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1.
何瑞芳 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1992,(3)
秦岭群作为北秦岭构造带核部的最老地质体,近年对其地层层序、岩石组合及变质、变形历史已作深入研究,其时代被确认为早元古宙。秦岭群与华北、扬子两地台的关系,大致有5种认识,多数认为它是华北大陆的一个组成部分;少数人认为它是独立发展的古微陆块;第三种看法认为华北与扬子地台属同一岩石圈板块,秦岭群由板内裂陷形成;第四种认为秦岭群由华北地台、扬子地台和独立古微陆块拼合而成;第五种观点是秦岭群属扬子地台北缘裂解形成的古微陆块。本文提出以下几个方面证据,进一步证明秦岭群由扬子地台分裂而来的认识。 相似文献
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华北与扬子块体在中元古代拼合成中国古大陆，但自晚震旦世又分离成两大板块，各自有其发展历史，其间以商丹断裂为界，至晚三叠世完成最终对接、拼合、寒武纪时期华北南部陆缘区为活动大陆边缘，扬子北部陆缘区为被动大陆边缘，各自又分成若干隆凹相间的次级构造岩相带，晚寒武世从扬子北部陆缘区分离出中秦岭微板块，据岩相，古生物地理，并参考古地磁资料，再造了寒武纪古大陆及秦岭古海洋面貌。 相似文献
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从古地磁研究看中国大陆形成与演化过程 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
古地磁学是进行大陆板块或微板块(地块)运动演化过程和古地理重建的最有效手段之一。近半个世纪以来,通过中外学者艰苦卓绝的努力,在中国大陆上积累了大量的古地磁数据,为中国大陆各主要块体的起源、构造演化和碰撞拼合过程等提供了定量约束。文中根据现代古地磁数据可靠性判别标准,对扬子、华北及塔里木地块显生宙古地磁数据进行了重新分析和筛选,结合拉萨和喜马拉雅地块的古地磁数据,对中国大陆的形成和演化提出了几点认识:(1)古生代中国大陆各主要块体基本位于赤道附近的低纬度地区;早古生代扬子、华北及塔里木地块与东冈瓦纳大陆关系密切;(2)中生代是中国大陆各主要块体发生碰撞和拼合的主要时期;(3)中国大陆主要块体间的碰撞和拼合具有局部首先碰撞、相互旋转、完全拼合、陆内挤压造山和伸展反弹的特点。 相似文献
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扬子和华夏两大陆块是构成华南大陆的最基本单元, 但它们的拼合带位置（尤其是西延位置）是人们长期争论的焦点。本文以国家专项“深部探测技术与实验研究”探测得到的深反射地震剖面以及华南大陆的地质资料为约束, 对重、 磁异常作地壳构造融合解译, 追踪扬子—华夏陆块拼合带。由于华南大陆广泛发育具有剩磁多期、 多类的火山—侵入岩, 本文将磁异常换算为受剩磁影响小的解析信号作构造解译, 减小剩磁造成的地质解释偏差。研究认为, 扬子与华夏两陆块的拼合带东界为鹰潭—萍乡—衡阳—贺州—北海一线, 而西界为宜昌—张家界—铜仁—都匀—百色一线, 鹰潭以东和以北的拼合带位置因为受大规模岩浆岩的干扰而不清。 相似文献
5.
