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1.
李身铎 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1987,5(1):22-33
This research on the vertical structure of tidal current in shallow water near the Changjiang River estuary is based on a great deal of observation data of current obtained recently, and a simple mathematic model. The essential features of the structure are: (1) the maximum velocity decreases with depth, the shallower the water, the lower the velocity; (2) the orientation of maximum velocity continuously deviates from the surface to the bottom to the left at the western side of the mouth bar and to the right at the eastern side; (3) the time of maximum velocity leads steadily with depth; (4) in general, tidal currents rotate clockwise, the nearer the sea-bed, the narrower the ellipse of the tidal current; (5) the ratio W1/W2 varies non-linearly with depth, and is smaller in the middle layer than at the surface and bottom. Bottom friction is the main cause of the vertical structure. 相似文献
2.
A hydro-dynamic model is established on basis of MIKE21 FM to simulate the hydro-dynamic characteristics of Xinghua Bay and investigate the influence of reclamation project on the tidal elevation and tidal currents. Tidal elevation data was obtained at the six tide gauge stations around the Xinghua Bay, and another six current stations were established to observe the tidal current velocity and direction. Validation shows that the model-simulated tidal elevation and tidal currents agree well with observations made at different stations. Predictions are made according to the reclamation project proposed in the regional marine planning of Hanjiang Industrial Park around the port in Putian City. The variations of hydro-dynamic factors, such as tide, current velocity and direction and tidal influx are obtained, and the adverse effect of reclamation on marine environment is discussed. It is shown that the tidal level inside the Xinghua Bay during high tide decreases after the reclamation project is completed. The tidal currents during flooding tide generally decrease in the southeast of the reclamation region, with the maximum decreasing amplitude reaching 0.44 m s-1. On the other hand, the tidal currents during flooding tide increase around the southeast and southwest corners of the reclamation region. The tidal currents during ebb tide increase around the southeast and southwest corners of the reclamation region, with the maximum increasing amplitude attaining 0.18 m s-1. The results in this paper can give some guidance for the marine environment management and the effective utilization of land in Putian. 相似文献
3.
Under suitable conditions of tidal current and wind, underwater topography can be detected by synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
indirectly. Underwater topography SAR imaging includes three physical processes: radar ocean surface backscattering, the modulation
of sea surface short wave spectrum by the variations in sea surface currents, and the modulation of sea surface currents by
the underwater topography. The first process is described usually by Bragg scattering theory because the incident angle of
SAR is always between 20°–70°. The second process is described by the action balance equation. The third process is described
by an ocean hydrodynamic model. Based on the SAR imaging mechanism for underwater topography, an underwater topography SAR
detection model and a simplified method for its calculation are introduced. In the detection model, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic
model — the shallow water model is used to describe the motion of tidal current. Due to the difficulty of determining the
expression of SAR backscattering cross section in which some terms can not be determined, the backscattering cross section
of SAR image used in the underwater topography SAR detection is pro-processed by the simulated SAR image of the coarse-grid
water depth to simplify the calculation. Taiwan Shoal, located at the southwest outlet of Taiwan Strait, is selected as an
evaluation area for this technique due to the occurrence of hundreds of sand waves. The underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal
was detected by two scenes of ERS-2 SAR images which were acquired on 9 January 2000 and 6 June 2004. The detection results
are compared with in situ measured water depths for three profiles. The average absolute and relative errors of the best detection
result are 2.23 m and 7.5 %, respectively. These show that the detection model and the simplified method introduced in the
paper is feasible. 相似文献
4.
