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1.
混合气体驱替煤层气技术的可行性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
方志明  李小春  李洪  陈寒秋 《岩土力学》2010,31(10):3223-3229
气体驱替煤层气技术是近年来发展起来的具有温室气体减排和提高煤层气采收率双赢效果的新兴技术,相关研究受到世界主要发达国家的广泛重视。对于温室气体减排的压力,发达国家的研究主要着眼于该技术在高渗透、不可采煤层中的应用,注入气体主要为CO2,目的是尽可能多地封存CO2,同时提高煤层气采收率。目前,国内在这方面的研究刚刚起步。国内煤层具有渗透率普遍较低、不开采煤层与要开采煤层难以界定的特点,注CO2气体驱替煤层气在这种煤层中的可行性值得商榷。针对国内煤层特点和煤矿瓦斯抽采率低的现状,建议采用富N2混合气体驱替煤层气技术,以提高煤层气产采收率。通过理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验研究分析了实施混合气体驱替煤层气技术的可行性。研究结果表明,混合气体驱替煤层气技术适用于国内低渗透、可开采煤层,可以提高煤层气采收率和单产量。  相似文献   

2.
《地下水》2017,(2)
油田大规模实施提高采收率技术之前,需要对各个油藏进行提高采收率潜力评价,并进行经济分析。由于每个油田包括成百上千个不同油藏,因此要实现如此巨大工作量的提高采收率潜力评价需要快速可靠的评价模型。研究采用渗流力学理论、油藏数值模拟技术、数值计算方法,在分流理论基础上,分别建立了气驱、泡沫驱、表活剂驱提高采收率快速评价模型,气驱评价中引入全新的最小混相压力计算方法激发混相和非混相算法,通过最小混相压力系数修正气驱过程中的相渗曲线,以实现有效的气驱提高采收率潜力评价;泡沫驱评价模型中考虑了吸附和泡沫衰减问题,通过引入流度减少因子修正流度比模拟泡沫驱提高采收率机理;表活剂驱模型考虑了表活剂吸附问题,并通过引入维里展开式、界面张力计算公式、相对渗透率修正模型的方式模拟表活剂驱提高采收率机理。通过与商业软件Eclipse对比,验证了模型的可靠性。该模型不仅计算速度快,而且计算结果可靠,可用于油田大规模的提高采收率潜力评价。  相似文献   

3.
CO2驱油技术在50年代出现并发展至今,作为油田内部主要采收方式,CO2驱油技术逐渐替代了原有的热力采油方式。CO2驱油技术由于发展较早、技术完善、气源成本低,使油田内部对CO2驱油技术的使用范围不断扩大。我国对CO2驱油技术的使用时间较晚,自90年代后才引进了CO2驱油技术,并进行实验。《化学驱提高石油采收率》通过论述化学驱提高石油采收率的原理、方法与应用、技术和矿场应用原则,为相关工作的开展提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
油层不同开采时期原油组分变化特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈祖林  朱扬明  陈奇 《沉积学报》2002,20(1):169-173
运用有机地球化学分离、分析技术对取自塔里木盆地的东河、塔中和轮南油田不同时期开采出的原油样品进行剖析,研究其宏观组成和微观分子在时空上的变化规律。分析结果表明,原油饱 /芳比值随开采时间的推移呈下降的趋势;饱和烃与非烃 +沥青质的含量变化有很好的相关性。随着开采时间的增长,原油中正构烷烃的主峰碳数后移,原油的轻 /重组分比降低。原油碱性氮、有机酸等非烃类化合物随开采时间的推移也呈降低的趋势。这些变化与原油在驱替过程中的自然色层吸附作用机理和原油中各种组分的相互作用关系有关。该项研究对于深入探索驱油机理、预测原油润湿性和提高采收率具有重要的实际意义。  相似文献   