本篇讨论陆—岛碰撞、地体拼合和复理石建造等大地构造作用。根据碰撞陆块的尺度可将大陆碰撞分为陆—陆碰撞、陆—岛碰撞和岛—岛碰撞三种不同级别。大陆碰撞的强度与碰撞陆块边缘的形状有关。在陆块边缘的凸出部碰撞最为剧烈,形成岩石圈变形极为剧烈的碰撞造山带。在小陆块两侧或凹入部碰撞不易发生,形成沉积巨厚的复理石建造。如果多个陆块在会聚时相对运动速度不大,碰撞不大剧烈,这种碰撞称为地体拼合.地体拼合属于岩石圈挤压力较小而作用期较长的造陆作用,以蒙古—鄂霍次克带为代表,洋陆转换带岩石圈大部分成为增生的大陆。地体拼合过程分以下4个阶段:①双向俯冲形成岛弧;②洋—岛俯冲扩展洋陆转换带;③幔源岩浆底侵,洋陆转换带岩石圈向大陆岩石圈演化;④地体拼合造陆,大陆增生。大陆碰撞发生时不发生碰撞的部位板块会聚产物具复理石建造特征。复理石盆地是被洋壳俯冲推挤成陆的显生宙洋陆转换区,以巨厚深水浊流沉积及等深流沉积为特征。大陆岩石圈碰撞作用分为以下五类:裙边碰撞,裸碰撞、弱碰撞、无碰撞和碰撞走滑,碰撞的特征参数各不相同,其中只有裸碰撞在力学上属于弹性碰撞。 相似文献
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中国东部晚元古代—三叠纪古板块的运动学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文在认真选择现有的、比较可靠的古地磁资料基础之上,综合构造变形、沉积古地理、岩浆活动与变质作用的资料,再造了中国东部各板块自晚元古代(晨旦纪)到三叠纪的古构造图。晋宁事件以后直到古生代的整个时期,华南各板块与中朝板块张裂分离,保持相当的距离并在中、低纬度地带不断迁移,形成各具特色的构造演化史。三叠世末期,临沧、保山地体拼合到扬子板块的西侧,湘桂板块可能插入南华板块;中三叠世末期南华板块与扬子板块拼合,并使它们发生普遍的褶皱;晚三叠世末期,扬子板块才与中朝板块拼合,中国东部各板块联成一体,使构造格架基本定型。 相似文献
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华南晚元古代—三叠纪构造事件与应力场 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文研究了华南3个板块（扬子、南华与湘桂）和保山、临沧地体自晚元古代到三叠纪的5次重要构造事件的沉积古地理与形变特征、主应力方向以及相关的变质与岩浆活动特征。晋宁事件,华南各板块已联成一体,当时在南北向挤压作用的影响下,造成一系列轴向东西的同斜褶皱。元古代末期一古生代早期发生明显的张裂,使各板块分离。早古生代晚期（晚加里东事件）,南华与湘桂板块发生褶皱,前者受到近东西向的挤压,后者则受到近南北向挤压,它们当时与扬子板块有相当的距离,杨子板块与中朝板块内未发生褶皱变形。海西事件以扬子板块边部的明显张裂作用为特征。印支事件早期（早三叠世）。保山地体向东俯冲,与扬子板块拼合,尔后,在中三叠世末期,使南华、湘桂板块向北位移与扬子板块拼合,在晚三叠世末期,中朝板块才与扬子板块拼合起来,形成大别山两侧的逆掩断裂系与淮阳弧形构造系。印支事件使华南各板块重新拼合,为该区构造格架基本定型的时期。 相似文献
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以地层分区为单位对上扬子地区中生代沉积建造进行了详细分析, 对盆地原型进行了初步划分, 建立了中生代上扬子陆块沉积盆地时空分布格架.结合年代地层和生物地层划分对比、生物古地理、岩相古地理和构造演化规律的综合分析, 对上扬子地区中生代3个阶段的盆地演化过程进行生动刻画, 并以此为依据分析了盆地形成演化的大地构造环境.早三叠世上扬子陆块受印支造山运动的影响不断抬升, 海相盆地水体变浅, 形成一系列混积陆表海、台盆-台地构造相; 晚三叠世-早侏罗世上扬子西缘与其西侧的特提斯域地块或多岛弧盆增生体发生碰撞拼合, 且华南陆块与华北陆块的碰撞拼合, 使上扬子陆块西南缘、西缘和北缘发育了前陆盆地和周缘前陆盆地, 与此同时雪峰隆起进入造山过程; 中侏罗世之后, 由于受古太平洋板块向西对亚洲大陆的俯冲, 上扬子陆块进入了以陆内造山作用为主的新的构造阶段, 以雪峰山为界, 东部发育一系列断陷-坳陷盆地, 西侧则发育陆内大型压陷盆地. 相似文献
10.
