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1.
社区恢复力研究进展及其地理学研究议题 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
随着人口、资源与环境的矛盾日益加深,灾害已成为可持续发展的重要障碍。在这一背景下,恢复力成为推动社会经济系统可持续发展的新理念和新范式。恢复力研究的范式也由早期的生态恢复力逐渐转向社区恢复力的研究。现有的社区恢复力研究成果主要集中在概念内涵探索、影响因素识别、基于客观指标和基于行动者感知的社区恢复力测度等方面。迄今尚未形成公认的可接受的社区恢复力理论框架;对普通乡村社区研究较多,对特定资源依赖型社区恢复力研究较少;对突发性自然灾害对社区恢复力的影响研究较多,对其他灾害和危机对社区恢复力的影响研究较少;社区恢复力测度方法的适用性和科学性仍待加强;社区恢复力关键影响因素的作用机制仍需进一步探索。在此基础上,提出从地理学视角研究社区恢复力的主要议题,包括社区恢复力的形成机制及其区域差异、动态演变过程、影响因素的作用机理、基于人地关系的社区恢复力感知量表以及具有尺度效应的社区恢复力测度指数等。 相似文献
2.
Michael Mitchell Rod Griffith Paul Ryan Greg Walkerden Brian Walker Valerie A. Brown 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(3):299-314
Natural resource management (NRM) organizations are increasingly looking to resilience thinking to provide insights into how social and environmental systems interact and to identify points of intervention. Drawing on complex systems analysis, resilience thinking emphasizes that landscapes constantly change from social and ecological interactions, and focuses NRM planners’ attention on identifying key variables, feedbacks, and thresholds that can help improve intervention strategies. More deliberative approaches are being developed to use resilience thinking in ways that engage and build human capacity for action. This article documents experiences shared with NRM agencies in rural Australia as we developed new approaches to link resilience thinking with collective learning principles. We present an emerging framework through which heuristics associated with resilience thinking is being used as part of a planning-by-doing process. The framework is being tested to assess whether and how it can enable change agents to advance their capacities for adaptation and transformation. 相似文献
3.
空间恢复力理论支持下的人地系统动态研究进展 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
人地系统的概念表现了人与地在特定的地域中相互联系、相互作用而形成的一种动态结构,面向人地系统动态运行过程的复杂性,亟待构建更有力的指标体系表征地球系统和人类系统相互影响与反馈的过程。空间恢复力可以被理解为以保障人地系统结构稳定为目标的地域空间整体对自然和社会扰动的吸收、复原或转化能力,为人地系统研究中针对性理论模式和可定量化指标体系的塑造提供新途径。本文以从自然维度出发的政策与生态系统空间恢复力、从社会维度出发的环境变化与社区生产生活空间恢复力、从综合描述方式出发的空间恢复力综合指标体系三个角度梳理空间恢复力研究现状,并从结构、功能、阈值三个方面研讨不同地域功能类型下的空间恢复力指标体系,提出认知保障系统可持续性的空间状态、明晰人地系统动态过程的空间阈值、满足生态保护与社会进步国家需求三项内容可以作为人地系统动态研究的重要方向。 相似文献
4.
Community Recovery Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Toward a Theory of Cultural Resilience
Hannah E. Clarke 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(2):129-144
Culture plays an important role in communities’ abilities to adapt to environmental change and crises. The emerging field of resilience thinking has made several efforts to better integrate social and cultural factors into the systems-level approach to understanding social–ecological resilience. However, attempts to integrate culture into structural models often fail to account for the agentic processes that influence recovery at the individual and community levels, overshadowing the potential for agency and variation in community response. Using empirical data on the 2010 BP oil spill’s impact on a small, natural-resource-dependent community, we propose an alternative approach emphasizing culture’s ability to operate as a resource that contributes to social, or community, resilience. We refer to this more explicit articulation of culture’s role in resilience as cultural resilience. Our findings reveal that not all cultural resources that define resilience in reference to certain disasters provided successful mitigation, adaptation, or recovery from the BP spill. 相似文献
5.
Place Systems and Social Resilience: A Framework for Understanding Place in Social Adaptation,Resilience, and Transformation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christopher Lyon 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(10):1009-1023
6.
