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1.
为揭示燃煤电厂大气污染物排放对周边水环境的影响,以典型燃煤电厂为研究对象,分析了2008～2020年电厂大气污染物(烟尘、SO2、NOx、NH3和颗粒物重金属)及电厂周边典型水库的水质,并估算了电厂大气污染物排放与水库水质的相关性及其对水库水体中硫化物、氮氧化物和重金属的贡献。结果显示,2008～2020年电厂烟尘、SO2、NOx和重金属(Hg、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Cr和Pb)的排放量整体呈下降趋势,2015～2020年NH3的排放量呈波动状态;2008～2020年黄壁庄水库入口和中心处的水质均达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅱ类水质标准以上,水库入口和中心处水体中的重金属含量与电厂烟尘重金属排放量呈显著相关。CALPUFF模型结果显示,该燃煤电厂排放的SO2、SO42-、NOx、HNO3、NH3、H...  相似文献   

2.
对新疆城市环境空气质量现状及近三年来二氧化硫、氮氧化物和 PM10浓度主要污染物浓度变化进行分析,通过对新疆城市规模(人口、机动车数量、建成区面积等)以及城市工业发展与环境保护工作成效进行总结,找出当前新疆城市环境保护存在的问题,并有针对性提出工业合理布局;能源结构调整;机动车环保标志管理;严格污染物排放标准;推行绿色施工等措施建议。  相似文献   

3.
基于对流层二氧化氮(NO2)垂直柱浓度卫星遥感数据,实现快速、高空间水平分辨率(5 km或更高)的氮氧化物(NOx=NO+NO2)排放反演,可为空气污染精准治理提供及时、细致的排放数据。现有多种低计算成本的快速反演方法,如指数修正高斯模型、散度模型和PHLET算法,但其反演效果尚未得到充分对比分析。以2019年夏季京津冀地区为研究对象,对比了上述3种方法的反演效果,研究发现,指数修正高斯模型主要适用于点源排放,但在京津冀等排放源密集地区的反演效果较差;散度模型考虑了在预定NOx大气寿命情况下的水平输送,能快速识别主要排放源位置,但存在排放低估和负排放等问题;PHLET算法考虑了水平输送、NO2垂直柱浓度和NOx大气寿命的非线性关系以及卫星像元不规则等因素,对排放的估计较为准确。改善风场数据、填补卫星数据缺失和改善NOx化学损失估计是进一步提升排放反演质量的关键。  相似文献   

4.
太原市市区机动车尾气污染问题于梅（太原市环境保护监测站）机动车尾气的主要污染物有一氧化碳（ＣＯ），碳氢化合物（ＨＣ），氮氧化物（ＮＯｘ）。从世界工业化国家的大气污染过程看已经历了烟尘型污染、二氧化硫污染、光化学烟雾污染三个阶段。光化学烟雾污染主要是由...  相似文献   

5.
由新冠(COVID-19)疫情引发的全国性大封锁为研究大规模工业减排对大气污染的影响提供了契机。对河南省2020年疫情前、封锁期间及逐步复工复产期间与2019年同期6种主要大气污染物(PM2.5、PM10、CO、NO2、SO2与O3)的时空差异开展对比分析,运用基于健康风险的空气质量指数(HAQI)法,研究河南省主要大气污染物的健康效应。结果表明,河南省大气污染物分布整体呈现北部高南部低的空间变化特征,PM2.5受一次污染和二次污染影响较显著。减排初期(春节疫情期间),除NO2浓度迅速减少外,其他污染物没有明显变化, PM2.5浓度比2019年同期增加15%,是不利的气象条件与大气氧化度增加促进二次化学过程的结果。春节后疫情期间, PM2.5浓度迅速降低至疫情前的50%左右,为2019年同期的50%左右。基于HAQI结果,研究期间(冬–春)影响河南省大气健康效应的关键因素是PM2....  相似文献   

6.
长春市大气中NOx污染现状和机动车排放污染分担率研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  
在分析长春市大气环境中NOx 污染源与浓度时间变化规律的基础上,对机动车尾气NOx 排放总量分担率、不同车型NOx 排放量分担率和NOx 浓度分担率进行了量化研究.结果表明,长春市机动车尾气NOx 排放总量分担率为34.8%,且呈逐年上升的趋势;重型柴油车和中型汽油车的分担率较高,居前两位;NOx 浓度分担率为38.41%,接近全国大型城市水平,市中心区域分担率水平很高.  相似文献   