5.
模糊综合评判在聚合物驱油区块评价中的应用   总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1  
通过对原油开采过程中影响采收率的因素进行分析 ,结合影响采收率的机理研究 ,采用加权因子的方法计算采收率 ,并运用灰色关联分析法确定了油田开发中影响采收率各因素的权重 ,建立了一种对聚合物驱油区块整体评价的模糊综合评判方法并应用于中原油田聚合物驱油区的目的区块 ,明确了实施提高采收率技术的主要方向 ,给出了筛选区块的现场试验效果。  相似文献   

6.
赵玉东 《新疆地质》2019,(2):286-286
《油田开发地质学》一书讲述了合理开发油田开展的地质综合研究,通过有效建立油气开采与驱替系统,实现用最少的投入采出更多油气,达到提高油田采收率和经济效益的最终目标。全书以地震、钻井、录井、测井、测试、地球化学及生产动态等资料为基础,对开发地质学理论、方法进行阐述,主要包括精细构造、高分辨率层序地层学、沉积微相、储层特征、油藏动态分析、油藏地质建模及数值模拟等,采用静态和动态方法相结合,对剩余油分布控制因素进行研究,提出油田稳产、增产、增储的措施方法。本书专业性、逻辑性和实用性较强,对油气田开发有重要指导作用。  相似文献   

7.
对鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长6油层组超低渗透储层的微观渗流特征及驱油效率影响因素进行深入研究,为提高采收率提供了科学依据。研究以真实砂岩微观模型渗流实验为主要手段,结合铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞等方法对孔隙结构、岩石类型等进行测试。研究表明,研究区长6油层的渗流特征以网状驱替和均匀驱替为主,指状驱替甚少;不同的驱替类型对应不同的最终驱油效率,均匀驱替模型最终驱油效率最高,指状驱替模型最低。储层物性中渗透率是影响驱油效率的主要因素,孔隙度次之;适当地提高驱替压力能够有效地提高驱油效率;提高注水体积倍数也能适当地提高驱油效率;非均质性对驱油效率也有一定的影响。  相似文献   

8.
向地下水注入化学药剂进行修复时,药剂迁移主要集中在渗透性相对较高的区域,致使低渗透区内的污染物无法有效去除。通过注入聚合物(黄原胶)对地下水进行黏度控制,可以有效提高修复药剂在低渗透区的迁移能力,从而提高修复效果。黏性流体在地层中的迁移特性是该技术应用的理论基础,因此本研究运用一维模拟柱实验分析了含水层介质对黄原胶流体的阻滞作用,黄原胶注入前后介质的压力及渗透系数的变化以及黄原胶与修复药剂KMnO4迁移同步性。实验结果表明:当黄原胶溶液注入到介质后,介质对黄原胶的阻滞导致其有效孔隙度减小,因此会在一定程度上加速后续注入溶液溶质的运移,且介质渗透系数越小,对黄原胶阻滞作用越明显;黄原胶注入导致含水层渗透性降低,流体运移阻力增加,特别是在细砂和粉砂介质中,渗透系数都降低了一个数量级;虽然黄原胶和KMnO4在迁移锋面存在一定差异,但经过2 h后迁移速率基本相同,具有较好的同步性。  相似文献   

9.
高岭石与碱性驱替剂间作用的实验研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
陈忠  沈明道 《岩石学报》1997,13(4):573-582
用Teflon惰性反应器在25℃、50℃、和75℃的条件下,以1g/20ml的固/液比,研究了高岭石与各三个浓度的两种碱性驱替剂间(Na2CO3和NaOH)的作用,反应时间为0~600h,对反应后液相中的硅、铝元素浓度参数和固相物质分别进行了分光光度法和X-射线衍射(XRD)检测,弄清了实验研究参数与液相参数和高岭石相变的关系,得出了高岭石在NaOH溶液中存在非一致性的溶蚀趋势。高岭石在碱液中会发生溶蚀,进而可生成方钠石。此研究增加了对碱驱的认识,对提高原油采收率是一项有意义的研究工作。  相似文献   

