共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
《自然地理学》2013,34(4):308-323
Previous studies have shown that residential water consumption in Phoenix, Arizona is significantly related to changes in climate, although that sensitivity varies substantially from one census tract to another. In this investigation, we determine the empirical relationship between water consumption and variations in temperature and precipitation. We find the sensitivity of water consumption to either climate variable is positively related to the percent of land covered in mesic irrigated landscaping, mean household income, lot size, and percent of single-family residential lots containing swimming pools. We use estimated changes in temperature and precipitation for 50 model-scenario combinations presented by the IPCC, and we determined that mean water consumption should increase by an average of over 3% by ~2050, but the climate-induced change in consumption varies considerably across census tracts. 相似文献
2.
A. A. Tomskikh 《Geography and Natural Resources》2013,34(1):104-110
The contemporary territorial and sectoral aspects of higher education advancement in China are considered. The factors of territorial organization of higher educational establishments are highlighted for different periods of development. A territorial analysis is made of the clusters of professional education through long-term programs in support of the country’s strategic development. The technique of calculating the potentials of educational centers in accordance with the rank of the higher educational establishments (HEE) involved in them, is used to determine the potential of the long-term model for higher professional education as well as of the scientific-educational clusters. A number of development trends of professional education in China are compared with those in Russia. 相似文献
3.
Land fragmentation due to rapid urbanization in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area: Analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Milan K. Shrestha Abigail M. YorkChristopher G. Boone Sainan Zhang 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):522-531
Rapid urbanization of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area exemplifies the dominant US Southwest urban growth pattern of the past six decades. Using a combination of multitemporal land cover data, gradient analysis, and landscape metrics, we quantify and characterize spatiotemporal patterns of land fragmentation observed in Phoenix. We analyze historical, qualitative data to identify five major socio-ecological drivers critical to understanding the urbanization processes and fragmentation patterns: population dynamics, water provisioning, technology and transportation, institutional factors, and topography. A second objective is to assess the applicability and accuracy of National Land cover Database (NLCD)-—a widely used land cover dataset—-to detect and measure urban growth and land fragmentation patterns in the relatively treeless desert biome of the US Southwest. In contrast to studies in the temperate eastern USA where NLCD has proved inaccurate for detection of exurban development, our study demonstrates that NLCD is a reliable data source for measuring land use in the southwest, even in low-density environments. By combining qualitative analyses of social-ecological drivers with fragmentation analyses, we move toward an improved understanding of urbanization and insights on the human modification framework used widely in land change science. 相似文献
4.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):254-260
Abstract The rise of service-learning in higher education has been critiqued as little more than community service that encourages students to “do good,” but fails to generate original scholarship or social change. In this article, we argue that service-learning gives geographers the opportunity to challenge these critiques, by demonstrating the practical and political implications of collaborative research methodologies, while conveying powerful conceptual understandings of inequality. We begin by interrogating the philosophical overlap between experiential and service-based learning in the educational philosophy of John Dewey. Using this foundational approach, several theoretical and methodological debates in geography are examined, celebrating and drawing lessons from classic and current service-learning programs. We conclude with a discussion and reflection on experiences with implementing similar pedagogical projects. 相似文献
5.
This article considers the concept and significance of transformative research in the context of geography education. It provides an overview of how the capacity-building activities and management operations of a research coordination network (RCN) are designed to support broad-scale advances in geography education theory, methods, and practice. Vignettes of RCN activities are presented as examples of pathways toward transformative research in the areas of geography learning progressions, assessments of spatial thinking, and geospatially enabled project-based learning. Beyond the prospect of introducing new paradigms of learning and using research findings to inform and systematically change approaches to teacher education and curriculum development, an RCN offers an opportunity to plan broad-based strategy and develop leadership needed to address many long-standing challenges that have undermined the quality and quantity of geography education research. These challenges include the low visibility of geography education research relative to other geographic subdomains, the difficulty of carrying out interdisciplinary and international research collaborations, low rates of transfer and uptake of research findings in practitioner communities and in policymaking, and the erosion of graduate-level programs that prepare students to plan and design conceptually rigorous educational research in geography. 相似文献
6.
This article explores the dimensions of rapid urbanization in the Phoenix Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) over the past thirty years with respect to land use change. We devote primary attention to developing an understanding of what land transformations took place, the extent to which they occurred, and where they occurred. Our findings indicate that 32 percent of the Phoenix SMSA changed between 1970 and 2000. More than half of the overall change was from agriculture to some form of urban land use, and although a large percentage of the region remains open desert the parcels of desert are increasingly fragmented. This has significant implications for urban ecology and biodiversity. The growth indicates that rather than a pattern that reflects the agglomeration effects of a polycentric metropolis, the central business district of the City of Phoenix dominates the region. This has implications with respect to employment patterns, traffic congestion, and urban air quality and climate. 相似文献
7.
