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1.
铝土矿矿床中普遍含有不同比例的鲕状矿石,但目前对这些鲕粒的成因及其与成矿作用相互关系的了解相对有限。对贵州务正道地区铝土矿矿床中典型鲕状矿石中鲕粒进行了微区原位主量元素电子探针分析(EPMA)和激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)主量和微量元素分析,并与共存基质的元素组成进行了对比。研究表明,鲕粒的形成时间晚于基质,地表化学风化作用本身并不能导致铝土矿的形成;鲕粒的形成发生于强氧化和高酸度的环境,其成因被解释为在海进过程中在地层中一定的深度条件下形成了以黄铁矿为主的硫化物矿物,随后的海退作用过程导致硫化物蚀变并形成强酸环境,使得成矿元素Al相对于杂质元素(Si、Fe)发生相对富集,且该过程具有多期次振荡重复的特点。铝土矿形成是热带湿热气候条件下周期性海进-海退循环与长期的大陆古隆起区平坦海岸地形相互耦合的结果。 相似文献
2.
桂西地区铝土矿为典型喀斯特型,包括二叠系沉积型和第四系堆积型两亚类。堆积型铝土矿是沉积型铝土矿经抬升、破碎、风化,最后堆积于喀斯特洼地中形成。以平果教美铝土矿为研究对象,探索堆积型铝土矿形成过程中矿物的变化与元素迁移。沉积型矿石的矿物组成包括硬水铝石、鲕绿泥石、锐钛矿及少量针铁矿、金红石和高岭石;堆积型矿石的矿物组成主要为硬水铝石、锐钛矿、高岭石及少量三水铝石和鲕绿泥石。转化过程中堆积型矿石中的硬水铝石含量明显增加,鲕绿泥石含量明显减少。沉积型铝土矿的主要化学组成为Al2O3、SiO2、FeO和TiO2;堆积型为Al2O3、SiO2、TiO2和Fe2O3。两类矿石中元素Zr 、Ba、Nb、V含量均较高,稀土总量变化大,富集轻稀土。质量平衡计算表明堆积型铝土矿形成过程中Al、Ba、Sr、Y等元素增加,而Si、Fe、Ti、Nb、V、Ce等元素减少,其余元素变化不明显。 相似文献
3.
《矿产与地质》2019,(5)
以偃(师)龙(门)地区上石炭统本溪组铝土矿豆鲕结构为研究对象,通过岩石薄片观察、扫描电镜和能谱分析等手段,对铝土矿豆鲕结构的宏观沉积特征、岩石学特征进行了分析,在其分析基础上,结合豆鲕状铝土矿的结构特征,对豫西偃龙地区本溪组铝土矿豆鲕结构成因机制进行了研究。认为:豆鲕结构是伴随着铝成矿过程的化学成因构造,豆鲕核心往往是在富铁铝化作用的早期局部形成的铁铝化程度较高的物质,也可以是在铁铝化作用的过程中,早期铁铝化程度较高的破碎的碎屑物质;豆鲕的圈层是一种加铁和脱铁的交替过程,最有可能是在潜育化作用下形成的漂白层和淀积层,是富铁铝化作用形成的包裹核心的、相对均一的圈层改造的结果。 相似文献
4.
《矿产与地质》2018,(6)
河南嵩箕地区的关庙—大坪铝土矿是位于华北陆块南缘的一个大型铝土矿床,产于上古生界中奥陶统或上寒武统古风化面上,属典型的古风化壳沉积型铝土矿床。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜等方法对矿石结构、矿物成分等进行深入的研究:铝土矿中含铝矿物主要以细粒一水硬铝石为主,并可见(高岭土、伊利石)等胶状黏土矿物,其他还有赤铁矿、黄铁矿、锐钛矿、锆石等矿物,含铝岩系中由下至上具Fe→Al→Si层分特点,对应其致密块状→含豆鲕状→豆鲕状→碎屑状结构,间接说明了水动力条件由强变弱的转换过程,这是个多次形成的过程。豆鲕粒结构的出现都表明了矿石形成过程中经历了机械搬运或胶体溶液沉积的特点。矿石中矿物颗粒变化趋势反映了当时沉积由河湖沼泽洼地低能的沉积环境向潮下带高能海水环境的过渡;岩相学特征结合前人关于岩相古地理特征及碎屑锆石U-Pb测年等方法对研究区沉积型铝土矿成矿物质来源进行分析,认为成矿源区应为研究区南部的秦岭古陆。 相似文献
5.