10.
提高威明顿大油田非胶高,高孔隙,高渗透砂岩重油采收率的工作,60年代初就开始,虽然该油田一次采油后已生产近40年,但由于油藏非均质及开采问题造成采收率低。特别蒸汽驱,由于(蒸)汽-一油比高,蒸汽突破早,设备过早损坏,开采效果很差。多学科尝试解决这些问题使原油采收率提高是美国能源部三级采油矿场试验项目开始的第一步。威明顿11A断块主要解决以下几方面问题:1)建立三维地质模型,精确确定重要的相互关系;  相似文献   

11.
为了解决微米铁的重力沉降问题,提高微米铁修复地下水Cr(Ⅵ)污染的原位修复效果,本文利用黄原胶对微米铁进行改性,并通过沉降实验探究改性微米铁浆液的稳定性,同时选择Cr(Ⅵ)作为目标污染物,探究黄原胶改性微米铁去除地下水Cr(Ⅵ)污染的降解能力。实验结果显示:当黄原胶的投加质量浓度分别为0.0、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、6.0 g/L时,改性微米铁浆液的悬浮稳定性逐渐得到加强,在5 h沉降实验结束时,对应的相对分光光度值分别为0.05、0.25、0.46、0.57、0.65、0.73和0.87;黄原胶具有抑制微米铁吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的能力,其可促进Cr(Ⅵ)的还原,提高Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率;随着黄原胶投加质量浓度的增加,对应的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率分别为33.4%、41.2%、47.4%、51.1%、53.0%、63.9%和64.1%;6.0 g/L黄原胶改性的微米铁浆液具有最佳的悬浮稳定性,黄原胶的投加提高了微米铁的反应活性,但当黄原胶投加质量浓度超过3.0 g/L时,其对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率没有显著提高;黄原胶投加质量浓度越大,黄原胶的缓冲作用就越明显。  相似文献   

12.
常珑严 《探矿工程》2015,42(8):6-12,21
水包油钻井液作为一种深井低密度欠平衡钻井液流体,适用于低压低渗透地层的施工。通过调研国内外低密度水包油钻井液的发展状况,进行液体黄原胶水包油钻井液的室内试验。根据钻井液体系的不同,将试验分为5组,试验研究了液体黄原胶不同添加量对各组钻井液体系乳化性和流变性的影响。试验结果表明,随着液体黄原胶量的增加,各钻井液体系乳化性逐渐变好,流变性能得到了改善。通过对试验结果的分析,优选出聚磺水包油钻井液体系配方,该体系润滑性比较好,现场施工工艺较为简单;优选出低密度充气钻井液体系配方,该体系适用于欠平衡压力钻井,能够有效地保护储层。  相似文献   

13.
稠油微生物开采在新疆油田的现场应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为了提高原油采收率,提高稠油油藏开发效益,与新疆油田合作开展了稠油微生物开采的现场试验.试验优选了混源采油菌组合,采用单井吞吐的生产方式,分两批对21口稠油开发井进行了微生物开采现场试验.经采油菌作用,作业区的稠油粘度大幅度降低,在停止注蒸汽的情况下,大多数试验井都能达到经济产能,试验得到了较高的投资回报率.结果表明,所选用的采油菌组合对胶质、沥青质含量高的稠油作用效果显著,所以说稠油微生物开采技术值得在新疆油田的稠油开发中推广应用.  相似文献   

14.
为改良黄土强度低、易变形破坏的工程特性,在黄土中掺加黄原胶和玄武岩纤维,通过无侧限抗压强度试验探究黄原胶含量和玄武岩纤维加筋率及养护龄期对黄土抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明:与素土相比,分别掺加黄原胶和玄武岩纤维均能提高土体抗压强度和一定程度延性;混合掺加黄原胶和玄武岩纤维时,土体的抗压强度和延性都会提高明显。根据正交试验得到,掺加1.5%黄原胶和0.6%玄武岩纤维时,改良土体的抗压强度最大。  相似文献   