《Urban geography》2013,34(1):12-23
Current urban policy stresses the creation of a sustainable economic base in the inner city. It is assumed that increasing the number and range of jobs in the inner city will result in employment opportunities for disadvantaged local residents. This paper explores the linkage between inner-city employment and inner-city residence in Phoenix, Arizona, using the 1995 Maricopa County Trip Reduction Survey. Results indicate that only 15% of the employees of large businesses in inner-city Phoenix were residents of nearby neighborhoods. Stronger workplace-residence linkages were found in personal services, agricultural activities, hotels, and restaurants. Extremely weak linkages occurred in transportation-related activities at the local airport, communications and public utilities, and financial institutions. Few inner-city residents were employed in inner-city governmental activities. Occupational profiles with the strongest ties to inner-city residents were those oriented toward manufacturing tasks and those employing women and young persons. Although there was, in fact, a mismatch between the professional nature of many inner-city jobs and the low educational and skill levels of inner-city residents, job linkages were weak even in areas that were dominated by low- and semi-skilled jobs. Ultimately, we question the assumption that job creation in the inner-city results in more jobs for local residents. 相似文献
8.
优质公立义务教育资源对国内城市住房价格具有强烈的资本化效应,引发了相对显著的居住群分现象,已成为公共服务领域的热点问题。既有综述类研究缺乏对教育资源资本化的系统性探讨。论文在对教育资源资本化概念与形成机制进行解析的基础上,从教育资源对住房价格的影响、教育资源资本化计量、教育群分与应对策略3个视角进行述评。首先,分别从学校教育质量的测度及其对住房价格的影响、教育资源可达性的测度及对住房价格的影响2个方面,进行“教育资源对住房价格的影响”相关研究综述。其次,通过对测度教育资源资本化的4类典型方法(特征价格法、边界固定法、工具变量法、双重差分法)、部分典型空间经济计量模型与地理加权回归模型及相关应用进行评述,来梳理“教育资源资本化计量”相关文献。最后,围绕择校或学区政策可能引发的教育群分现象、缓解过度教育群分问题的政策研究,概述“教育群分与应对策略”的研究进展。入学政策效应追踪与评估、缓解教育群分现象的系统研究框架构建、覆盖各学段的教育资源资本化测度、针对各学段更加有效的学校可达性测度方法设计、国内租购同权政策下教育资源资本化的动态变化等,或可成为进一步探讨的方向。 相似文献
9.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):105-112
Abstract Geography teacher preparation is an ongoing problem for the discipline. Changes in certification requirements and federal and state educational policies have diminished the role of colleges and universities in educating teachers. At the same time, geography education reform efforts have resulted in higher standards and an increased quantity of geography in the curriculum, pre-service programs have failed to produce an adequate supply of highly qualified geography teachers. This paper suggests that geographers implement geography mentoring programs to improve the quality of geography instruction in early-career teachers. A model developed for the National Geographic Society is described. The model uses Teacher Consultants as mentors to assist novice teachers at the stage in their development when they are most ready to improve practice: between years two and five of their career. 相似文献
10.
In view of a globalizing marketplace and the continual need for market intelligence, firms seek venues in which to access cost effective, functional information. Significant sources of such knowledge, especially in tacit form, can be found within temporary clusters: international trade fairs. This article explores how firms in the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry use educational programs held during a trade fair as a means of information acquisition and exchange, providing a new angle to research on the economic geographies of these events, especially in terms of learning processes. Specifically, it analyzes how firms use educational programs to access remote knowledge (i.e., tacit information unavailable in a local context) in these temporary, spatially confined environments. Analyses of firm-level survey data gathered at a recent solar industry trade fair revealed that there is a significant effect of educational program participation on accessing remote knowledge. The results provide evidence that firms participate in trade fair educational programs to access remote knowledge that is critical to international success. Key Words: educational programs, knowledge exchange, remote knowledge, trade fairs. 相似文献
11.