Current data from a moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP) deployed at 69?30.155′N,169?00.654′W in the central Chukchi Sea during 2012 summertime is analyzed in the present paper.Characteristics of tidal and residual currents are ob-tained with Cosine-Lanczos filter and cross-spectral analyses.The main achievements are as follows:1) Along with the local inertial frequency of 12.8 h,two other peaks at ~12-h and ~10-d dominate the time series of raw velocity;2) The M_2 dominates the 6 resolved tide constituents with significant amplitude variations over depth and the ratios of current speed of this constituent to that of the total tidal current are 54% and 47% for u and v components,respectively.All the resolved tidal constituents rotate clockwise at depth with the exception of MM and O1.The constituents of M_2 and S_2 with the largest major semi-axes are similar in eccentricity and orientation at deeper levels;3) The maximum of residual currents varies in a range of 20–30 cms~(-1) over depth and the current with lower velocities flow more true north with smaller magnitudes compared to the current in surface layer.The ~10 d fluctuation of residual current is found throughout the water column and attributed to the response of current to the local wind forcing,with an approximate 1.4 d lag-time at the surface level and occurring several hours later in the lower layer;4) Mean residual currents flow toward the north with the magnitudes smaller than 7 cms~(-1) in a general agreement with previous studies,which suggests a relatively weaker but stable northward flow indeed exists in the central Chukchi Sea. 相似文献
5.
TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data from October 1992 to June 2002 are used to calculate the global barotropic M
2 tidal currents using long-term tidal harmonic analysis. The tides calculated agree well with ADCP data obtained from the
South China Sea (SCS). The maximum tide velocities along the semi-major axis and semi-minor axis can be computed from the
tidal ellipse. The global distribution of M
2 internal tide vertical energy flux from the sea bottom is calculated based on a linear internal wave generation model. The
global vertical energy flux of M
2
internal tide is 0.96 TW, with 0.36 TW in the Pacific, 0.31 TW in the Atlantic and 0.29 TW in the Indian Ocean, obtained
in this study. The total horizontal energy flux of M
2 internal tide radiating into the open ocean from the lateral boundaries is 0.13 TW, with 0.06 TW in the Pacific, 0.04TW in
the Atlantic, and 0.03 TW in the Indian Ocean. The result shows that the principal lunar semi-diurnal tide M
2 provides enough energy to maintain the large-scale thermohaline circulation of the ocean.
Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2005CB422303), the International Cooperation Program
(No. 2004DFB02700), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40552002). The TOPEX/POSEIDON data are provided
by Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO DACC) 相似文献
6.
The Characteristics of Near-surface Velocity During the Upwelling Season on the Northern Portugal Shelf 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Observations made on the northern Portugal mid-shelf between May 13 and June 15,2002 were used to characterise the near-surface velocity during one upwelling season. It was found that in the surface mixed layer,the 'tidal current' was diurnal,but the tidal elevation was semi-diurnal. Both the residual current and the major axes of all tidal constituents were nearly perpendicular to the isobaths and the tidal current ellipses rotated clockwise;the major axis of the major tidal ellipse was about 3 cm s-1. The extremely strong diurnal current in the surface layer was probably due to diurnal heating,cooling,and wind mixing that induced diurnal oscillations,including the diurnal oscillation of wind stress. This is a case different from the results measured in the other layers in this area. The near-inertial spectral peaks occurred with periods ranging from 1 047 min to 1 170 min,the longest periods being observed in deeper layers,and the shortest in the surface layer. Weak inertial events appeared during strong upwelling events,while strong inertial events appeared during downwelling or weak subinertial events. The near-inertial currents were out of phase between 5 m and 35 m layers for almost the entire measurement period,but such relationship was very weak during periods of irregular weak wind. Strong persistent southerly wind blew from May 12 to 17 and forced a significant water transport onshore and established a strong barotropic poleward jet with a surface speed exceeding 20 cm s-1. The subinertial current was related to wind variation,especially in the middle layers of 15 m and 35 m,the maximum correlation between alongshore current and alongshore wind was about 0.5 at the 5 m layer and 0.8 at the 35 m layer. The alongshore current reacted more rapidly than the cross-shore current. The strongest correlation was found at a time lag of 20 h in the upper layer and of 30 h in the deeper layer. The wind-driven surface velocity obtained from the PWP model had maximum amplitude of about 7 cm s-1,corresponding to a wind stress at 0.1 Pa,and the horizontal velocity shear due to thermal wind balance had the order of 3 cm s-1. So the local wind and thermal wind would only explain a part of the strong surface velocity variations. 相似文献
7.