黄土丘陵沟壑区乡村社区恢复力时空演变及影响因素研究——以陕西省米脂县高渠乡为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
乡村人口与土地利用方式变革压力下,构建恢复力已成为保障区域社会—生态系统可持续发展的有效举措。以陕西省米脂县高渠乡为研究区,从社会、经济、制度、生态4个维度,运用熵权TOPSIS法对黄土丘陵沟壑区20个乡村的社区恢复力进行测度,探讨了2015—2019年社区恢复力的时空演变;利用障碍度模型分析了社区恢复力关键影响因子作用机制,并通过比较当前关键影响因子所处维度,将社区划分为不同类型,实现社区的分类治理。结果表明：①（① “四会”指村民议事会、红白理事会、道德评议会、禁毒禁赌会。） 研究期间社区恢复力由0.171提升到0.318,其中经济恢复力上升较为明显,制度、生态恢复力呈小幅提高,而社会恢复力则表现为下降;社区恢复力空间分异更加显著,呈现为“中部高、边缘低”的分布格局。② 研究期末社区恢复力关键影响因素中,经济维度有养殖业发展水平、种植业发展水平、农业产业化带动农户数、农民人均收入;制度维度为基层领导平均受教育年限、公平性管制、村民参与决策机会;社会维度为乡村公共空间比例、流动人口比例;生态维度为“三田”面积占比。③ 通过当前社区恢复力关键影响因子各维度障碍度大小排序,依次识别经济、制度、社会、生态恢复力低值区,最终将高渠乡20个乡村社区划分为3类,结合不同类型乡村社区的特点提出相应对策建议,以期为精准化、差异化管理提供决策参考。 相似文献
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Maria Teresa Carone Loris Melchiorri Francesco Romagnoli Fausto Marincioni 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):604-615
The increase of extreme meteorological phenomena, along with continuous population growth, has led to a rising number of flooding disasters. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop better risk reduction strategies, among which is increased social resilience. Experiencing a disaster is recognized as a factor that positively influences overall community resilience, with particular effects on social resilience; it appears to be more influential than school education. It also has many negative effects, though. Previous studies underline that citizens do not distinguish between different types of experiences. Thus, we investigated whether a simulated experience of a flood can improve social resilience, without being hampered by negative repercussions. The study was executed in five municipalities in three Italian regions involved in the European project LIFE PRIMES, which planned simulation activities for each studied area. Data, collected through the administration of anonymous questionnaires before and after a flood drill, were processed by applying a multicriteria decision analysis tool (PROMETHEE). Results show that the drill significantly augmented perceived social resilience in the smaller studied communities but not in the larger ones, a fact that should be further investigated. Key Words: multicriteria decision analysis, simulated flood experience, social resilience to disasters. 相似文献
8.
Anita Latai-Niusulu Tony Binns Etienne Nel 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2020,41(1):40-60
Being resilient in the face of climate change seems especially important for island societies, which face the effects of rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, changing wind patterns and sea level rise. To date, most studies of adaptation and resilience among Pacific island communities have used indicators and methods rooted in Western science and neo-classical economics. These have been criticized as being locally irrelevant and inadequate to appreciate the dynamic nature and social structures of island communities and their capacity to adapt. This paper challenges the paradigm that defines resilience as a return to equilibrium, by using a non-equilibrium, cultural ecological lens. The non-equilibrium view of resilience sees the social systems of island nations as highly dynamic and undergoing persistent adaptation in the face of changing environmental factors. Field-based research undertaken in eight villages in Samoa found that, through constant exposure to environmental change over extended periods of time, communities have become resilient and are in a position to adapt to future changes. In developing future policy in relation to climate change, Pacific island governments need to develop a more nuanced understanding of islanders’ perceptions and historical actions in the context of both their physical locations and their dynamic socio-cultural systems. 相似文献
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Qualitative research undertaken in a regional centre of northern Queensland revealed how community members with an interest in water quality see themselves and others being pro-active in maintaining healthy waterways. Interview analysis revealed that respondents saw social resilience to changing water quality as contingent upon personal perceptions of water quality; the ability of a whole community to respond to changes in water quality; and individual behaviour change. Many participants explained that, in general, individuals would not take responsibility for maintaining healthy waterways unless there were personal consequences for not acting. We relate these data to current literature linking individual attitudes to community pro-environmental behaviour. We conclude that certain conditions usually prevail before a whole community will take up environmentally responsible behaviour. These conditions include a latent level of social capital, collective social learning, agency coordination, sufficient resources, and personal significance. 相似文献
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How do ideas of place support the development of racialized identities in times of terror violence? We situate this paper in the “deep” south via the shooting of 9 black churchgoers by a white supremacist. We explore how the community mobilized after the massacre, and in what ways it relied on ideas of place. While many claimed that the community exemplified resilience, we demonstrate a process of re-racialization. We analyzed local media to document place framing. This frame was recirculated in reporting of residents’ expressions about the tragedy. We conducted interviews with community leaders to deepen our understanding. We find that while place played a powerful role in the resilience narrative, the resilience was ultimately one of a city of whiteness. We advance several points: (1) whiteness adapts in times of terror; (2) place is important in the security studies; and (3) place also plays a role in attenuating fear. 相似文献
11.