RESURGENT MEXICAN PHOENIX* 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT. Popular impressions of Phoenix, Arizona perpetuate the notion that this metropolitan area is an overwhelmingly Anglo place. We challenge this assertion and demonstrate that the city has substantial Mexican roots and is presently being shaped by a vibrant, resurgent Mexican population. Employing historical records, surveys, and landscape data, we articulate the Mexican character of early Phoenix and highlight how the revival of Mexican Phoenix has transformed the urban landscape. We then relate how Phoenix's Mexican population is a more nuanced regional subculture formed through both historical and contemporary connections with specific Mexican states. We conclude with a call for greater understanding of the internal heterogeneity of Mexicans in the United States and how this can inform our geographical interpretations of the growing Latinization of American cities. 相似文献
12.
Climate change, land-use change, and population growth are fundamental factors affecting future hydrologic conditions in streams, especially in arid regions with scarce water resources. Located in the arid southwest within the Las Vegas Wash watershed, Las Vegas is one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas of the country. In the past 30?years, because of climate and land-use changes, it has experienced a decrease in clean water supply but an increase in water demand. To alleviate some of these problems, large amounts of water have been pumped into the city from different sources, such as Lake Mead, and the urban wastewater is treated and returned back to the reservoir for water augmentation. However, in the face of continual global climate change and urbanization in the watershed, long-term planning for sustainable water management is critical. This research was designed to provide a comprehensive analysis incorporating hydrologic modeling, population projection, land-use change modeling, and water management policies to examine the total water balance and management options in this arid and rapidly urbanizing watershed under various scenarios of climate regime, population growth, land-use change, and total water management programs for the year 2050. 相似文献
13.
学前和义务教育阶段学生由乡到城的跨尺度流动影响教育资源配置和社会治理,事关乡村振兴和教育公平。解析乡村学生跨尺度流动的内涵并构建其研究框架,融合县级统计数据和调查访谈数据对陕西省淳化县进行实证分析。结果表明：① 淳化县乡村学生存在跨尺度流动现象并趋于加剧,突出表现为跨县域的跳跃流动成为主体和流动时间提前至幼儿园阶段,乡村义务教育设施的小规模化趋势和学前教育设施“城挤乡空”的潜在风险因此出现。② 乡村学生跨尺度流动的影响因素呈4级递阶结构,进城落户和随迁就学政策是深层动因,教育资源配置、父母文化程度与学校教学质量、家庭经济资本、父母籍贯分别为中层与浅层影响因素,父母工作地、家庭购房情况、学校寄宿条件和上学距离是表层直接影响因素。③ 推力因素和家庭心理门槛的消除促使乡村学生流出,但实现流动需克服“人、钱、居”三大中间阻力和路径门槛,流入地的最终确定则受拉力因素和区位门槛的共同作用,整个流动过程的发生始终受资源分配不均形成的梯度力和随迁就学等政策的影响。建议多渠道增加乡村优质教育资源供给,扩大省级政府及副省级城市的教育统筹权,推动教育治理模式的流动性转向。 相似文献
14.
Matthew T. J. Brownlee Jeffrey C. Hallo DeWayne D. Moore Robert B. Powell Brett A. Wright 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(9):964-982
Areas affected by drought are increasing, and many lakes that provide potable water and recreation opportunities are located in drought-vulnerable areas. Understanding a population's attitudes toward conservation actions can improve communication initiatives, policy development, and education, which are all necessary for effective water resource management. However, little is known about stakeholders’ interactions with drought-influenced resources and the potential factors that form their water conservation attitudes. Using a mixed methods approach, we evaluated lake recreationists’ (n = 229) attitudes toward water conservation at a drought-impacted lake. We identified the relationships between two site-specific factors (place attachment and awareness of drought impacts), beliefs in climate change, concern for drought impacts, and water conservation attitudes. Results indicated concern for local drought impacts fully mediated the relationships between site-specific factors, beliefs in climate change, and attitudes toward water conservation behaviors. Implications for research, outreach, and water resource management are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Land use changes from natural ecosystems to industrial agriculture have impacted water quality and wildlife populations in the Mississippi River basin. Government programs providing technical assistance and monetary incentives have not resulted in adequate adoption rates of conservation practices. While there has been a plethora of research examining the factors associated with conservation adoption, significantly less is understood about the relative importance of these factors. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with agricultural producers in three Midwestern watersheds, we assess the relative importance of environmental and production decision criteria when making decisions to adopt conservation practices. Although AHP provides insight into how decisions may be made at the watershed scale, this methodology also provides insight into how individuals make conservation decisions and may also provide a method for delivering tailored conservation advice and communications. 相似文献
16.