[摘 要] 河南三门峡市贯沟铝土矿属喀斯特型铝土矿。研究区内地层发育相对完全,除上奥陶统、
志留系、泥盆系和下石炭统地层缺失外,从太古界到新生界均有出露。铝土矿层主要产出于中石炭系本
溪组下段。矿石以鲕粒和隐晶质结构为主,少量碎屑结构。矿物学分析显示,铝土矿矿石的主要组成矿
物有硬水铝石、锐钛矿、伊利石,另外,还包括少部分高岭石、锆石等。硬水铝石呈隐晶质结构组成矿石
的基质,少部分呈现细小的板状、长柱状形态。锐钛矿存在两种形态:第一种是锐钛矿与硬水铝石二者
同期形成;第二种锐钛矿以脉状穿插在硬水铝石组成的基质中,形成稍晚于硬水铝石。伊利石主要呈鳞
片状集合体形态组成矿石的基质。锆石主要分散在硬水铝石组成的基质中。进一步研究发现:硬水铝
石电子探针分析显示晶体中存在Fe、Si 和Ti 等其它元素,其主体呈隐晶质与锐钛矿密切共生,指示硬水
铝石主要为简单的成岩结晶成因。矿石中的锐钛矿和硬水铝石共生,互相包含和穿插,反映大量的锐钛
矿是成矿期或成岩期结晶形成。对风化作用中形成的伊利石主要由云母转化而形成,该过程中矿物结
构并未发生明显改变。 相似文献
6.
广西扶绥地区喀斯特型铝土矿矿物学特征及其成因意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《矿物岩石》2015,(3)
扶绥地区铝土矿位于东南地洼区的二级构造单位—黔桂地洼内。通过野外地质调查,结合室内显微镜鉴定,利用X射线衍射分析和电子探针技术对矿床中矿石结构及矿物组成进行深入研究。矿石结构主要为豆鲕粒结构、团粒结构、结核状结构、内碎屑结构、胶状结构、泥晶结构等。矿石中主要的矿物成分为一水硬铝石、高岭石、赤铁矿,次要矿物为勃姆石、针铁矿,并含少量伊利石、叶蜡石、黄铁矿、锐钛矿、石英、方解石等。矿物学研究显示:一水硬铝石具有较高Al2O3含量,SiO2,TiO2,Fe2O3等杂质含量少,且普遍发育重结晶现象;自生高岭石与后生高岭石相比有高Al低Si的特点;赤铁矿和针铁矿含有较多Al,Si,Ti混入物;黄铁矿具有高S、低Co/Ni比的特征。分析表明一水硬铝石主要为三水铝石在地台活化阶段脱水重结晶形成;高岭石的成因分为风化残余、同生及后生三种;叶蜡石的出现反映了铝土矿形成过程中变质作用的存在;赤铁矿和针铁矿是湿热气候条件下岩石风化成土过程的产物;黄铁矿为沉积成因。综合分析,认为本区铝土矿床的形成具有多成因、多阶段的特点,为地台原生沉积+地洼改造+喀斯特化淋滤的多因复成矿床。 相似文献
7.
铝土矿床中豆鲕粒结构的形成,直接与红土化作用有关.本文试以黔北铝土矿床为例,论述了古代喀斯特型铝土矿床中豆鲕结构的成因机理。其豆鲕粒结构存在的本身便标志着经历了红土化阶段或直接源出于红土物质。当化学风化作用进入到酸性淋溶阶段时,大量的有机酸胶、铝、硅、铁胶,经过复杂的分凝、软胶化、扩散、间歇反应、陈化等胶体化学作用,直接孕育成了豆鲕粒结构.豆鲕粒的形状、大小、密度、分布等特征,则取决于原始溶胶的数量、浓度,浓度梯度和相对稳定度。与豆鲕粒结构密切伴生的复胶状结构,其成因也是胶体作用所致.属风化作用或与风化作用密切有关的矿床类型. 相似文献
8.
务正道地区铝土矿是由风化作用形成的古风化壳沉积型铝土矿,成矿母岩主要来源于下伏中下志留统韩家店组碎屑岩.文章依据瓦厂坪矿床岩、矿石X衍射、电子探针分析成果,绘制Al2O3-SiO2-FeO三角图,并探讨了风化作用与铝土矿(岩)形成机理,认为风化作用是铝土矿形成的必要务件,母岩风化作用是(一个)Si不断的溶解迁移流失,Al和Ti相对残留、再迁移、沉积富集的过程,铝土矿形成受风化作用时期气候、地理环境等因素影响,矿床规模、矿石质量与风化时间、储藏条件、脱硅富铝作用密切有关. 相似文献
9.