We investigated the Stokes drift-driven ocean currents and Stokes drift-induced wind energy input into the upper ocean using a two-way coupled wave-current modeling system that consists of the Princeton Ocean Model generalized coordinate system (POMgcs), Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model, and the Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT). The Coriolis-Stokes forcing (CSF) computed using the wave parameters from SWAN was incorporated with the momentum equation of POMgcs as the core coupling process. Experimental results in an idealized setting show that under the steady state, the scale of the speed of CSF-driven current was 0.001 m/s and the maximum reached 0.02 m/s. The Stokes drift-induced energy rate input into the model ocean was estimated to be 28.5 GW, taking 14% of the direct wind energy rate input. Considering the Stokes drift effects, the total mechanical energy rate input was increased by approximately 14%, which highlights the importance of CSF in modulating the upper ocean circulation. The actual run conducted in Taiwan Adjacent Sea (TAS) shows that: 1) CSF-based wave-current coupling has an impact on ocean surface currents, which is related to the activities of monsoon winds; 2) wave-current coupling plays a significant role in a place where strong eddies present and tends to intensify the eddy’s vorticity; 3) wave-current coupling affects the volume transport of the Taiwan Strait (TS) throughflow in a nontrivial degree, 3.75% on average. 相似文献
8.
ADI barotropic ocean model for simulation of Kuroshio intrusion into China southeastern waters 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
In this numerical model for simulating the Kuroshio intrusion into the East and South China Seas, vertically averaged marine
hydrodynamic equations governing ocean currents and long-period waves are approximated by a set of two-time-level semi-implicit
fimite difference equations. The major terms including the local acoeleration, sea-surface slope, Coriolis force and the bottom
friction are approximated with the Crank-Nicholson scheme, which is of second order accuracy. The advection terms are approximated
with the Leith scheme. The difference equations are split into two sets of alternating direction implicit equations, each
of which has a tridiagonal matrix and can be easily solved.
The model reproduces a major Kuroshio intrusion north of Luzon Island, one north of Taiwan Island, and one west of the Tokara
Strait. The model shows a current system running from the Luzon Strait to the coast of Vietnam and Hainan Island, through
the Taiwan Strait and then into the Tsushima Strait. The summer and winter monsoons generate several eddies in the South China
Sea.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
9.
The Taiwan Strait has recently been proposed as a promising site for dynamic tidal power systems because of its shallow depth and strong tides. Dynamic tidal power is a new concept for extracting tidal potential energy in which a coast-perpendicular dike is used to create water head and generate electricity via turbines inserted in the dike. Before starting such a project, the potential power output and hydrodynamic impacts of the dike must be assessed. In this study, a two-dimensional numerical model based on the Delft3D-FLOW module is established to simulate tides in China. A dike module is developed to account for turbine processes and estimate power output by integrating a special algorithm into the model. The domain decomposition technique is used to divide the computational zone into two subdomains with grid refinement near the dike. The hydrodynamic processes predicted by the model, both with and without the proposed construction, are examined in detail, including tidal currents and tidal energy flux. The predicted time-averaged power yields with various opening ratios are presented. The results show that time-averaged power yield peaks at an 8% opening ratio. For semidiurnal tides, the flow velocity increases in front of the head of the dike and decreases on either side. For diurnal tides, these changes are complicated by the oblique incidence of tidal currents with respect to the dike as well as by bathymetric features. The dike itself blocks the propagation of tidal energy flux. 相似文献
10.
