科学（GIS）研究的热点。但是,当前基于数字高程模型（DEM）的数字地形分析在地貌学研究中存在重形态轻机理、重现象轻过程、重地上轻地下等问题,急需从单一的地貌形态分析,迈向面向成因、过程与机理等地貌学本源问题的研究转变。据此,本文系统梳理了面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析的相关研究现状,并从地貌学本源认识、地貌形态建模、地形因子提取、以及其他地形分析方法等研究进行了系统的回顾、梳理与分析。研究表明,基于DEM的数字地形分析虽具有地貌特征分析的潜力与优势,但是,数字地形分析存在数据表达与分析模式上的先天缺陷,亟待通过基础理论与关键技术的突破,实现理论与方法的创新发展,实现从“坡面”走向“区域”,从“形态”走向“过程”,从“地形”走向“地貌”。而当今地球系统科学的研究发展态势也到了数字地形分析研究从重视地貌形态走向揭示地貌学本源的关键阶段。因此,本文从DEM数据模型增值、地形因子及其地形空间关系、以及宏观地形分析等侧面展望了面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析研究。当今基于DEM的数字地形分析研究,正像当前的GIS是否能够真正支撑地理学发展一样,已经处于一个非常关键的十字路口。面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析研究思路可望成为地理信息科学领域理论与方法创新的一次重要探索与实践。 相似文献
20.
基于多方位DEM地形晕渲的黄土地貌正负地形提取 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以陕北绥德县韭园沟流域5 m分辨率DEM数据为基础,在数字地形分析、多元统计和数据挖掘方法的基础上,提出利用多方位DEM地形晕渲、坡度等多元指标,以主成分分析消除多重共线性和约减维数,并以Logis-tic回归模型提取黄土高原正、负地形的方法。研究结果表明:模型提取精度为82.1%,Kappa统计量为0.629;模型在6个不同流域测试样本上正、负地形的平均精度分别为77.6%,84.9%,加权平均精度为81.3%,模型具有较好的一致性和泛化能力,正、负地形提取效果良好。 相似文献