7.
锂冶炼多以锂云母和锂辉石为原料,采用回转窑内进行火法冶炼,产生的烟气含有大量的重金属粉尘、SO2和NOx。以某5万t/a电池级锂盐项目回转窑烟气净化为对象,探究锂冶炼烟气的特点,选择高温尘硝一体化联合钠碱法脱硫工艺净化烟气,对工艺流程、各系统配置、核心设计参数进行详细说明,并提供了现场运行数据。烟气经过该工艺除尘脱硝脱硫后,装置出口净烟气SO2浓度均低于100 mg/Nm3,NOx浓度低于100 mg/Nm3,粉尘排放浓度低于10 mg/Nm3,各项参数达到超低排放要求,为同类锂行业火法冶炼窑尾烟气净化设计提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
本研究利用2015～2022年气象资料,对大气环境容量计算方法——A值法进行修正,计算出兰州市中心城区不同季节的A值为春季4.14×104 km2、夏季3.51×104 km2、秋季1.28×104 km2、冬季1.12×104 km2。运用修正A值法,考虑污染物的干、湿沉降清除量和化学转化清除量,计算兰州市中心城区6种大气污染物(O3、NO2、CO、SO2、PM2.5和PM10)在8年间四季变化量及大气环境容量,并对修正A值法的主要参数(风速、背景值浓度、干沉降速率和降水量)在±30%范围内进行调整,系统分析污染物的大气环境容量对各参数变化的敏感性。结果表明, 8年间兰州市中心城区的空气质量不断改善。除O3外,其他污染物在春、夏季的大气环境容量高于秋、冬季。O3  相似文献   

9.
张鸿升  叶育青 《沉积学报》1992,10(4):101-110
本文应用沉积学与测井学理论,对山东聊城煤矿区太原组的沉积环境进行了研究,认为太原组是以陆源碎屑潮坪及泻湖为主体的海退沉积与潮下带海进沉积所组成的多施回沉积体系,主采煤层M9,M10形成于泻湖泥遄沼泽化环境。在分析M9、M10煤聚煤特点的基础上,运用灰色系统理论,建立了M9、M10煤GM（1,1）灰色数学横型,并对煤厚进行了灰色预测。  相似文献   

10.
综述了大气气溶胶颗粒物的特征、颗粒物的界面反应与矿物协同演化意义;重点介绍了大气颗粒物粒径分布和矿物成分,以及常见有毒有害气体的界面反应产物特征与关键化学过程;总结了矿物颗粒在大气气溶胶形成过程中汇聚、调控、催化的作用,以及颗粒物与大气中SO2、NOx的协同反应机制;分析了微纳米颗粒对二次有机气溶胶形成的影响,以及大气矿物相颗粒界面反应产物组合及协同演化作用.可为进一步研究大气颗粒物与大气中痕量污染气体反应形成二次气溶胶进而影响大气化学组成的过程提供指导,对深入探讨大气矿物颗粒表面特性在复合污染物中多介质反应的微界面化学过程,矿物尘-污染物气溶胶体系在雾-霾形成、转换、新生粒子和阻断行为的复合作用具有重要的环境学意义.   相似文献   

11.
The modification of land use is known to be a major climate change driver to the local warming and air quality in cities. Despite the reduction of NOx over the years, the Selangor state has captured a higher level of O_3 in year 2011. The measurement result has shown that the surge in O_3 level was attributed to the reduction of NO_x/NMHC ratio. This paper hence attempted to identify the role of land use change from 1999 to 2011 on the ground ozone air quality in the tropical urban conurbation, Greater Kuala Lumpur(GKL), Selangor, Malaysia. With the state-of-the-art chemical weather prediction tool, WRFChem, the external synoptic factors and emission inventory were controlled when comparing the chronological land use changes. The results showed that the urban-induced temperature and wind bias in the tropical region has induced stronger wind to disperse the NO_x and carries the TVOC from the suburban to the downwind urban region. The reduction of NO_x/TVOC has gradually shifted towards the optimum O_3 formation regime in 2011. The formation of highly concentrated ozone becomes more sensitive to the increment of TVOC as the NO_x level reduces in the urban. This highlights the essential involvement of TVOC in the ozone formation in lieu of the NOx reduction in the tropical city, a region with growing emitter of reactive biogenic ozone precursors.  相似文献   