早古生代原特提斯洋在祁连造山带的分支本文称为古祁连洋。其洋内及邻区存在中祁连、阿拉善、柴达木、华北、扬子、塔里木等多个陆块、微陆块,处在一个复杂的多岛洋的环境中。祁连地区早古生代经历了较为复杂的俯冲拼合、碰撞造山过程。本文探讨了祁连造山带的几个构造单元构造属性,认为早古生代阿拉善微陆块南缘为被动大陆边缘,中祁连北缘为活动大陆边缘。阿拉善南部与之平行的龙首山构造单元为俯冲造山形成的增生楔体;北祁连构造带为一套俯冲增生杂岩,包含高压变质岩带、蛇绿岩带、岛弧岩浆和部分洋壳残片等,记录了古祁连洋壳从大陆裂解,洋壳形成,俯冲拼合,碰撞造山的造山过程。495Ma左右南祁连南部柴达木微陆块向北俯冲的影响,古祁连洋壳俯冲受阻,俯冲带向北后退,形成大岔大坂岛弧。弧前地区发生洋-洋俯冲事件,堆积增生大岔大坂、白泉门、九个泉等SSZ型北祁连蛇绿岩北带,并伴随第二期清水沟、牛心山、野牛滩等地岩浆事件。460Ma左右阿拉善微陆块和中祁连微陆块开始碰撞拼合,古祁连洋开始闭合。值得注意的是拼合过程不是均一的,存在自西向东斜向"剪刀式"的拼合方式,产生了由西向东年代变新的"S"型同碰撞岩浆岩。约440Ma古祁连洋闭合,进入陆内造山阶段。440Ma之后,拼合陆块处在一种拉伸的构造环境之下,金佛寺、牛心山、老虎山等地产生碰撞后岩浆岩。422~406Ma发生俯冲折返、高压榴辉岩和高压低温蓝片岩退变质作用,形成以紧闭不对褶皱为特征的第二幕变形。根据各陆块、微陆块碎屑锆石年龄谱分析对比,中祁连基底应与华北不同,而可能与扬子有关。Rodinia超大陆聚合之前,中祁连微陆块作为一个独立的微陆块与华北、扬子保持一定距离。1.0~0.8Ga Rodinia超大陆聚合过程中祁连微陆块与冈瓦纳北缘拼贴在一起,而距华北较远。随着Rodinia超大陆裂解,中祁连微陆块远离冈瓦纳,逐渐向华北靠近,500~400Ma原特提斯洋闭合,华北、阿拉善与中祁连拼合,并整体拼合到冈瓦纳大陆北缘。 相似文献
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大别山前寒武纪变质地体基本组成 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文以新城－圻春断裂为界将大别山前寒武纪变质地体划分为华北陆块南缘和场子陆块北缘两个次级变质地体，两个次级地体不仅在地球物理，构造变形方面明显不同，而且在物质成分上有显著差异，它们有各自独立的变质地层系统，遭受了不同类型的变质作用，有完全不同的岩浆活动图象，上述差异均可指示华北，扬子两古陆碰掸对接时扬子陆块北缘向北俯冲至华北陆块南缘之下，这可能包括两次合作用，从元古代开始至中生代最终结束的长期复杂 相似文献
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Critical assessment of Paleozoic paleomagnetic results from Australia shows that paleopoles from locations on the main craton and in the various terranes of the Tasman Fold Belt of eastern Australia follow the same path since 400 Ma for the Lachlan and Thomson superterranes, but not until 250 Ma or younger for the New England superterrane. Most of the paleopoles from the Tasman Fold Belt are derived from the Lolworth-Ravenswood terrane of the Thomson superterrane and the Molong-Monaro terrane of the Lachlan superterrane. Consideration of the paleomagnetic data and geological constraints suggests that these terranes were amalgamated with cratonic Australia by the late Early Devonian. The Lolworth-Ravenswood terrane is interpreted to have undergone a 90° clockwise rotation between 425 and 380 Ma. Although the Tamworth terrane of the western New England superterrane is thought to have amalgamated with the Lachlan superterrane by the Late Carboniferous, geological syntheses suggest that movements between these regions may have persisted until the Middle Triassic. This view is supported by the available paleomagnetic data. With these constraints, an apparent polar wander path for Gondwana during the Paleozoic has been constructed after review of the Gondwana paleomagnetic data. The drift history of Gondwana with respect to Laurentia and Baltica during the Paleozoic is shown in a series of paleogeographic maps. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(2):159-181
In order to constrain the detrital provenance of the siliciclastic rocks, palaeogeographic variations, and crustal growth history of central China, we carried out simultaneously in situ U–Pb dating and trace element and Hf isotope analyses on 368 detrital zircons obtained from upper Permian–Triassic sandstones of the Songpan terrane, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Two groups of detrital zircons, i.e. magmatic and metamorphic in origin, have been identified based on cathodoluminescence images, zircon Ti-temperatures, and Th/U ratios. Our data suggest that the derivation of siliciclastic rocks in the Songpan terrane was mainly from the Qinling, Qilian, and Kunlun orogens, whereas the Yangtze and North China Cratons served as minor source areas during late Permian–Triassic times. The detrital zircons from Middle–Late Triassic siliciclastic rocks exhibit wide age spectra with two dominant populations of 230–600 Ma and >1600 