15.
传统原位土壤淋洗修复存在淋洗效率低、淋洗液迁移难控制、污染范围易扩大的弊端。胶态微泡沫(CGAs)密度轻、粒径小、流动性好,可以有效解决传统液相淋洗修复中的问题。在修复过程中,压力作为一项重要的指标,可以有效地反映CGAs在介质中的迁移分布;因而本研究通过一维和二维动态模拟实验探讨了介质粒径、介质含水量、聚合物(黄原胶)添加等对土壤修复体系压力的影响以及CGAs在土壤中的运移规律。研究表明:随着介质粒径、介质含水量、黄原胶质量浓度的增大,体系中压力总体呈现降低趋势;CGAs从模拟槽一侧单点注入介质时,其在介质中的迁移轨迹呈现近似半圆形,在覆盖区域分布均匀,能够有效克服重力对其迁移分布的影响;随着介质粒径的增大,CGAs在介质中的波及效率先增大后减小,介质粒径为0.8~1.0 mm时波及效率最大,为34.77%;随着含水量的增加,CGAs的波及效率随之增加;黄原胶的添加有效增加了CGAs在介质中的波及效率,黄原胶质量浓度为500 mg/L时CGAs波及效率最大,为40.28%,是未添加黄原胶时的1.48倍。  相似文献   

16.
张俊然  赵鑫鑫  姜彤 《岩土力学》2022,43(8):2157-2164
针对黄河流域水土流失防治,以往多采用水泥等灰色材料进行加固筑堤,但生态环境破坏严重。为响应黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的国家战略,采用环境友好的生物聚合物对黄河流域典型粉土进行改良,通过WP4C仪测量生物聚合物改良粉土的持水特性,并从微观角度分析了生物聚合物改良粉土持水特性的机制。研究结果表明,与未改良土相比,生物聚合物改良粉土饱和含水率增大,孔隙比增大,持水能力显著提高。黄原胶、结冷胶、瓜尔胶改良粉土的持水能力均随着掺量的增加而增加,结冷胶改良的效果优于黄原胶、瓜尔胶。其机制为生物聚合物颗粒经过水合作用形成水凝胶,填充颗粒间孔隙,增加颗粒之间的黏结性。而且黄原胶、结冷胶改良粉土中形成类似蜂巢结构的孔隙空间,为其提供储水空间,进而提高改良土的持水特性。上述研究结果可为生物聚合物安全、科学地应用于黄河流域水土流失的防治提供科学依据。  相似文献   

17.
Many tropical residual laterites have relatively poor engineering properties due to the significant percentage of fine-grained soil particles that they contain, which are formed by the soil weathering process. The widespread presence of laterite soils in tropical regions often requires that some form of soil improvement be performed to allow for their use in various civil engineering applications, such as for road base or subbase construction. One of the most commonly utilized stabilization techniques for laterite soils is the application of additives that chemically react with the minerals that are present in soil to enhance its overall strength; effective soil stabilization can allow for the use of site-specific soils, and can consequently result in significant cost savings for a given project. With an increasing focus on the use of more environmentally friendly and sustainable materials in the built and natural environments, there is an emerging interest in eco-friendly additives that are an alternative to traditional chemical stabilizers. The current study examines the viability of xanthan gum as an environmentally friendly stabilizer that can improve the engineering properties of tropical residual laterite soil. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, standard direct shear tests, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (N2-BET) surface area analysis tests and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) tests were used to investigate the effectiveness of xanthan gum for stabilization of a tropical laterite soil. The UCS test results showed that addition of 1.5% xanthan gum by weight yielded optimum stabilization, increasing the unconfined compressive strength of the laterite soil noticeably. Similarly, direct shear testing of 1.5% xanthan gum stabilized laterite specimens showed increasing Mohr–Coulomb shear strength parameters with increases in curing time. From the FESEM results, it was observed that the stabilization process modified the pore-network morphology of the laterite soil, while also forming new white layers on the surface of the clay particles. Analysis of the test results indicated that xanthan gum stabilization was effective for use on a tropical residual laterite soil, providing an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to traditional soil stabilization additives such as cement or lime.  相似文献   