大黑山铝土矿赋存于上二叠统宣威组底部,下伏地层为峨眉山玄武岩。矿石结构主要以泥晶结构为主,具有少量鲕状、粒屑结构。矿石构造以致密块状构造为主,局部呈层状、似层状。铝土矿石中Al2O3与Fe2O3、Si O2呈现较好的负相关关系,Ti O2与Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta相关性较好,Zr-Hf、Nb-Ta的相关性拟合度很高。铝土矿与峨眉山玄武岩样品具有相似的稀土元素配分模式。综合稳定元素相关性、微量元素及稀土元素标准化图解、lg Ni和lg Cr二元图解等分析方法对大黑山铝土矿的成矿物质来源进行探讨,研究结果表明铝土矿的成矿物质来源主要来自峨眉山玄武岩。 相似文献
10.
鲁山-宝丰地区是河南省重要的铝土矿成矿区之一,区内铝土矿床为沉积型一水硬铝石矿床,矿石具有高铝、高硅、低铁的特征。铝土矿床的形成与分布受古地形、古地貌的控制,矿体形态多为透镜状或漏斗状。铝土矿床形成于中石炭世,由于Fe、Si、A1等元素迁移、沉淀的地球化学夸件的不同,在古侵蚀基准面上先后沉积形成铁质粘土岩、高岭石粘土岩、铝土矿等。处在地表或地下潜水面以上的铝土矿层,因地表风化淋滤,K、Ca、Na、Mg、S和部分Si迁出,而Al、Ti、Ga等则很稳定,使铝土矿进一步变富。 相似文献
11.
LING Kunyue ZHU Xiaoqing WANG Zhonggang HAN Tao TANG Haoshu CHEN Wenyi 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(6):1630-1642
The bauxites in central Guizhou are hosted by the Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation.Geochemistrial characteristics of the Lindai bauxite deposit indicate that the underlying Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the precursor rock of mineral resources.Weathering simulation experiments show that Si is most likely to migrate with groundwater,the migration rate of which is several magnitude higher than Al and Fe under nature conditions （pH=3-9）.The neutral and acid nonreducing condition is the most conducive to the Al rich and Si removal,while the acid reducing conditions is the most conducive to the Al rich and Fe removal.In the process of bauxite formation,coal beds overlying the Al-bearing rock series or other rock formation rich in organic materials can produce acid reducing groundwater,which are important for the bauxite formation.Finally,propose the metallogenic model of the bauxite in central Guizhou Province and put forward three new words which are ＂original bauxite material＂,＂bauxite material＂ and ＂original bauxite＂. 相似文献
12.
Roles of adhered Paenibacillus polymyxa in the dissolution and flotation of bauxite: a dialytic investigation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bio-related techniques have been proved to be efficient and specific in eliminating impure minerals such as goethite, hematite
and kaolinite from aluminum hydroxides in bauxite processing. In this study, the bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa) mediated dissolution and flotation of bauxite were experimentally investigated. To disclose the contribution of adhered
bacteria to these two processes, comparative experiments were designed, with one (and the other not) being dialyzed to prevent
cells from contacting with bauxite. The results show that all the release rates of Al, Fe and Si are accelerated by the involvement
of bacteria during 11 experimental days. More Al, Si and especially Fe are leached out in contact trial than in dialysis trial,
and simultaneously, a large amount of Si-enriched flocs are formed. Further analysis indicates that with the adhesion of P. polymyxa and high molecular weight metabolites, Fe minerals are much more dissolvable than kaolinite. However, kaolinite can be floated
easily with the mediation of adhered bacteria and metabolites. This study suggests that in bauxite biobeneficiation, sufficient
contact between microbes and bauxite can facilitate the elimination of impurities such as iron and silicon. 相似文献
13.