Ma, peaking at ~1.8–1.9 Ga and ~2.4–2.5 Ga, suggestive of a derivation from the Qinling, Qilian, and Kunlun orogens and the Yangtze Craton being the minor source area. The proportions of detrital zircon populations from the northern Qinling, Qilian, and Kunlun orogens distinctly decreased during Middle–Late Triassic time, demonstrating that the initial uplift of the western Qinling occurred then and it could have blocked most of the detritus from the Qilian–northern Qinling orogens and North China Cratons into the main Songpan–Ganzi depositional basin. The relatively detrital zircon proportions of the Yangtze Craton source decreased during Early-Middle Late Triassic time, indicating that the Longmenshan orogen was probably being elevated, since the early Late Triassic and gradually formed a barrier between the Yangtze Craton and the Songpan terrane. In addition, our Lu–Hf isotopic results also reveal that the Phanerozoic magmatic rocks in central China had been the primary products of crustal reworking with insignificant formation of a juvenile crust. 相似文献
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松潘甘孜地体东部的花岗岩主要形成于印支晚期至燕山初期,其中四姑娘山花岗岩体的锆石普遍具有岩浆锆石的特征。通过四姑娘山花岗岩体的黑云母花岗闪长岩中的23粒锆石的锆石激光探针U-Pb定年,确定其岩浆结晶年龄为燕山早期(191±1)Ma,此年龄对解决龙门山断裂带形成的初始时间有重要意义。虽然在松潘甘孜地体多数岩体长轴走向和矿物定向均呈北西向,但过去区调中划分的北西向的金川—理县构造岩浆带不能代表这种楔入作用的产物,而应重新划分为北东向的道孚—金川—小金—黑水构造岩浆带,四姑娘山岩体是这个北东向构造岩浆带中的典型。这些花岗岩主要是扬子地块沿龙门山构造带向松潘甘孜地体内楔入导致松潘甘孜地体中下地壳低速层发生部分熔融的结果。地球物理资料显示,四姑娘山地区是有"山根"的,这些"山根"主要由巨大的花岗岩基组成,它们不是引起汶川地震的原因,但是减弱了汶川地震的地震波向西北方向的青藏高原传递,并对汶川地震时的龙门山断裂带向西南段的扩张起了一定的阻挡作用,即降低了汶川地震的大量余震在龙门山断裂带西南段发生的概率。 相似文献
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The Slab volcanics are a late Paleoproterozoic volcanic succession in the Wernecke Mountains of Yukon Territory in northwestern Canada. Fragments of the succession are preserved as megaclasts in km-scale zones of hydrothermal breccia. The largest clast is 160 × 380 m and consists of 31 mafic lava flows and minor intercalated sandstone and tephra. Hydrothermal activity during the brecciation led to extensive metasomatic alteration, both sodic and potassic. Despite the alteration, an igneous geochemical signal is discernible. The rocks are mafic to intermediate and moderately alkalic. Their trace element profiles indicate derivation from a hydrated, enriched mantle source, consistent with an origin as a volcanic arc affected by a plume, rift or slab window. Major and trace element patterns demonstrate a cyclical magmatic evolution involving intervals of fractional crystallization punctuated by recharge with mafic magma. The Slab volcanics were previously thought to have been deposited on Laurentia but are herein regarded as part of the exotic terrane Bonnetia that was obducted onto the Laurentian continental margin in late Paleoproterozoic time. Bonnetia may have developed on or near the eastern margin of Australia as a continental or fringing arc. In that scenario, Bonnetia grew through arc magmatism as oceanic crust between Australia and Laurentia was consumed prior to terrane obduction and continental collision in the late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic. Sediment or tephra derived from the arc was transported westward into the interior of Australia, raising εNd values of late Paleoproterozoic sedimentary strata. Vigorous hydrothermal brecciation followed and led to fragmentation of the crust, including the obducted terrane Bonnetia. Giant blocks of the Slab volcanics and other units of Bonnetia foundered into breccia zones and moved downward for thousands of meters. Erosion removed the obducted terrane and the uppermost Laurentian crust, exposing the megaclasts. 相似文献
18.