Mooring observations were conducted from July 16, 2011 to March 30, 2012 east of Mindanao, Philippines(127°2.8′E, 8°0.3′N) to observe the abyssal current at about 5600 m deep and 500 m above the ocean bottom. Several features were revealed: 1) the observed abyssal current was highly variable with standard deviations of 57.3 mm/s and 34.0 mm/s, larger than the mean values of-31.9 and 16.6 mm/s for the zonal and meridional components, respectively; 2) low-frequency current longer than 6 days exhibited strong seasonal variation, flowing southeastward(mean flow direction of 119.0° clockwise from north) before about October 1, 2011 and northwestward(mean flow direction of 60.5° counter-clockwise from north) thereafter; 3) the high-frequency flow bands were dominated by tidal currents O 1, K 1, M 2, and S 2, and near-inertial currents, whose frequencies were higher than the local inertial frequency. The two diurnal tidal constituents were much stronger than the two semidiurnal ones. This study provides for the first time an observational insight into the abyssal western boundary current east of Mindanao based on long-term observations at one site. It is meaningful for further research into the deep and abyssal circulation over the whole Philippine Sea and the 3D structure of the western boundary current system in this region. More observational and high-resolution model studies are needed to examine the spatial structure and temporal variation of the abyssal current over a much larger space and longer period, their relation to the upper-layer circulation, and the underlying dynamics. 相似文献
11.
The 3-D ECOMSED ocean model was applied to establish a time-dependent boundary model for Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), in which the
operator-splitting technique was used and the ‘dry and wet’ method was introduced. The influence caused by JZB reclamation
on the surface level, residual currents, tidal system and tidal energy of M2 tidal system were predicted and analyzed. The results show that JZB reclamation has slight impact on the M2 tidal system, in which the variation of amplitude and phase is less than 1%.The changes of the currents and residual currents
in Qian Bay and near the reclamation areas are greater, but in other areas the changes are smaller, in which the currents
have a change of around 1%, while the residual currents change ranges from 1.82%–9.61%. After reclamation, the tidal energy
fluxes increase by 2.62%–5.24% inside and outside the JZB mouth, but decrease by 20.21%–87.23% near Qian Bay and the reclamation
area. 相似文献
12.
Cuiping Kuang Yue Ma Binyu Wang Jueyi Sui Jie Gu Jianhui Liu Gang Lei 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(6):1290-1300
Breakwaters can be used as artificial headlands in beach nourishment to mitigate coastal erosion. Longfengtou Beach, located on the southwest coast of Haitan Bay facing the Taiwan Strait on the northeast, suffers severe erosion, where the monsoon causes significant season hydrodynamic variations. Headland breakwaters are intended to be employed to mitigate coastal erosion. A 2D sediment transport model is established using MIKE21 based on current-wave coupling and calibrated by measured data. Summer and winter wave conditions are chosen as characteristic weak and strong waves respectively. The numerical results of suspended sediment concentration and seasonal morphological evolution are compared under the conditions with and without the headland breakwaters. Sediment transport in summer can be regarded as mainly determined by current field, while in winter wave effect is strong enough to change current field. The northern breakwater, nearly perpendicular to the ebb current direction, obstructs the currents and decreases velocity of the ebb currents, and confines the water carrying sediments within the protection area during the flood period. The southern breakwater also breaks the waves in advance and significantly reduces the hydrodynamic effects during the flood period and maintains high suspended sediment concentration in the protection area. In general, two headland breakwaters decrease the erosion near the beach and enlarge the deposition area, which play a significant role in prevention of sediment loss in nearshore area and mitigate coastal erosion. 相似文献
13.
