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1.
One of the main soil parameters in analysis and design of foundations is modulus of subgrade reaction (MSR) which is a stochastic process. However, design engineers prefer a deterministic approach invoking mean of MSR and rather empirical factors of safety to account for the uncertainty. The present study includes the stochasticity in the deterministic designs by linking the factors of safety (in respect of maximum deflection and bending moment) to the allowable risk of failure through a Monte Carlo simulation on a lumped parameter deterministic model. A parametric study reveals that for a given risk level, the factors of safety are strongly dependent upon the coefficient of variation of MSR, and only mildly upon other geometric parameters of foundation system. This facilitates development of closed form equations for the upper bounds on factors of safety exclusively in terms of allowable risk of failure and the coefficient of variation of MSR. 相似文献
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Discarding known data from cored samples in the reliability analysis of a slope in spatially variable soils is a waste of site investigation effort. The traditional unconditional random field simulation, which neglects these known data, may overestimate the simulation variance of the underlying random fields of the soil properties. This paper attempts to evaluate the reliability of a slope in spatially variable soils while considering the known data at particular locations. Conditional random fields are simulated based on the Kriging method and the Cholesky decomposition technique to match the known data at measured locations. Subset simulation (SS) is then performed to calculate the probability of slope failure. A hypothetical homogeneous cohesion-frictional slope is taken as an example to investigate its reliability conditioned on several virtual samples. Various parametric studies are performed to explore the effect of different layouts of the virtual samples on the factor of safety (FS), the spatial variation of the critical slip surface and the probability of slope failure. The results suggest that whether the conditional random fields can be accurately simulated depends highly on the ratio of the sample distance and the autocorrelation distance. Better simulation results are obtained with smaller ratios. Additionally, compared with unconditional random field simulations, conditional random field simulations can significantly reduce the simulation variance, which leads to a narrower variation range of the FS and its location and a much lower probability of failure. The results also highlight the great significance of the conditional random field simulation at relatively large autocorrelation distances. 相似文献