12.
金川矿区尾矿库排水对地下水水质影响：现状及预测分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
刘卫东  李峰  孙伟 《冰川冻土》2012,34(1):114-119
处于甘肃河西干旱区的金川公司在生产过程中产生了大量含有重金属离子的工业废水、废渣,废水排放会对地下水水质产生影响,其重金属离子会对人体有危害.重点对尾矿库排水对当地地下水水质影响进行了研究分析,对库区地下水污染现状进行了调查.绘制了尾矿库排水影响区的地下水中Ni、Cu、Zn和Cr四种主要元素平面分布等值线图,分析了重金属离子污染来源;通过建立物理、数学模型,对尾矿排出废水中主要污染物(Ni、As、Cu、Cr、Cd、SO24-等组分)分布进行了模拟预测,对各类污染物可能造成的危害进行了分析,建议加强地下水质监测和处理排放.  相似文献   

13.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants in urban environments and are considered as the priority pollutants. The main objectives of this study were (1) to assess the contamination extent of 16 PAHs compounds in urban street dust and (2) to identify the anthropogenic sources of contamination. Forty-nine samples were analysed for 16 PAHs by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results showed that total PAHs concentrations varied from 2174 to 24,499 ng/g with an average value of 6616 ng/g. Total PAHs concentrations showed a significant correlation with the total organic carbon (TOC) content (r = 0.599, p < 0.0001), suggesting likely that TOC can influence the distribution of PAHs in Xuzhou street dust. Source identification indices suggested that the primary source of PAHs was automobile exhausts. A factor analysis was performed, and three factors were extracted from the available dataset, explaining a total variance of approximately 84.7%. Results from the factor analysis could be indicative of PAHs with different origins.  相似文献   

14.
El Bey river, which drains 60% of the pollutant load of several urban cities in the northeast of Tunisia, provides a good example of the transfer of organic and metallic pollutants that result from industrial and urban activity, and can be used to show how these charges are transported and discharged into the Gulf of Tunis. Persistent organic pollutants (PAH and PCB) in dissolved, particulate matter, bed sediments, and three wastewater effluents in El Bey watershed were analyzed. PAH (∑14PAHs) concentration ranged from 0.248 to 9.955 mg L?1 and from 0.836 to 28.539 mg L?1 in dissolved and particulate fraction respectively. The particulate/dissolved partition coefficient value (Kd) was less than one which confirmed the affinity of PAH to be adsorbed. In sediment, the high-molecular weight PAHs were found principally with percentage between 50 and 100% witch present 239.99 to 5362.19 μg kg?1, which is relatively higher in comparison with other estuaries river. Contrary to PAH patterns, PCB were bound to dissolve fraction. Kd (PCB) value (Kd?>?1) reflected this affinity which is related to environment energy. The spatial distribution and profile of analyzed organic pollutants confirmed the direct impact of wastewater effluent on the organic pollution level in three compartment of El Bey watershed and his profiles suggested different transport patterns.  相似文献   

15.
To characterize a runoff pattern of non-point pollutants in relation with different land uses in a watershed, a monitoring activity and field measurements were carried out and data points were recorded during the rainfall events for 2 years. The study area includes industrial, urban, and rural sectors, which can represent a model case for the runoff study. Each sector was monitored with methodology and parameters including partial event mean concentration, first flush effect, mass first flush ratios, and correlation analysis. The Banwol Industrial Outfall No. 4 (4TG), an industrial area, showed a strong first flush effect, indicating that pollutants such as suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, were discharged at the early stage of a storm. An MFF30 analysis of the runoff revealed a mean pollutant load was over 50 %. In the Ansan Stream, an urban area, a strong first flush effect did not appear; however, the concentrations of pollutants reached a peak some time later during a storm event. Then, the concentrations of pollutants quickly reduced. On the other hand, Jangjunbo and Munsan Stream, rural areas, did not exhibit the first flush effects, and when considering the value of MFF30, 30 % or fewer pollutants on average were discharged at the initial stage of a storm. This means most of pollutants were streamed out at the later time of a storm event. The monitoring results found that the runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants in industrial, urban, and rural areas were distinctly different and site-specific. Therefore, each watershed management plan should be prepared to meet its own characteristics. Also, this kind of data can be an important base in designing and sizing a regional wastewater treatment facility to treat pollutants from a contaminated watershed.  相似文献   