STUDY OF WATER—TRANSPORT THROUGH SOME MAIN STRAITS IN THE EAST CHINA SEA AND SOUTH CHINA SEA 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
OCCAM global ocean model results were applied to calculate the monthly water transport through 7 straits around the East China Sea(ECS)and the South china Sea(SCS).Analysis of the features of velocity profiles and their variations in the Togara Strait,Luzon Strait and Eastern Taiwan Strait showed that;1)the velocity profiles had striped pattern in the Eastern Taiwan Strait,where monthly flux varied from 22.4 to 28.1 Sv and annual mean was about 25.8 Sv;2)the profiles of velocity in the Togara Strait were characterized by core structure,and monthly flux varied from 23.3 to 31.4 Sv,with annual mean of about 27.9 Sv;3)water flowed from the SCS to the ECS in the Taiwan Strait,with maximum flux of 3.1 Sv in July and minimum of 0.9 Sv in November;4)the flux in the Tsushima Strait varied by only about 0.4 Sv by season and its annual mean was about 2.3 Sv;5)Kuroshio water flowed into the SCS in the Luzon Strait throughout the year and the velocity profiles were characterized by multi-core structure.The flux in the Luzon Strait was minimun in June(about 2.4 Sv)and maximum in February(about 9.0 Sv),and its annual mean was 4.8 Sv;6)the monthly flux in the Mindoro Strait was maximum in December(3.0 Sv)and minimum in June(Only 0.1 Sv),and its annual mean was 1.3 Sv;7)Karimata Strait water flowed into the SCS from May to August,with maximum in-flow flux of about 0.75 Sv in June and flowed out from September to April at maximum outflow flux of 3.9 Sv in January.The annual mean flux was about 1.35 Sv. 相似文献
14.
The observed currents in summer in the Bohai Sea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A harmonic method was used to analyze the tidal currents observed in summer at 11 stations made from 1996 to 2001 in the Bohai Sea, China. Data was compared among different instruments and intervals. Elliptic elements were calculated based on harmonic constants, of which vertical distributions of the maximum speed and rotation direction were discussed for understanding the characteristics of diurnal and semi-diurnal tidal current components. The results indicate that the maximum speed of M2 tidal current component is much larger than that of K1; the rotation direction of M2 tidal current constituent is clockwise in the central part of the Bohai Sea and in the Laizhou Bay, but anticlockwise in the Liaodong Bay and Bohai Bay. For K1 tidal current constituent, it is clockwise in the central Bohai Sea but anti-clockwise in the Laizhou Bay and Liaodong Bay. The tidal currents in most stations in the Bohai Sea were regular semidiurnal except for those in the central Bohai Sea, being irregular semidiurnal. 相似文献
15.
以2020-07-12唐山古冶5.1级地震为例,探讨流体固体潮参数的时空分布特征与孕震的关系。收集2017-01~2020-07唐山古冶周边16口井水位整点值资料,通过Baytap-G程序计算分析M2波与O1波潮汐参数,研究M2波潮汐因子随时间变化的趋势及空间分布情况。结果表明:1）唐山古冶地震前,震中附近井水位潮汐因子具有上升趋势,表现为应力积累;2）结合本次地震震源机制解可知,震中周边16口井潮汐因子的震时变化形态主要受主应力方向影响,东西向压缩,潮汐因子减小;南北向拉张,潮汐因子增大。 相似文献
16.
By taking into consideration the effects of ocean surface wave-induced Stokes drift velocity U,w and current velocityU,c on the drag coefficient,the spatial distributions of drag coefficient and wind stress in 2004 are computed over the tropical andnorthern Pacific using an empirical drag coefficient parameterization formula based on wave steepness and wind speed.The globalocean current field is generated from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and the wave data are generated from Wave-watch Ⅲ (WW3).The spatial variability of the drag coefficient and wind stress is analyzed.Preliminary results indicate that theocean surface Stokes drift velocity and current velocity exert an important influence on the wind stress.The results also show thatconsideration of the effects of the ocean surface Stokes drift velocity and current velocity on the wind stress can significantly im-prove the modeling of ocean circulation and air-sea interaction processes. 相似文献
17.