Karstic bauxite deposits are widespread in Central Guizhou Province, SW China, and high-grade ores are frequently sandwiched with overlying coal and underlying iron-rich layers and form a special “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. The Lindai deposit, which is one of the most representative karstic bauxite deposits in Central Guizhou Province, was selected as a case study. Based on textural features and iron abundances, bauxite ores in the Lindai deposit are divided into three types of ores, i.e., clastic, compact, and high-iron. The bauxite ores primarily comprise diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite, illite, and hematite with minor quartz, smectite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, anatase, and feldspar. The Al2O3 (53–76.8 wt.%) is the main chemical contents of the bauxite ore samples in the Lindai district, followed by SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, MgO, S, and P etc. Our geological data on the Lindai deposit indicated that the ore-bearing rock series and its underlying stratum have similar rare earth elements distribution pattern and similar Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and Eu/Eu1 values; additionally, all ore-bearing rock samples are rich in MgO (range from 0.16 wt.% to 0.68 wt.%), and the plots of the dolomites and laterites lie almost on or close to the weathering line fit by the Al-bearing rocks in Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta diagrams; suggesting that the underlying Middle Cambrian Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the parent rock of bauxite resources in the Lindai district.Simulated weathering experiments on the modern laterite from the Shilengshui Formation dolomite in the Lindai bauxite deposit show that hydrogeological conditions are important for karstic bauxite formation: Si is most likely to migrate, its migration rate is several magnitudes higher than those of Al and Fe under natural conditions; the reducing inorganic acid condition is the most conducive to Al enrichment and Si removal; Fe does not migrate easily in groundwater, Al enrichment and Fe removal can occur only in acidic and reducing conditions with the presence of organic matter.The geological and experimental studies show that “coal–bauxite–iron” structure in Lindai deposit is formed under certain hydrogeological conditions, i.e., since lateritic bauxite or Al-rich laterite deposited upon the semi-closed karst depressions, Si can be continuously removed out under neutral/acidic groundwater conditions; the coal/carbonaceous rock overlying the bauxitic materials were easily oxidized to produce acidic (H2S, H2SO4, etc.) and reductant groundwater with organic materials that percolated downward, resulting in enrichment of Al in underlying bauxite; it also reduced Fe3+ to its easily migrating form Fe2+, moving downward to near the basal carbonate culminated in precipitating of ferruginous (FeS2, FeCO3, etc.) strata of the “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. Thus, the bauxitic materials experienced Al enrichment and Si and Fe removal under above certain hydrogeological conditions forming the high-quality bauxite. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(6):701-712
Most of the karstic bauxite deposits in China are enriched in REE, and the REE has commonly been considered to be adsorbed on the surface of clay or diaspore minerals as ion state. However, occurrence of REE minerals in the bauxite deposits has not been reported by far. In the Quyang bauxite deposit from Guangxi province, we find REE minerals. The minerals are parisite and churchite. Parisite is widely distributed in the ooids and matrix, inducing positive Ce anomaly of the ores; whereas, churchite is rare and occurred in the core of ooid. The compositions of the REE minerals show the Eu anomaly can change gently during the weathering, and the Eu anomaly analyses suggest that the REE in the ores are mostly derived from the underlying carbonates. The parisite is formed in an alkaline condition, while churchite in an acidic situation; the co-existence of the two minerals in the ores suggests the Permian environment for bauxite formation is complex with great change of pH value. Moreover, parisite is inferred to be formed earlier than the churchite. 相似文献
15.
桂西堆积型铝土矿中三水铝石的矿物共生组合、矿物空间分布规律、产出特征、矿物的形成世代、化学成分、稀土元素和矿体内外的水质成分等成因矿物学特征研究结果表明，红土中的三水铝石是由硬水铝石水解形成的，三水铝石形成于本区特殊的气候和地质条件，特别是地下水溶液中Al^ 3、[SiO4]^-2浓度及pH值等多种因素的制约，经历了Al(OH)3的沉淀、老化、脱玻化、结晶几个阶段。在淋滤作用的早期，形成了高岭石；在淋滤作用较弱的位置，形成了次生石英。不仅是新类型矿床，而且其成因也是独特的，是正处于退化中的铝土矿。 相似文献
16.
以广西平果县太平铝土矿区外围的矿石为研究对象,采用化学分析、X射线粉晶衍射、光学显微鉴定、X射线能谱分析等方法对矿石的化学组成、矿物组成、矿物嵌布特征等进行了系统研究。结果表明,太平矿区外围铝土矿属于高铁的一水硬铝石型铝土矿,其中Al_2O_3含量为53. 06%,A/S值为10. 74,适用于拜耳法回收;共伴生组分中Fe_2O_3、Ti O_2、Ga、Nb达到综合回收利用指标。矿石选冶回收的目标元素Al主要以一水硬铝石、三水铝石的形式存在,平衡配分占比分别为85. 9%、6. 73%。矿石复杂的结构构造、矿物嵌布粒度、矿石中Fe、Si等元素不均匀分布等因素对Al的选冶回收有一定的影响。 相似文献
17.