Karen Reid 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(2):140-154
This research studied factors that residents of a fire-prone Victorian community used when deciding whether to leave their homes on a day officially declared “Catastrophic,” the highest Fire Danger Rating. Taking a social constructivist perspective, we explore how the expert view of bushfire risk, represented by Fire Danger Ratings, is interpreted within the context of local understandings of the landscape and social memory of bushfire. Residents perceive a disconnection between the Fire Danger Rating and local reality. Their social construction of bushfire is related to social and ecological memory, which comprises physical experience of the landscape and local fire knowledge narratives. The exclusion of this social complexity from Fire Danger Ratings diminished their utility as a way of helping people make meaning of bushfire. We propose that fire management agencies work with communities to develop a co-constructed view of bushfire risk that incorporates local bushfire knowledge into Fire Danger Ratings. 相似文献
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国外弹性城市研究述评 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
城市如何在重重挑战与危机中, 因应各种变化, 保持自身发展活力, 是一个亟待解决的重要问题。本文梳理了国外弹性理论研究的4 个领域, 即生态弹性、工程弹性、经济弹性和社会弹性, 并归纳总结了它们各自的基本概念、内涵及代表性研究学者;在此基础上, 系统评述了国外相应的弹性城市研究的4 个领域的内涵与研究重点, 包括城市生态弹性、城市工程弹性、城市经济弹性和城市社会弹性;同时根据已有研究的发展脉络, 前瞻了未来弹性城市研究3 个趋势方向, 即社会平等的议题如何渗入到弹性城市的理念之中, 技术革新如何增强城市弹性, 跨学科、多领域的介入如何共同协作建设弹性城市。鉴于中国各地区自然社会经济差异较大, 不同地区的发展历史、发展阶段、社会文化背景不同, 因此弹性城市理论的应用更应考虑到中国特色, 使弹性理论本身更为“弹性”。 相似文献
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基于Web of science核心数据库中1991—2019年收录主题为“regional resilience”的文献数据,利用CiteSpace5.0软件,采取关键词共现网络分析、共被引文献聚类分析、社会网络共现分析等方法对区域弹性研究现状进行知识图谱可视化。结果发现：1）区域弹性相关研究文献发表数量总体呈上升趋势,主要集中在生态环境、区域经济、社会生态系统以及社会福祉等领域;美、澳、英、加、中5国以及斯德哥尔摩大学、昆士兰大学、詹姆斯·库克大学、中国科学院、美国地质勘探局、剑桥大学等研究机构在弹性领域具有雄厚的科研实力。2）Ron Martin、Carl Folke、Angeler DG、Craig R Allen以及Gillian Bristow等学者及其代表文章是区域弹性研究的知识基础。3）区域经济、社会生态系统、社会福祉以及方法突破是区域弹性研究的热点内容。未来研究中应结合中国高质量发展背景,构建具有本土特色的区域弹性理论框架和多学科融合的研究范式,为社会高质量、安全发展提供政策建议和实践方案。 相似文献
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2000年以来,中国社会地理学呈现出良好的发展态势。梳理和分析该时期中国社会地理学的发展,对了解当前国内本学科的现状和指导未来一段时期的发展都具有重要意义。首先对社会地理学的发展进行简要介绍,探讨了社会地理学的研究主题。通过对大量文献和著作的梳理,在对2000年以来中国社会地理学发展的总体分析基础上,从城市社会地理学与乡村社会地理学两方面对社会地理学研究的主要内容进行了归纳和评述,最后对中国社会地理学未来的发展进行了讨论和展望。在未来的学科建设与研究中,中国社会地理学应积极合理地借鉴西方地理学与其他学科优秀成果,继续拓展并深化已有的研究内容,探索建立具有中国特色的社会地理学理论框架,同时发挥社会地理学问题指向性优势,提高解决实际问题的能力。 相似文献