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The influence of vertical spatial variability of sands on the excavation-induced lateral wall deflection and bending moment of excavations supported by cantilever retaining walls is investigated in this paper. Herein, the random finite element method (RFEM) is adopted to explicitly study the effect of one-dimensional spatial variability of internal friction angle of sands on the predicted wall and ground responses. The RFEM analysis consists of three components: (1) finite element method for analyzing lateral wall deflection and bending moment, (2) random field theory implemented with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and (3) statistical interpretation of MCS results through confidence intervals. This study reveals the importance of random field modeling in coping with the spatial variability of sands in the problem of supported excavations: (1) neglecting spatial variability of soil property will cause an overestimation of the variation in the predicted wall deflection and bending moment; (2) the estimated probability of failure based on a well-established serviceability limit state may be overestimated or underestimated depending on the chosen limiting lateral wall deflection. This study further investigates the effect of the number of MCS on the confidence intervals of the predicted statistics of the maximum lateral wall deflection and the maximum bending moment. The results also demonstrate that the confidence interval analysis of the predicted statistics of the maximum lateral wall deflection and the maximum bending moment provides a rational tool for interpreting the statistical data from RFEM. 相似文献
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水平荷载作用下PCC桩复合地基工作性状 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用河海大学岩土所自行研制开发的大型试验模型槽进行PCC桩水平承载足尺试验,实测得到了水平荷载作用下桩身弯矩分布。利用三维弹塑性有限元方法,研究了PCC单桩与等截面实心圆桩、PCC桩复合地基与等截面实心圆桩复合地基在水平荷载作用下的工作性状,对其桩身弯矩和水平位移的分布规律进行了比较,分析了竖向荷载、褥垫层厚度、基础埋深和置换率对PCC桩复合地基桩身性状的影响。研究表明,PCC桩复合地基在水平荷载作用下,随着竖向荷载、褥垫层厚度、基础埋深和置换率的增加,其桩身弯矩和水平位移随之减小。因此,在PCC桩复合地基设计时可以通过适度调整这些影响参数来减小水平荷载作用下的桩身弯矩和水平位移,确保桩身的安全。 相似文献
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Some of the available stochastic finite element methods are adapted and evaluated for the analyses of response of soils with uncertain properties subjected to earthquake induced random ground motion. In this study, the dynamic response of a soil mass, with finite element discretization, is formulated in the frequency domain. The spectral density function of the response variables are obtained from which the evaluation of the root-mean-squared and the most probable extreme values of the response are made. The material non-linearities are incorporated by using strain compatible moduli and damping of soils using an equivalent linear model for stress–strain behaviour of soils and an iterative solution of the response. The spatial variability of the shear modulus is described through a random field model and the earthquake included motion is treated as a stochastic process. The available formulations of direct Monte-Carlo simulation, first-order perturbation method, a spectral decomposition method with Neumann expansion and a spectral decomposition method with Polynomial Chaos are used to develop stochastic finite element analyses of the seismic response of soils. The numerical results from these approaches are compared with respect to their accuracy and computational efficiency. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