珊溪水库地震波速比时空分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取P波、S波到时差Δt≤14s的台站数据,使用多台和达法计算珊溪水库地震序列地震波速比,结合地震序列的时空分布特征和发震构造,分析序列的波速比时空分布特征。1)珊溪水库90%的地震波速比分布在1.66~1.75,波速比平均值为1.70;2)珊溪水库地震序列包含有多组地震活动,每组地震的波速比呈开始快速下降之后缓慢上升的变化,每两组地震之间的波速比呈现逐渐增大的趋势,其波速比的变化特征可以归纳为"下降-回升-发生一组地震";3)波速比的变化和震中位置的迁移有一定关系,地震迁移到新的位置时最初几次地震的波速比较大,随后波速比逐渐减小;4)波速比沿深度方向和双溪-焦溪垟断裂方向分布不均匀,位于水库淹没区的双溪-焦溪垟断裂西北段波速比较小,位于水库库岸的双溪-焦溪垟断裂东南段波速比在深度方向上的变化最复杂,存在两个高、低值相间的区域,4级以上地震均发生在这一段5~8km深度处的波速比高、低值过渡区域。 相似文献
18.
In this numerical model for simulating the Kuroshio intrusion into the East and South China Seas,vertically averaged marine hydrodynamic equations governing ocean currents and long-period waves areapproximated by a set of two-time-level semi-implicit finite difference equations. The major terms in-cluding the local acceleration, sea-surface slope, Coriolis force and the bottom friction are approxi-mated with the Crank-Nicholson scheme, which is of second order accuracy. The advection terms are app-roximated with the Leith scheme. The difference equations are split into two sets of alternating directionimplicit quations, each of which has a tridiagonal matrix and can be easily solved. The model reproduces a major Kuroshio intrusion north of Luzon Island, one north of Taiwan Island, andone west of the Tokara Strait. The model shows a current system running from the Luzon Strait to the coastof Vietnam and Hainan Island, through the Taiwan Strait and then into the Tsushima Strait. The summerand winter monso 相似文献
19.
Study on respiratory electron transport system （ETS） of phytoplankton in Taiwan Strait and Xiamen Harbour 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Phytoplankton respiratory electron transport system (P-ETS) activities were studied in two cruises in Taiwan Strait (Aug. 1997 and Feb. -Mar.1998) and two cruises in Xiamen Harbour (Oct., 1997 and Apr.,1998). Results showed that P-ETS activity in the surface water of southern Yaiwan Strait in summer was homogeneous [mean value of 0.106 μ102/(L.h)], inhomogeneous in northern Yaiwan Strait in winter. Variation of P-ETS activity in middle part of the Strait was not obvious between summer and winter. Mean P-ETS activity of Xiamen Harbour in autumn was 0.255 μ102/(L.h) with a little higher value in Jiulong River estuary areas. In spring, P-ETS activity was more homogeneously distributed and the mean value was 1.076 μ102/(L.h). P-ETS activity in spring was obviously higher than in autumn in Xiamen Harbour. Vertical distribution of P-ETS in Taiwan Strait was homogeneous at some stations in winter and in summer. An obvious daily variation of P-ETS activity was recorded at Stn 9837, high at midnight and low in the early morning. Significant correlation between P-ETS activity and Chl-a was observed. Results also showed that the ratio of estimated respiratory rate to photosynthetic rate varied seasonally, high in winter (0.41) and low in summer (0.12). 相似文献
20.
以2013年芦山7.0级地震为例,探讨重力固体潮参数的时空分布特征与地震孕育的关系。收集分析芦山震区附近17个台站震前2 a的连续重力观测数据,采用VAV调和分析方法分析计算日波和半日波潮汐参数,主要研究半日波M 2波潮汐因子随时间变化的趋势及空间分布情况。结果表明,芦山地震前M 2波潮汐因子趋势变化空间分布大体呈现上升与下降趋势的四象限分布,芦山地震处于四象限中心部位,可能是由震前存在的“闭锁剪力”引起的区域介质变形或密度扰动所致。 相似文献