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Participatory ecological monitoring brings together conservationists and members of the public to collect data about changes in nature. This article scrutinizes the “social nature” of such monitoring, considering not only its impacts for nature, but also society, and importantly the ways in which these interact. Drawing on the field of nature–society studies we present a framework with which to explore case studies from the community forests of Nepal. We document the importance of multiple knowledges of nature, including what is referred to as “local monitoring” and its relation to the scientific procedures promoted in participatory monitoring; the consequences of participatory monitoring as a situated and embodied practice, such that it may (re)produce social inequalities; and the place of monitoring within the wider socioecological regime, with regard to possible unintended consequences for both nature and society. This article thus expands our understanding of the complexities of this increasingly popular approach to conservation. 相似文献
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社会地图研究综述与展望 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用地图方法研究社会空间已有较长历史,在不同的研究背景下形成了多种研究模式。近年来,大数据的出现和空间信息可视化技术的发展,不仅为社会地图的广泛应用提供了更多数据和方法支撑,也为社会空间的再认识提供了新的契机和可能。本文在对面向社会空间研究的国内外社会地图运用成果进行系统梳理的基础上, 将社会地图的研究应用归纳为要素呈现、问题解释和理论验证3个阶段,并对其具体应用内容、方法和数据形式进行了综述,总结为统计图、点值图、网格图、密度图等四种类型,并就社会地图在中国社会空间研究中的应用可能性及其方向进行了讨论和展望。 相似文献
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社会脆弱性概念、分析框架与评价方法 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
社会脆弱性作为脆弱性的维度之一,是脆弱性与可持续性科学研究领域的新兴热点问题.在分析对国内外社会脆弱性研究文献的基础上,从概念内涵、分析框架与评价方法3 方面对社会脆弱性研究进行了评述.目前学者们对社会脆弱性概念有不同的理解,尚未形成统一的概念体系与内涵特征;系统性的社会脆弱性分析框架尚未形成,现有成果多是在脆弱性框架基础上的延伸和拓展,主要从政治经济学视角、社会—生态视角和综合视角开展研究;多元化的评价方法在社会脆弱性的应用研究中仍较少见,已有研究的评价指标体系尚不完善.未来,应进一步拓展社会脆弱性研究内容,促进多学科交叉融合;逐步统一社会脆弱性概念和分析框架,深化社会脆弱性的理论研究;加强社会脆弱性评价方法与指标体系的完善,促进多元化评价方法的应用;加强社会脆弱性减缓与调控对策研究,整合社会脆弱性与适应性框架,为提高社会适应能力与可持续发展提供科学依据. 相似文献
18.
总结国外土地配置研究的特点与经验,可以为我国土地配置工作面临的诸多新问题与新挑战提供参考与借鉴。利用文献资料法与定性分析法,对国外有关土地配置的研究进行了梳理和分析。国外土地配置研究对维持生态系统正常运行、保护土地景观、阻止生态用地向工业用地过度转化以及确保土地利用社会整体利益最大化等问题非常关注,对土地适宜性评判、不同因素对土地配置的影响及土地配置调控手段效率检验与改进等方面也进行了比较深入的研究。与国外土地配置研究相比,我国土地配置研究应从扩展研究视角、注重多维度土地利用类型的适宜性评判、重视利益主体诉求以及探析土地配置新途径等方面完善相关研究体系。 相似文献
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人居环境演变研究进展 总被引：17，自引：6，他引：11
人居环境作为人类栖息地,随着人类活动影响范围和强度的增加,人居环境问题越来越突出,人居环境演变过程也成为学术界关注的热点.本文梳理了近20 年来关于人居环境演变的相关研究理论与方法,从人居环境演变趋势的影响因素分析、演变机制探析和研究方法等方面评述了国内外的研究动向.总体而言,人居环境研究呈现出多学科交叉、集成研究的特点,在数据获取、演变过程的研究上更多地采用了现代化技术和模拟分析方法,但学术界对人居环境的内涵、演变机制解析等仍然存在着分歧.与国外研究相比,中国人居环境研究起步较晚,研究内容限于人居环境评价,对人居环境演变机理涉及较少,且研究数据和方法较为单一.最后本文对未来研究进行了展望. 相似文献