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被动排桩弯曲性状的三维有限元分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用三维非线性弹性有限元方法,研究了承受邻近地面超载作用时被动排桩的弯曲性状,也研究了排桩间距变化、地基软弱下卧层以及超载与排桩之间的距离对桩身弯曲性状的影响,揭示了邻近超载作用下被动排桩桩身弯矩和挠度的变化规律。研究表明,在邻近超载作用下桩身最大正弯矩出现在0.55倍桩长处,桩顶部也产生较大的负弯矩,随着超载的增大,负弯矩由增大变为减小,桩身正弯矩增大,当超载超过一定值时,桩身正弯矩加速增长;桩身的弯矩随着桩距的增大而增大;当地基中存在软弱下卧层时,桩身的负弯矩减小,而正弯矩明显增大。 相似文献
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为解决地下水位随季节升降变化时隧道开挖对邻近桩基的长期影响难题,通过三维离心模型试验,研究了地下水位循环变化时隧道对群桩的长期影响。主要分析水位循环变化时地表长期沉降、桩顶长期附加沉降、桩身长期附加弯矩和附加轴力的变化规律。试验结果表明：在隧道附近,地下水位循环变化尤其是降水对地表长期沉降影响更为明显。地表长期附加沉降随着地下水位循环次数增加而增大,且呈衰减式变形,即使经过3次水位升降循环也不能稳定;桩基长期附加沉降显著,其附加沉降量占总沉降量的50%以上;前、后桩的长期附加轴力基本为正值,桩总轴力增加,对既有受压桩极为不利,附加轴力拐点位置及最大值有所区别;经过3次地下水位循环变化后,前、后桩桩身弯矩反弯点个数减少,但桩身最大附加弯矩均明显变大,当达到极限弯矩,桩身出现塑性铰,这对穿越厚软弱层地基中的既有受压柔性桩极为危险。 相似文献
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以苏通长江大桥主墩特大型群桩基础为研究背景,考虑地震动的不确定性,将地震激励作为平稳随机过程,采用随机地震反应分析方法,对深厚场地上群桩基础受上部桥墩荷载下的地震反应进行研究。土体动力非线性性能采用等效线性化方法考虑。由于桥墩惯性作用以及软土土层对桩身位移的约束作用,地震激励下桩身位移呈三角形分布。土体位移与土体和基础间距离有关,桥墩-桩-土相互作用对基础两侧1.5倍基础宽度的土体位移有较大影响。桩体内力反应结果表明,桩顶及桩身上部剪力及弯矩均较大,边桩剪力显著大于中间桩剪力。此外,基于强度破坏准则,对以桩身屈服剪力作为控制指标的群桩基础动力可靠性进行了分析。 相似文献
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顶管施工对邻近地下管线的影响预测分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用通用Peck公式计算顶管施工引起的地下管线平面处的土体竖向位移。对地下管线的受力模型进行简化,基于Winkler地基模型,得到地下管线由于顶管开挖引起的极限弯矩、理论弯矩以及管线变形的计算方法。通过算例分析,与连续弹性解、Attewell解和王涛解的计算结果进行比较,探讨了土质条件、管线材质、管线埋深、管线管径对地下管线受力的影响。计算结果表明,本方法适用于各种土质,可较好地预估管线所受弯矩,且不会低估管线所受的最大弯矩;在相同条件下,管线埋深越大承受的弯矩也越大,但埋深仅对最大正弯矩和最大负弯矩位置附近处的管线影响较大,对其余部位影响较小;管线抗弯刚度越大,管线承受的极限弯矩和影响范围也越大;管线管径越大,管线承受的弯矩也越大。 相似文献
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河南某基坑最大开挖深度为5.8 m,场地以饱和淤泥质粉质黏土为主,与周边既有建筑最近距离为1.2 m,采用工字钢水泥土搅拌墙和预应力扩大头锚杆进行支护。运用PLAXIS有限元软件对该基坑支护结构进行数值模拟,得到了不同工况的土体位移、工字钢水泥土搅拌墙轴力和弯矩、预应力锚杆的锚固力和各开挖阶段的总乘子 ,结果表明,数值计算的土体水平位移与实际监测数据比较吻合,验证了工字钢水泥土搅拌墙建模的合理性;PLAXIS软件能较好地模拟基坑开挖过程中土层及结构的变形特点,验证了PLAXIS有限元软件在基坑工程的适用性;数值计算的土体水平位移、锚杆轴力、采用强度折减法计算的各开挖阶段的总乘子 均满足基坑设计要求,验证了工字钢水泥土搅拌墙在基坑支护的可行性,为类似基坑设计提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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寒区高等级公路宽幅路面比普通路面吸热面积更大,增加了保证路基稳定性的难度.在对其进行路基温度场的稳定性分析时,传统的有限元方法都是进行确定性分析,没有考虑到边界条件等因素的随机性、变异性,因此不能得知以上随机因素引起温度场的变幅.采用随机有限元法,由温度场的变分原理,通过摄动法建立随机温度场,从而得到随机温度场的有限元格式,理论公式可广泛适用于其他工程随机温度场问题. 将宽幅路基气温边界条件参数设为随机变量,考虑升温效应,对寒区宽幅路基温度场进行计算,分析了温度场均值和方差的分布规律.结果表明：宽幅路基中部聚热效应明显,路基下部出现厚度不均匀的融化盘,可能造成路基不均匀沉降;边界条件的随机性造成温度场方差分布呈明显的边界效应,即越靠近路基上边界温度场方差越大,在一定深度以下趋于零.此外,不论是路基下出现的融化盘,还是温度场方差分布下边界都将随时间增长而扩大. 相似文献
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为研究桩-土-断层耦合作用下桩基动力响应特性,利用振动台试验选取0.35g地震动峰值加速度时4种类型地震波,研究断层上下盘桩基加速度响应、桩顶相对位移、弯矩及桩基损伤情况。试验表明：断层上盘桩基各项参数明显大于断层下盘,呈现出上盘效应;桩顶峰值加速度大于桩底峰值加速度,上部土层对输入地震波具有滤波作用;桩顶加速度响应相较于桩底具有滞后性;桩顶峰值加速度与桩顶加速度放大系数α在输入El-Centro波时最大;上、下盘α 差值在输入Kobe波时最大;弯矩和桩顶相对位移峰值在输入Kobe波时最大;弯矩在土层分界面处较大,输入不同地震波时弯矩峰值均未超过桩身抗弯能力;提出了强震区近断层桩基可根据验算内容选取合理地震波进行验算的抗震设计建议。 相似文献