Nathan Scholl 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):286-287
This study assessed the spatial distribution of vulnerability to extreme heat in 1990 and 2000 within metropolitan Phoenix based on an index of seven equally weighted measures of physical exposure and adaptive capacity. These measures were derived from spatially interpolated climate, normalized differential vegetation index, and U.S. Census data. From resulting vulnerability maps, we also analyzed population groups living in areas of high heat vulnerability. Results revealed that landscapes of heat vulnerability changed substantially in response to variations in physical and socioeconomic factors, with significant alterations to spatial distribution of vulnerability especially between eastern and western sectors of Phoenix. These changes worked to the detriment of Phoenix's Hispanic population and the elderly concentrated in urban-fringe retirement communities. 相似文献
17.
One of the most pressing global issues currently facing mankind is the increase in world population and its impact on the availability of freshwater. Recent estimates of water stocks and flows through the world's hydrologic cycle and their spatiotemporal variability illustrate the nature of current and projected water disparities throughout the world. As all such problems manifest themselves at smaller scales, a major challenge in freshwater assessments is how to handle this on different geographical scales. Increasing use of water is creating water shortages in many countries that are projected to have significant population increases in the next 25 years. Humankind is projected to appropriate from 70% to 90% of all accessible freshwater by 2025. Agriculture is the dominant component of human water use, accounting for almost 70% of all water withdrawals. Hence, many of the solutions to water-related food and environmental security come from within agriculture by increasing the efficiency and productivity of water use. Many factors significantly impact the increasing water demand, including population growth, economic growth, technological development, land use and urbanization, rate of environmental degradation, government programs, climate change, and others. Demand management, not increasing supply availability, is the realistic way forward. Although, thanks to market forces, the threatened exhaustion of nonrenewable resources has not happened, renewable resources, such as freshwater, remain problematic because they are vulnerable to human overuse and pollution. Climate change adds further risks and uncertainties to the global picture requiring the adoption of adaptive management in water resources based on monitoring and reevaluation. Although climate change may be perceived as a long-term problem, it needs to be addressed now because decisions today will affect society's ability to adapt to increasing variability in tomorrow's climate. If we are to balance freshwater supply with demand, and also protect the integrity of aquatic ecosystems, a fundamental change in current wasteful patterns of production and consumption is needed. Recognition of the links between rapidly growing populations and shrinking freshwater supplies is the essential first step in making water use sustainable. 相似文献
18.
Barney Warf 《The Professional geographer》1999,51(4):586-591
Geographic researchers and those who specialize in educational issues have paid insufficient attention to one another. Many theoreticians are openly contemptuous of those who study education; many who focus on pedagogy are unnecessarily defensive. This essay calls for a program of sustained intercourse that is explicitly mutually transformative in nature. It reviews what each perspective offers the other. A change in attitude among those who emphasize geographic research is needed that takes pedagogy far more seriously than it has hitherto. Conversely, geographers whose professional interest is in education would benefit from including new conceptual material such as social theory and political economy in pedagogic works. The results of such an intersection would be to inject new energy into the field, including secondary schools, widen geography's audience, and enhance its popular reputation. 相似文献
19.
从地理科学的发展趋势看教育地理学的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
尚志海 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(5):121-125
教育地理学在中国的提出时间虽然不长,但教育地理学的研究具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。然而当前地理学者很少涉猎这一研究领域,这与教学地理学应有的地位和作用是十分不相称的。在总结分析地理科学的发展趋势的基础上,通过研读罗明东教授的著作,初步探讨了教育地理学的研究对象、学科性质和研究内容,并提出今后地理学者应该重视教育现象的地域分异规律、区域教育可持续发展及其协调、教育活动对地理环境的影响3个方面的研究,从而在这些方面寻求教育地理学研究上的突破。 相似文献
20.
社区教育空间布局不均衡不仅是中国面临的问题,也是全球性的问题。早在20世纪末,国外就对社区教育空间布局展开了研究,本文通过对国际上相关文献进行梳理,对比分析,发现学者主要围绕社会学及教育地理学两大学科进行讨论。具体主题包括：从空间视角探讨社会空间与教育空间的关系,社区教育资源禀赋的空间分异,社区教育空间不均衡与减贫、民族、性别之间的关系以及对社会公平正义的影响,个体情感归属与社区教育空间布局的关系、社区教育空间的外向性、地理空间技术和方法在社区教育领域的应用。结合当前我国社区教育自身发展的特点及国际研究的趋势,未来我国社区教育研究可以从社区教育对社区居民身份认同的空间塑造,对地方经济增长、社区民主、民族融合的影响;以及从时空演变的经纬度探寻社区教育资源空间布局不均衡的原因,并科学地提供均衡配置两个方面进行。 相似文献