某些矿物中同心层状鲕(豆)粒的自组织成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首先综述了矿物中同心层状鲕(豆)粒的基本特征,接着提出该鲕状结构的二阶段成因模式(早期胶团从沉积物中的快速形成和晚期胶团在自催化反馈机制的作用下的有序化)。最后,用自组织(耗散结掏) 理论和动力学分析方法揭示出如下结论:①自催化反馈机理是胶团中杂质元素的催化结晶;②胶团在有序化过程中能形成时-空有序的自组织结构即鲕粒同心层;③胶团中凝胶浓度和杂质元素浓度在相空间内为一极限环,定态胶团失稳后将沿着极限环闭轨演化并最终形成同心层状矿物鲕粒。寻找有序结构和自反馈机制是研究自组织结构的有效方法 相似文献
18.
The present study focuses on the Late Cretaceous Bidgol bauxite deposit in the Zagros Simply Fold Belt, SW Iran. The orebody is located in the eroded major NW–SE trending Koh-e-Hosseyn anticline and hosted as discontinuous stratified layers and lenses within the upper member of the Cenomanian–Turonian Sarvak Formation. Detailed mineralogical analysis reveals that diaspore, hematite, goethite, anatase, clinochlore, chamosite, and calcite are the major mineral components accompanied by minor amounts of detrital and REE-bearing minerals such as rutile, zircon and parisite. The ore texture suggest that the bauxite material has an authigenic origin but in some parts it has been transported short distances from a primary in situ environment and redeposited in karstic depressions. The spheroidal pisolites of the Bidgol bauxite formed under conditions of low water activity, favouring the formation of large diaspore cores and a single dry-to-wet climatic fluctuation. The mass change calculations relative to the immobile element Ti show that elements such as Si, Fe, Mg, K, Na and Sr are leached out of the weathered system; Al, Ni, Zr, Ga, Cr and Ba are concentrated in the residual system; and Hf, Ta, Co, Rb, Cs, Be, and U are relatively immobile during the bauxitisation processes. The Nb, Th, Y, V, Sc, Sn and ΣREE are relatively immobile in the initial stage of bauxitisation processes in the bauxite ores, but were slightly mobile at the later stage of bauxitisation. Geochemical data reveal progressive enrichment of the REE and intense LREE/HREE fractionation toward the lower parts of the bauxite profile. Cerium behaves differently from the other REEs (especially LREE) and show positive anomalies in the upper horizons that gradually become negative in the deeper parts of the profile. The distribution and fractionation of trace elements and REEs during the bauxitisation process in the Bidgol deposit are mainly controlled by the presence of REE-bearing minerals, fluctuations in soil solution pH, REE ionization potential and the presence of bicarbonates or organic matter. Geochemical analyses confirm a protolith contribution from the bedrock argillaceous limestone and suggest that the source material for the Bidgol bauxite was provided from a siliciclastic material derived from a continental margin. The mid-Turonian uplift led to the formation of karstic topography, rubbly breccia and a layer of ferruginous–argillaceous debris that was affected by lateritic weathering under humid tropical climate. Subsequently, mobile elements are removed from the profiles, while Al, Fe and Ti are enriched, resulting in the formation of the pristine bauxite materials. When the platform subsided into the water again, the pristine bauxitic materials were partly converted to bauxite. During the exposure of bauxite orebodies on the limbs and crests of anticlines and subsequent eroding and accumulation in the karstic depressions during folding and faulting in Oligocene–Miocene, important factors such as intensity of the weathering, drainage and floating flow may have improved the qualities of the bauxite ores. 相似文献
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贵州龙里地区发育早石炭世杜内期“丰源层”铝土矿。通过收集龙里地区地质钻孔资料,结合实测剖面和踏勘地质点资料,统计含铝岩系厚度、矿体厚度、品位、铝硅比数据,利用Surfer8.0成图软件,采用微地貌编图的方法,还原早石炭世杜内期含铝岩系古地貌,发现本区古喀斯特岩溶洼地2处,丰源层铝土矿产于水场—比孟—草原—高坡一带的古喀斯特岩溶洼地中。微地貌进一步研究表明,品位较高的碎屑状、豆鲕状铝土矿位于古喀斯特岩溶洼地的中心部位,品位较低的致密状铝土矿则分布于其中心和边缘。本区古地理研究表明,龙里地区早石炭世杜内期丰源层铝土矿的含矿岩系形成环境为海陆交互相,由北至南依次为发育陆相、古喀斯特岩溶洼地相和海相,古喀斯特岩溶洼相为丰源层铝土矿的形成提供了有利的沉积就位场所。 相似文献