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Analytical solutions for the steady‐state response of an infinite beam resting on a visco‐elastic foundation and subjected to a concentrated load moving with a constant velocity are developed in this paper. The beam responses investigated are deflection, bending moment, shear force and contact pressure. The mechanical resistance of the foundation is modeled using two parameters ks and ts — ks accounts for soil resistance due to compressive strains in the soil and ts accounts for the resistance due to shear strains. Since this model represents the ground behavior more accurately than the Winkler spring model, the developed solutions produce beam responses that are closer to reality than those obtained using the existing solutions for Winkler model. The dynamic beam responses depend on the damping present in the system and on the velocity of the moving load. Based on the study, dynamic amplification curves are developed for beam deflection. Such amplification curves for deflection, bending moment, shear force and contact pressure can be developed for any beam‐foundation system and can be used in design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于van Genuchten-Mualem非饱和水分特征模型,建立了非饱和流运动的随机数值模型。将饱和水力传导度和孔隙大小分布参数视为服从对数正态分布的随机场,用Karhunen-Loeve展开分解,水头表示为混沌多项式展开。通过摄动方法得到一系列关于水头展开的偏微分方程,并用有限差分法进行求解。应用本文的模型分析了两随机场在统计不相关和完全相关模式下对水流随机分析的影响,结果表明两种模式下的水头均值相同,完全相关模式下的水头标准差较不相关模式下的明显偏小。 相似文献
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为探究抗滑桩实际内力与变形间的规律,特别是桩土相互作用下桩体受力、变形、稳定性等特征,通过抗滑桩大型物理模型试验,结合MATLAB拟合推导实现从桩表面应变散点数据到桩身挠度分布的求解。对比同桩长不同加载条件与同加载条件不同桩长两种情况下桩表面应变、桩身弯矩、剪力及挠度,分析抗滑桩的应变特征与内力变化规律。研究表明:单调与循环加载条件下抗滑桩工作阶段划分为三阶段,即未开裂阶段、混凝土开裂-钢筋屈服阶段、钢筋屈服-桩体破坏阶段。未开裂阶段一、二级荷载下由于土的压密性桩体略微回弹,桩表面应变、桩身弯矩、受荷段剪力及挠度出现较小的负值（绝对值约为破坏时的1%）。混凝土开裂-钢筋屈服阶段应变、弯矩、剪力、挠度增速明显加快。钢筋屈服-桩体破坏阶段应变、弯矩、剪力、挠度呈非线性增长,桩体的破坏模式均为弯剪破坏。随着自由端长度的增加,破坏时应变、弯矩增大,而剪力减小,破坏时应变增长约10%,弯矩增长约3%,剪力减少约20%;相对于单调加载,循环加载下最大弯矩值和最大挠度均有增大,最大弯矩增长约2%,最大挠度增长约1%。 相似文献
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水平受荷长桩弹塑性计算解析解 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
当考虑桩侧土体非线性本构关系时对水平受荷桩的计算一般需采用数值方法,解析结果相对较少。基于Winkler地基模型和桩侧土体简化的弹塑性本构关系,对均质地基中水平荷载作用下桩头嵌固的长桩进行了解析推导,得到了桩身最大挠度及最大弯矩与荷载关系的统一解析表达式,并采用相同的方法求得高桩情形下桩头挠度的计算式。计算表明,联合荷载作用下桩身泥面处的挠度和转角不等于单个荷载作用时的线性叠加,采用常规的线性叠加法计算将偏于不安全。所求解析式借助计算器即可进行最大挠度和最大弯矩的计算,大大方便了工程的计算应用。 相似文献
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为探明强震作用下大直径深长单桩与群桩基础的动力时程响应差异,依托海文大桥实体工程,通过大型振动台试验,开展了4种不同类型地震波作用下单桩及群桩基础的桩顶加速度、桩顶相对位移、桩身弯矩时程响应变化规律及其差异性研究。研究结果表明：由于群桩效应的存在,桩顶加速度时程响应呈现双面性,群桩基础桩顶加速度峰值大于单桩基础,但峰值出现时刻滞后于单桩0.29～1.06 s;群桩基础的桩顶相对位移最大值显著小于单桩基础,且出现时刻明显滞后,Kobe波作用时滞后高达3.82 s;群桩基础的桩身弯矩最大值小于单桩基础7.54%～9.22%,且单桩基础受地震波影响较大,弯矩时程响应振幅明显大于群桩基础。桩基础抗震设计时,可充分发挥群桩基础动力时程响应滞后性特点,合理设计并选择最优桩型。 相似文献
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基于自制的冻土-桩动力相互作用模型试验系统,对-5℃、-3℃及上层融化多年冻土中模型桩基进行了水平向动力试验,主要研究了冻结及上层融化冻土中模型桩基的桩头位移-荷载关系、桩基水平动刚度变化及桩身弯矩分布情况。结果表明：冻土中桩基动力响应特性与土体温度密切相关;正冻土中桩基有较大的侧向刚度,当冻土与桩接触面出现较大间隙时,桩头位移-荷载曲线呈反S形;桩基动力性能随多年冻土温度降低将有所改善;当冻土上部出现融化层时,桩基动响应变化显著,桩头动刚度明显减小,桩基在较小动载下可发生较大侧向位移,同时桩身最大弯矩值较正冻土中偏大,且此弯矩点埋深较大。对于多年冻土区桩基工程,应特别重视夏季上层冻土融化时可能出现的震害。 相似文献