16.
广西阳朔思的村铅锌矿尾矿砂坝坍塌造成了大面积农田污染,已往报道多集中在金属矿山开采过程中产生的废液及大量固体废弃物堆砌而造成的环境污染,较少关注因尾矿砂坝坍塌所造成的这种土壤重金属特殊污染模式。本文运用典范对应分析(CCA)研究铅锌矿尾砂坝坍塌对不同土地利用类型(玉米地、柑橘园、水稻田)造成的重金属(铅、锌、铜、镉)污染以及对土壤理化性质(有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量、碳氮比、pH值)的影响。CCA分析结果表明,研究区污染以铅、锌、镉为主,铜次之,其中锌和镉的空间分布格局受土地利用类型的影响更明显,并且镉对水稻田产生的环境风险最高。此外,在土壤中尾矿砂分布不均的前提下,土地利用类型是造成土壤重金属污染空间分布不同的重要驱动力,受土壤质地和矿砂性质的影响,重金属污染引起的酸化效应在供试土壤中不明显,使得CCA图中pH值所代表的点远离重金属箭头连线;阳离子交换量距重金属连线较近,受重金属影响明显并随重金属污染的加剧而减小;碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等速效养分受重金属污染的影响并不显著,但与施肥配比和农业管理密切相关;有机碳与重金属箭头连线分布象限相同且包裹于其中,与重金属质量分数呈正相关关系,相较于玉米地和柑橘园,水稻田中有机碳积累量更大,达到18.14 g/kg,可能因稻田中微生物的碳源代谢利用能力明显降低,土壤中有机碳的矿化分解受阻,导致水稻土中有机碳的积累。此外,尾矿砂作为土壤重金属的持续性释放源,尽管对土壤的基本理化性质尤其是速效养分的影响并不明显,但能够通过影响土壤微生物群落间接影响土壤碳循环。  相似文献   

17.
杨川  王金生 《地下水》2006,28(6):37-41
建立一维包气带溶质运移数学模型和二维潜水层溶质运移数学模型,对热电厂灰水污染物在包气带和潜水中的运移进行模拟,以下游水源地污染物浓度峰值不超过环境质量标准为依据,通过模型反复计算,得到包气带模型运行时长,即最大灰水排放时间,继而得到灰场库容.该方法可以为电厂灰场库容设计提供合理的标准,从而控制由于灰水排放所造成的潜水层污染问题.  相似文献   

18.
There is a great demand for estimating the ambient air pollutant background concentrations in order to assess the effectiveness of different emission control strategies. In this paper, the background concentrations of four pollutants, namely sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) pollutants in urban, suburban, and rural environments were investigated using Kolmogorov–Zurbenko (KZ) filter technique. Air quality data from monitoring stations over a period of 4 years (2007–2010) was analyzed for three locations in Kuwait, namely urban, suburban, and rural. The spatial and temporal (daily, weekly, and monthly) variations of the four pollutants were analyzed. The results show that the levels of ambient air pollutant background concentrations were high in the urban site compared to suburban and rural area. The diurnal variation of SO2 concentration showed an early morning peak, while the diurnal variation of NOx concentration constituted has two peaks, one was in the early morning hours (5 to 8 a.m.) and the second was in nighttime hours (8 to 11 p.m.). These two peaks were observed at all three locations. The monthly background NOx concentration reached a maximum in winter and minimum in summer. Diurnal variation of CO concentration showed a similar trend to SO2 concentrations in all three locations. Because of the photochemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere, the background concentration of O3 showed an inverse relation with respect to background concentration of NOx.  相似文献   

19.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants in urban environments including urban soils. Elevated concentrations of PAHs in urban soils are caused by incomplete combustion of petroleum and coal. This study assesses 16 individual PAH compounds in a total of 112 surficial soil samples. The objective was to assess and compare the levels of contamination as well as examine the main sources of PAHs in four urban agricultural soils using molecular ratios of some specific hydrocarbons. The study showed that PAH levels in soil ranged from 1.23 ng/kg in soil collected from Dzorwulu to 2.95 ng/kg in soil collected from Ghana Broadcasting Cooperation (GBC) vegetable irrigation site. Of the total PAHs, the more water soluble PAHs (2–4 rings), which tend to be concentrated in the vapour phase were found to dominate the soils. The percentage dominance were Dzorwulu (52.8 %), Marine Drive (62.5 %), CSIR (53.2 %) and GBC (49.2 %). However, there were significant levels of the more carcinogenic PAHs (5–6 rings) present with percentages as 47.1, 37.5 46.8 and 50.8 % for Dzorwulu, Marine Drive, CSIR and GBC vegetable irrigation sites, respectively, and therefore, may impact negatively on public health. Based on the classification by the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Pulawy, Poland, urban soils in Accra could be classified as contaminated to different levels. Molecular ratios of Flu/pyr and PA/Ant were calculated to determine the main sources of PAHs. Results showed that PAHs could originate mainly from incomplete combustion of petroleum products, especially from atmospheric fallout from automobile exhausts. The study further showed that B(a)P concentration of 0.05 ng/kg in soil from GBC urban vegetable irrigation site requires immediate clean-up exercise and monitoring to mitigate human health impact.  相似文献   

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