18.
Chang  Ilhan  Cho  Gye-Chun 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(2):361-375

Microbial biopolymers have recently been introduced as a new material for soil treatment and improvement. Biopolymers provide significant strengthening to soil, even in small quantities (i.e., at 1/10th or less of the required amount of conventional binders, such as cement). In particular, thermo-gelating biopolymers, including agar gum, gellan gum, and xanthan gum, are known to strengthen soils noticeably, even under water-saturated conditions. However, an explicitly detailed examination of the microscopic interactions and strengthening characteristics between gellan gum and soil particles has not yet been performed. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of soil–gellan gum interactions on the strengthening behavior of gellan gum-treated soil mixtures (from sand to clay). The experimental results showed that the strengths of sand–clay mixtures were effectively increased by gellan gum treatment over those of pure sand or clay. The strengthening behavior is attributed to the conglomeration of fine particles as well as to the interconnection of fine and coarse particles, by gellan gum. Gellan gum treatment significantly improved not only inter-particle cohesion but also the friction angle of clay-containing soils.

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19.
Geopolymer formation and its unique properties   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The characteristic property of naturally-occurring geopolymers is a high content of humic materials that are recognized by the nitrogen function. Through a simulated geopolymerization, biopolymers with non-nitrogen function, such as xanthan gum, were found to have the characteristics of humic acid by means of UV–Vis spectrometry. This fact ascertains that any kind of biopolymer may naturally transform to a geopolymer. A geopolymer is a type of crosslinked long-chain compound, built in three-dimensional structures whose property is immune to microbial degradation. A crosslinked biopolymer was shown to have the same characterization as a geopolymer that has a long life due to its crosslinking capacity and anti-microbial properties. In this study, the formation of petroleum-based geopolymers (e.g., kerogen) was introduced. This study may elucidate the structure of geomacromolecules and the mechanism of their formation, closely related with crosslink reaction between inorganic and organic molecules. This will further change the conventional definition of geopolymer that involves only the inorganic geopolymer.  相似文献   

20.

Background

Riverine particles undergo a rapid transformation when they reach estuaries. The rapid succession of hydrodynamic and biogeochemical regimes forces the particles to flocculate, settle and enter the sediment pool. The rates and magnitudes of flocculation depend on the nature of the particles which are primarily affected by the types and quantities of organic matter (OM). Meanwhile, the OM characteristics vary widely between environments, as well as within a single environment due to seasonal climate and land use variability. We investigated the effect of the OM types and quantities through laboratory experiments using natural estuarine particles from the Mississippi Sound and Atchafalaya Bay as well as model mixtures of montmorillonite and organic molecules (i.e., biopolymers (guar/xanthan gums) and humic acid).

Results

Biopolymers promote flocculation but the magnitude depends on the types and quantities. Nonionic guar gum yields much larger flocs than anionic xanthan gum, while both of them exhibit a nonlinear behavior in which the flocculation is the most pronounced at the intermediate OM loading. Moreover, the effect of guar gum is independent of salinity whereas the effect of xanthan gum is pronounced at higher salinity. Meanwhile, humic acid does not affect flocculation at all salinity values tested in this study. These results are echoed in the laboratory manipulation of the natural estuarine particles. Flocculation of the humic acid-rich Mississippi Sound particles is unaffected by the OM, whereas that of biopolymer-rich Atchafalaya Bay particles is enhanced by the OM.

Conclusions

Flocculation is positively influenced by the presence of biopolymers that are produced as the result of marine primary production. Meanwhile, humic acid, which is abundant in the rivers that drain the agricultural soils of Southeastern United States, has little influence on flocculation. Thus, it is expected that humic acid-poor riverine particles (e.g., Mississippi River, and Atchafalaya River, to a lesser degree) may be prone to rapid flocculation and settling in the immediate vicinity of the river mouths when mixed with biopolymer-rich coastal waters. It is also expected that humic acid-rich riverine particles (e.g., Pearl River) may resist immediate flocculation and be transported further away from the river mouth.  相似文献   

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