《Gondwana Research》2016,29(4):1543-1565
Early Cambrian small skeletal fossils (SSFs) are studied and revised from the Zhenba–Fangxian Block of the transitional zone between the Yangtze Block and the South Qinling Terrane. The study reveals a diverse fauna with 47 species of various biological affinities, including the new species Gapparodus gapparites sp. nov. The SSFs are assigned to the newly defined Cambroclavus fangxianensis–Rhombocorniculum cancellatum Assemblage Zone. Based on the investigated SSF fauna from Zhenba County, Southeast Shaanxi of China and published data, a palaeobiogeographic study is carried out for the Cambrian Stage 3 (equivalent to the Atdabanian–Botoman of Siberia). A hierarchical Pearson similarity cluster analysis of 295 species from 32 regions of the world indicates a distinct palaeobiogeographic pattern with seven faunal provinces. The result is mostly consistent with existing palaeogeographic reconstructions for the early Cambrian. However, it is also shown that the SSF assemblages of the Zhenba–Fangxian Block have low similarity with those of the Yangtze Block. Instead, they share high similarity with those from Armorica, Tarim and the Karatau–Naryn terranes (South Kazakhstan/North Kyrgyzstan). The Yangtze Block has a unique SSF assemblage dissimilar to most of other regions. The Terreneuvian–Cambrian Stage 3 sedimentary sequence of the Zhenba–Fangxian Block is more consistent with that of the South Qinling Terrane. Besides, sedimentary Ediacaran manganese ore deposits and Cambrian barite/witherite deposits have unique distribution pattern on the Zhenba–Fangxian Block. Derived from the profound dissimilarities in faunal composition, sedimentary sequence and distribution of sedimentary ore deposits, we hypothesize that during the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian transition, the Zhenba–Fangxian Block might have been an independent terrane and more distant from the Yangtze Block. The palaeobiogeographic analysis of SSFs also indicates a closer alliance between Avalonia and Siberia. It corroborates the palaeogeographic reconstruction of North China at the margin of Gondwana, in the vicinity of Australia, Antarctica, and Armorica. 相似文献
19.
对于中国滇西和东南亚地区古特提斯缝合带对比一直存在诸多争议。在泰国清莱地区三叠纪南邦群中采集4件碎屑岩样品,进行岩石学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb测年研究。岩石学和地球化学研究表明,该套碎屑岩的源岩主要为基性—中基性岩石,卷入少量长英质岩石,物源区大地构造背景为岛弧带。所测得最古老锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为3269Ma±29Ma,绝大多数年龄集中形成3个峰值：280～250Ma、500～440Ma和1200～1100Ma,指示清莱地区三叠纪南邦群碎屑物源区主要为清莱岛弧火山岩带西部条带和前泥盆纪变质岩系。碎屑锆石年龄图谱的对比结果表明,原特提斯构造阶段之前,南邦地体与西澳大利亚发育类似构造—热事件;在原特提斯构造阶段之后,其构造—热事件特征与扬子构造域相类似,指示古特提斯洋的主洋盆应该在南邦地体以西,支持清迈构造带代表古特提斯主洋盆的观点。 相似文献
20.
本文对华北陆块、秦岭陆块以及扬子陆块内的70个采样点,474个标本进行了古地磁研究,利用16个采样点,112个标本中所获得的原生剩磁,重点分析了三陆块自寒武纪以来的古地磁极位置、古地磁偏角以及古纬度的变化特点。结果表明,三陆块为不同地质构造单元;寒武纪以来,华北陆块、秦岭陆块以及扬子陆块自北到南顺序排列;寒武纪时,秦岭陆块北侧和南侧分别存在一古洋盆,此时华北陆块和扬子陆块相距约1060km,三陆块向北漂移的过程中伴随着旋转运动,其中华北陆块和秦岭陆块以反时针旋转占优势,扬子陆块以顺时针旋转占优势;三陆块完全拼合时间在早三叠世至晚白垩世之间。 相似文献